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Childhood onset GLUT1 deficiency syndrome 2

Synonyms
Dystonia 18; GLUT1 deficiency syndrome 2; PAROXYSMAL EXERCISE-INDUCED DYSKINESIA WITH OR WITHOUT EPILEPSY AND/OR HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; PAROXYSMAL EXERTION-INDUCED DYSTONIA WITH OR WITHOUT EPILEPSY AND/OR HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; PED WITH OR WITHOUT EPILEPSY AND/OR HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; Paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia; Paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia; PxMD-SLC2A1
Modes of inheritance
Autosomal dominant inheritance (Orphanet)
Not genetically inherited (Orphanet)

Summary

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Glucose Transporter Type 1 Deficiency Syndrome
The phenotypic spectrum of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS) is now known to be a continuum that includes the classic phenotype as well as paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia and epilepsy (previously known as dystonia 18 [DYT18]) and paroxysmal choreoathetosis with spasticity (previously known as dystonia 9 [DYT9]), atypical childhood absence epilepsy, myoclonic astatic epilepsy, and paroxysmal non-epileptic findings including intermittent ataxia, choreoathetosis, dystonia, and alternating hemiplegia. The classic phenotype is characterized by infantile-onset seizures, delayed neurologic development, acquired microcephaly, and complex movement disorders. Seizures in classic early-onset Glut1 DS begin before age six months. Several seizure types occur: generalized tonic or clonic, focal, myoclonic, atypical absence, atonic, and unclassified. In some infants, apneic episodes and abnormal episodic eye-head movements similar to opsoclonus may precede the onset of seizures. The frequency, severity, and type of seizures vary among affected individuals and are not related to disease severity. Cognitive impairment, ranging from learning disabilities to severe intellectual disability, is typical. The complex movement disorder, characterized by ataxia, dystonia, and chorea, may occur in any combination and may be continuous, paroxysmal, or continual with fluctuations in severity influenced by environmental factors such as fasting or with infectious stress. Symptoms often improve substantially when a ketogenic diet is started.
Full text of GeneReview (by section):
Summary
GeneReview Scope
Diagnosis
Clinical Characteristics
Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders
Differential Diagnosis
Management
Genetic Counseling
Resources
Molecular Genetics
References
Chapter Notes
Authors:
Dong Wang
Juan M Pascual
Darryl De Vivo
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Available tests

91 tests are in the database for this condition.

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Clinical tests (91 available)

Molecular Genetics Tests

Genes See tests for all associated and related genes

  • Also known as: CSE, DYT17, DYT18, DYT9, EIG12, GLUT, GLUT-1, GLUT1, GLUT1DS, HTLVR, PED, SDCHCN, SLC2A1
    Summary: solute carrier family 2 member 1

Clinical features

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Imported from Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO)

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