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    CCL15 C-C motif chemokine ligand 15 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 6359, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    CCL15provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    C-C motif chemokine ligand 15provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:10613
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000275718 MIM:601393; AllianceGenome:HGNC:10613
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    LKN1; NCC3; SY15; HCC-2; LKN-1; MIP-5; NCC-3; SCYL3; MIP-1D; MRP-2B; SCYA15; HMRP-2B; MIP-1 delta
    Summary
    This gene is located in a cluster of similar genes in the same region of chromosome 17. These genes encode CC cytokines, which are secreted proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The product of this gene is chemotactic for T cells and monocytes, and acts through C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1). The proprotein is further processed into numerous smaller functional peptides. Naturally-occurring readthrough transcripts occur from this gene into the downstream gene, CCL14 (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14). [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]
    Expression
    Biased expression in colon (RPKM 21.9), small intestine (RPKM 21.7) and 6 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    See CCL15 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    17q12
    Exon count:
    4
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 17 NC_000017.11 (35997582..36001553, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 17 NC_060941.1 (36945485..36949456, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 17 NC_000017.10 (34324618..34328592, complement)

    Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10414 Neighboring gene C-C motif chemokine ligand 16 Neighboring gene CCL15-CCL14 readthrough (NMD candidate) Neighboring gene C-C motif chemokine ligand 14 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107985068 Neighboring gene C-C motif chemokine ligand 23 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:34350127-34350628 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105371746

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Synthesis and characterization of the human CC chemokine HCC-2. Escher SE, et al. J Pept Res, 1999 Dec. PMID 10604595
    2. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of human MIP-1 delta, a new C-C chemokine related to mouse CCF-18 and C10. Wang W, et al. J Clin Immunol, 1998 May. PMID 9624581
    3. Chemokine Lkn-1/CCL15 enhances matrix metalloproteinase-9 release from human macrophages and macrophage-derived foam cells. Kwon SH, et al. Nutr Res Pract, 2008 Summer. PMID 20126378, Free PMC Article
    4. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced expression of Leukotactin-1 is mediated by the PI3-K/PDK1/Akt signaling pathway. Cho JE, et al. Mol Cells, 2010 Jan. PMID 20016943
    5. Expression and regulation of CCL15 by human airway smooth muscle cells. Joubert P, et al. Clin Exp Allergy, 2012 Jan. PMID 22092970

    See all (62) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. CTHRC1 promotes colorectal cancer progression by recruiting tumor-associated macrophages via up-regulation of CCL15.
      Title: CTHRC1 promotes colorectal cancer progression by recruiting tumor-associated macrophages via up-regulation of CCL15.
    2. Eosinophil-derived chemokine (hCCL15/23, mCCL6) interacts with CCR1 to promote eosinophilic airway inflammation.
      Title: Eosinophil-derived chemokine (hCCL15/23, mCCL6) interacts with CCR1 to promote eosinophilic airway inflammation.
    3. Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Modulates Chemokine CCL15 Upregulation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
      Title: Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Modulates Chemokine CCL15 Upregulation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
    4. C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 15 May Be a Useful Biomarker for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.
      Title: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 15 May Be a Useful Biomarker for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.
    5. Plasma concentrations of CCL15, the human homolog of mouse CCL9, were elevated in a previously published cohort of 211 cGVHD patients compared with controls and associated with NRM. In a cohort of 792 patients, CCL15 measured at day +100 could not predict cGVHD occurring within the next 3 months with clinically relevant sensitivity/specificity.
      Title: Murine chronic graft-versus-host disease proteome profiling discovers CCL15 as a novel biomarker in patients.
    6. CCL15 secreted from SMAD4-deficient xenografted human colorectal cancer cells recruited CCR1(+) cells, promoting their metastatic activities to the lung. Lung metastases from colorectal cancer patients revealed that CCL15 expression correlated with loss of SMAD4. CCL15-positive metastases recruited approximately 1.9 times more numbers of CCR1(+) cells than CCL15-negative metastases.
      Title: Loss of SMAD4 Promotes Lung Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer by Accumulation of CCR1+ Tumor-Associated Neutrophils through CCL15-CCR1 Axis.
    7. CCL15 activation of CCR1 plays critical roles in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis.
      Title: CCL15/CCR1 axis is involved in hepatocellular carcinoma cells migration and invasion.
    8. Orthotopic animal models of HCC were established to investigate the role of CCL15 in hMSCs migration toward HCC in vivo. Both histological and flow cytometric analysis showed that significantly fewer hMSCs localized within 97H-CCL15-shRNA xenografts compared with 97H-green fluorescent protein xenografts after intravenous delivery
      Title: Chemokine CCL15 Mediates Migration of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Toward Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
    9. Loss of SMAD4 was significantly associated with CCL15 expression.
      Title: Loss of SMAD4 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression by Accumulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells through the CCL15-CCR1 Chemokine Axis.
    10. follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) might induce tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration by producing CCL15. Measurement of TAMs and CCL15 in follicular thyroid lesions may be applied clinically to differentiate FTC from follicular adenoma
      Title: Follicular thyroid carcinoma but not adenoma recruits tumor-associated macrophages by releasing CCL15.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (29)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env A synthetic peptide corresponding to the immunosuppressive domain (amino acids 574-592) of HIV-1 gp41 upregulates the expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15 (CCL15) in peptide-treated PBMCs PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Readthrough CCL15-CCL14

    Readthrough gene: CCL15-CCL14, Included gene: CCL14

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables CCR chemokine receptor binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables chemoattractant activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables chemokine activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables heparin binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables signaling receptor binding TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cell-cell signaling TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in chemokine-mediated signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in chemotaxis TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in eosinophil chemotaxis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in inflammatory response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in intracellular calcium ion homeostasis TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive chemotaxis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of cell migration IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    C-C motif chemokine 15
    Names
    chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15
    chemokine CC-2
    leukotactin 1
    macrophage inflammatory protein 5
    new CC chemokine 3
    small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys-Cys), member 15
    small-inducible cytokine A15

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_032965.6 → NP_116741.2  C-C motif chemokine 15 preproprotein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_116741.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AI244164, BX098368
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS11304.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RU34, E1P651, Q16663, Q9UM74
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0B4J2E2, A0A8I5JUL6
      Related
      ENSP00000484078.1, ENST00000617897.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00199
      Location:52 → 108
      SCY; Intercrine alpha family (small cytokine C-X-C) (chemokine CXC)

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      35997582..36001553 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Reference GRCh38.p14 ALT_REF_LOCI_1

    Genomic

    1. NT_187614.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 ALT_REF_LOCI_1

      Range
      232146..236120 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060941.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      36945485..36949456 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_004167.4: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_004167.4: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.

    2. NM_032964.3: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_032964.3: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q16663.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q16663

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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