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Hereditary attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

MedGen UID:
1004009
•Concept ID:
CN324066
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: HYPERACTIVITY OF CHILDHOOD
 
Genes (locations): DRD4 (11p15.5); DRD5 (4p16.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0100518
OMIM®: 143465

Definition

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood-onset behavioral disorder, affecting approximately 5 to 10% of children and adolescents (Wolraich et al., 1996). In this condition, persistent inattention and/or hyperactive-impulsive behavior results in impaired social and/or academic functioning. Boys are affected about 8 times more frequently than girls (Zametkin et al., 1990). Genetic Heterogeneity of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Susceptibility to ADHD7 (613003) is conferred by variation in the TPH2 gene (607478) on chromosome 12q21. ADHD8 (619957) is caused by mutation in the CDH2 gene (114020) on chromosome 18q12. Several loci for susceptibility to ADHD have been mapped, including ADHD1 (608903) on chromosome 16p13, ADHD2 (608904) on chromosome 17p11, ADHD3 (608905) on chromosome 6q12, ADHD4 (608906) on chromosome 5p13, ADHD5 (612311) on 2q21.1, and ADHD6 (612312) on 13q12.11. Also see MOLECULAR GENETICS. [from OMIM]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Transcription Factor Activating Protein-2β (TFAP-2β) genotype and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in relation to symptoms of depression in two independent samples.
Nilsson KW, Sonnby K, Nordquist N, Comasco E, Leppert J, Oreland L, Sjöberg RL
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014 Apr;23(4):207-17. Epub 2013 Jul 4 doi: 10.1007/s00787-013-0450-6. PMID: 23824473
Advances in understanding and treatment of Tourette syndrome.
McNaught KS, Mink JW
Nat Rev Neurol 2011 Nov 8;7(12):667-76. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2011.167. PMID: 22064610
Attention deficit disorder in college students: facts, fallacies, and treatment.
Faigel HC
J Am Coll Health 1995 Jan;43(4):147-55. doi: 10.1080/07448481.1995.9940467. PMID: 7860870

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Modifiable lifestyle factors influencing psychiatric disorders mediated by plasma proteins: A systemic Mendelian randomization study.
Chen Z, Wang X, Teng Z, Liu M, Liu F, Huang J, Liu Z
J Affect Disord 2024 Apr 1;350:582-589. Epub 2024 Jan 19 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.169. PMID: 38246286
The role of psychosocial adversity in the aetiology and course of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Gómez-Cano S, Zapata-Ospina JP, Arcos-Burgos M, Palacio-Ortiz JD
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2023 Jan-Mar;52(1):65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.02.007. PMID: 37085236
Prenatal risk factors and genetic causes of ADHD in children.
Kian N, Samieefar N, Rezaei N
World J Pediatr 2022 May;18(5):308-319. Epub 2022 Mar 2 doi: 10.1007/s12519-022-00524-6. PMID: 35235183
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Classification, diagnosis and therapy.
Sharma SR, Gonda X, Tarazi FI
Pharmacol Ther 2018 Oct;190:91-104. Epub 2018 May 12 doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.007. PMID: 29763648
Tourette syndrome: a hereditary neuropsychiatric spectrum disorder.
Comings DE
Ann Clin Psychiatry 1994 Dec;6(4):235-47. doi: 10.3109/10401239409149010. PMID: 7647833

Diagnosis

Autism Spectrum Disorder: Classification, diagnosis and therapy.
Sharma SR, Gonda X, Tarazi FI
Pharmacol Ther 2018 Oct;190:91-104. Epub 2018 May 12 doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.007. PMID: 29763648
Hypothesis III. Tourette syndrome is only one of several causes of a developmental basal ganglia syndrome.
Palumbo D, Maughan A, Kurlan R
Arch Neurol 1997 Apr;54(4):475-83. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1997.00550160101023. PMID: 9109750
Tourette's syndrome: a behavioral spectrum disorder.
Comings DE
Adv Neurol 1995;65:293-303. PMID: 7872148
Tourette syndrome: a hereditary neuropsychiatric spectrum disorder.
Comings DE
Ann Clin Psychiatry 1994 Dec;6(4):235-47. doi: 10.3109/10401239409149010. PMID: 7647833
The differential diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia.
Casey DE
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1981;291:71-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb02460.x. PMID: 6941630

Therapy

Modifiable lifestyle factors influencing psychiatric disorders mediated by plasma proteins: A systemic Mendelian randomization study.
Chen Z, Wang X, Teng Z, Liu M, Liu F, Huang J, Liu Z
J Affect Disord 2024 Apr 1;350:582-589. Epub 2024 Jan 19 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.169. PMID: 38246286
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Classification, diagnosis and therapy.
Sharma SR, Gonda X, Tarazi FI
Pharmacol Ther 2018 Oct;190:91-104. Epub 2018 May 12 doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.007. PMID: 29763648
Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents - assessment of adverse events in non-randomised studies.
Storebø OJ, Pedersen N, Ramstad E, Kielsholm ML, Nielsen SS, Krogh HB, Moreira-Maia CR, Magnusson FL, Holmskov M, Gerner T, Skoog M, Rosendal S, Groth C, Gillies D, Buch Rasmussen K, Gauci D, Zwi M, Kirubakaran R, Håkonsen SJ, Aagaard L, Simonsen E, Gluud C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 May 9;5(5):CD012069. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012069.pub2. PMID: 29744873Free PMC Article
Advances in understanding and treatment of Tourette syndrome.
McNaught KS, Mink JW
Nat Rev Neurol 2011 Nov 8;7(12):667-76. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2011.167. PMID: 22064610
Catecholamine dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an update.
Prince J
J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008 Jun;28(3 Suppl 2):S39-45. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e318174f92a. PMID: 18480676

Prognosis

The role of psychosocial adversity in the aetiology and course of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Gómez-Cano S, Zapata-Ospina JP, Arcos-Burgos M, Palacio-Ortiz JD
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2023 Jan-Mar;52(1):65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.02.007. PMID: 37085236
Examining the autistic traits in children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and their parents.
Okyar E, Görker I
BMC Psychiatry 2020 Jun 5;20(1):285. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02703-z. PMID: 32503560Free PMC Article
Tyrosinemia Type 1 and symptoms of ADHD: Biochemical mechanisms and implications for treatment and prognosis.
Barone H, Bliksrud YT, Elgen IB, Szigetvari PD, Kleppe R, Ghorbani S, Hansen EV, Haavik J
Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020 Mar;183(2):95-105. Epub 2019 Oct 21 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32764. PMID: 31633311
Joint hypermobility and the heritable disorders of connective tissue: clinical and empirical evidence of links with psychiatry.
Baeza-Velasco C, Pailhez G, Bulbena A, Baghdadli A
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2015 Jan-Feb;37(1):24-30. Epub 2014 Oct 16 doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.10.002. PMID: 25459977
The differential diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia.
Casey DE
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1981;291:71-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb02460.x. PMID: 6941630

Clinical prediction guides

Examining the autistic traits in children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and their parents.
Okyar E, Görker I
BMC Psychiatry 2020 Jun 5;20(1):285. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02703-z. PMID: 32503560Free PMC Article
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Classification, diagnosis and therapy.
Sharma SR, Gonda X, Tarazi FI
Pharmacol Ther 2018 Oct;190:91-104. Epub 2018 May 12 doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.007. PMID: 29763648
Boys with fragile X syndrome: investigating temperament in early childhood.
Low Kapalu CM, Gartstein MA
J Intellect Disabil Res 2016 Sep;60(9):891-900. Epub 2016 Jun 19 doi: 10.1111/jir.12304. PMID: 27321588
Strategy use, planning, and rule acquisition deficits in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 patients.
Vaca-Palomares I, Díaz R, Rodríguez-Labrada R, Medrano-Montero J, Aguilera-Rodríguez R, Vázquez-Mojena Y, Fernandez-Ruiz J, Velázquez-Pérez L
J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2015 Mar;21(3):214-20. Epub 2015 Mar 23 doi: 10.1017/S1355617715000132. PMID: 25796959
Annotation: Deconstructing the attention deficit in fragile X syndrome: a developmental neuropsychological approach.
Cornish KM, Turk J, Wilding J, Sudhalter V, Munir F, Kooy F, Hagerman R
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2004 Sep;45(6):1042-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00297.x. PMID: 15257661

Recent systematic reviews

Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents - assessment of adverse events in non-randomised studies.
Storebø OJ, Pedersen N, Ramstad E, Kielsholm ML, Nielsen SS, Krogh HB, Moreira-Maia CR, Magnusson FL, Holmskov M, Gerner T, Skoog M, Rosendal S, Groth C, Gillies D, Buch Rasmussen K, Gauci D, Zwi M, Kirubakaran R, Håkonsen SJ, Aagaard L, Simonsen E, Gluud C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 May 9;5(5):CD012069. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012069.pub2. PMID: 29744873Free PMC Article

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