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Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

MedGen UID:
10320
•Concept ID:
C0027849
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndromes; NMS (Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome); NMSs (Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome); Syndrome, Neuroleptic Malignant; Syndromes, Neuroleptic Malignant
SNOMED CT: Malignant neuroleptic syndrome (15244003); NMS - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (15244003); Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (15244003)
Modes of inheritance:
Unknown inheritance
MedGen UID:
989040
•Concept ID:
CN307042
•
Finding
Source: Orphanet
Hereditary clinical entity whose mode of inheritance is unknown.
See: This record
Unknown inheritance (Orphanet)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0019790
Orphanet: ORPHA94093

Definition

A rare neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with administration of antipsychotic or other central dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists, and characterized by hyperthermia, muscular rigidity, autonomic dysfunction and altered consciousness. [from ORDO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management.
Ware MR, Feller DB, Hall KL
Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2018 Jan 4;20(1) doi: 10.4088/PCC.17r02185. PMID: 29325237
Catatonia: diagnosis, classification, and treatment.
Francis A
Curr Psychiatry Rep 2010 Jun;12(3):180-5. doi: 10.1007/s11920-010-0113-y. PMID: 20425278
Catatonia and its treatment.
Rosebush PI, Mazurek MF
Schizophr Bull 2010 Mar;36(2):239-42. Epub 2009 Dec 7 doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbp141. PMID: 19969591Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

High risk and low prevalence diseases: Serotonin syndrome.
Spadaro A, Scott KR, Koyfman A, Long B
Am J Emerg Med 2022 Nov;61:90-97. Epub 2022 Aug 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.08.030. PMID: 36057215
Intravenous haloperidol: A systematic review of side effects and recommendations for clinical use.
Beach SR, Gross AF, Hartney KE, Taylor JB, Rundell JR
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2020 Nov-Dec;67:42-50. Epub 2020 Aug 22 doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.08.008. PMID: 32979582
The psychopharmacology of catatonia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, and dystonia.
Sienaert P, van Harten P, Rhebergen D
Handb Clin Neurol 2019;165:415-428. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64012-3.00025-3. PMID: 31727227
Movement Disorders Emergencies.
Rajan S, Kaas B, Moukheiber E
Semin Neurol 2019 Feb;39(1):125-136. Epub 2019 Feb 11 doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1677050. PMID: 30743298
Serotonin syndrome vs neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a contrast of causes, diagnoses, and management.
Perry PJ, Wilborn CA
Ann Clin Psychiatry 2012 May;24(2):155-62. PMID: 22563571

Diagnosis

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and serotonin syndrome.
Tormoehlen LM, Rusyniak DE
Handb Clin Neurol 2018;157:663-675. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64074-1.00039-2. PMID: 30459031
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management.
Ware MR, Feller DB, Hall KL
Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2018 Jan 4;20(1) doi: 10.4088/PCC.17r02185. PMID: 29325237
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome.
Pileggi DJ, Cook AM
Ann Pharmacother 2016 Nov;50(11):973-981. Epub 2016 Jul 19 doi: 10.1177/1060028016657553. PMID: 27423483
Serotonin syndrome vs neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a contrast of causes, diagnoses, and management.
Perry PJ, Wilborn CA
Ann Clin Psychiatry 2012 May;24(2):155-62. PMID: 22563571
Catatonia: diagnosis, classification, and treatment.
Francis A
Curr Psychiatry Rep 2010 Jun;12(3):180-5. doi: 10.1007/s11920-010-0113-y. PMID: 20425278

Therapy

Atypical Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: Case Reports and Diagnostic Challenges.
Szota AM, Radajewska I, Araszkiewicz AS
J Psychoactive Drugs 2022 Jul-Aug;54(3):284-293. Epub 2021 Aug 2 doi: 10.1080/02791072.2021.1957188. PMID: 34340640
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome.
Pileggi DJ, Cook AM
Ann Pharmacother 2016 Nov;50(11):973-981. Epub 2016 Jul 19 doi: 10.1177/1060028016657553. PMID: 27423483
Serotonin syndrome vs neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a contrast of causes, diagnoses, and management.
Perry PJ, Wilborn CA
Ann Clin Psychiatry 2012 May;24(2):155-62. PMID: 22563571
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Moscovich M, Nóvak FT, Fernandes AF, Bruch T, Tomelin T, Nóvak EM, Munhoz RP, Teive HA
Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2011 Oct;69(5):751-5. doi: 10.1590/s0004-282x2011000600005. PMID: 22042175
Catatonia: diagnosis, classification, and treatment.
Francis A
Curr Psychiatry Rep 2010 Jun;12(3):180-5. doi: 10.1007/s11920-010-0113-y. PMID: 20425278

Prognosis

A systematic review and pooled, patient-level analysis of predictors of mortality in neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Guinart D, Misawa F, Rubio JM, Pereira J, de Filippis R, Gastaldon C, Kane JM, Correll CU
Acta Psychiatr Scand 2021 Oct;144(4):329-341. Epub 2021 Aug 25 doi: 10.1111/acps.13359. PMID: 34358327
Encephalitis associated with antibodies against the NMDA receptor.
Guasp M, Dalmau J
Med Clin (Barc) 2018 Jul 23;151(2):71-79. Epub 2017 Nov 26 doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.10.015. PMID: 29183618
Pyrexia: aetiology in the ICU.
Niven DJ, Laupland KB
Crit Care 2016 Sep 1;20(1):247. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1406-2. PMID: 27581757Free PMC Article
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: A Review from a Clinically Oriented Perspective.
Tse L, Barr AM, Scarapicchia V, Vila-Rodriguez F
Curr Neuropharmacol 2015;13(3):395-406. doi: 10.2174/1570159x13999150424113345. PMID: 26411967Free PMC Article
Rhabdomyolysis: an evaluation of 475 hospitalized patients.
Melli G, Chaudhry V, Cornblath DR
Medicine (Baltimore) 2005 Nov;84(6):377-385. doi: 10.1097/01.md.0000188565.48918.41. PMID: 16267412

Clinical prediction guides

Evidence-based consensus guidelines for the management of catatonia: Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology.
Rogers JP, Oldham MA, Fricchione G, Northoff G, Ellen Wilson J, Mann SC, Francis A, Wieck A, Elizabeth Wachtel L, Lewis G, Grover S, Hirjak D, Ahuja N, Zandi MS, Young AH, Fone K, Andrews S, Kessler D, Saifee T, Gee S, Baldwin DS, David AS
J Psychopharmacol 2023 Apr;37(4):327-369. Epub 2023 Apr 11 doi: 10.1177/02698811231158232. PMID: 37039129Free PMC Article
Antipsychotics for schizophrenia spectrum disorders with catatonic symptoms.
Huang MW, Gibson RC, Jayaram MB, Caroff SN
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Jul 12;7(7):CD013100. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013100.pub2. PMID: 35844143Free PMC Article
A systematic review and pooled, patient-level analysis of predictors of mortality in neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Guinart D, Misawa F, Rubio JM, Pereira J, de Filippis R, Gastaldon C, Kane JM, Correll CU
Acta Psychiatr Scand 2021 Oct;144(4):329-341. Epub 2021 Aug 25 doi: 10.1111/acps.13359. PMID: 34358327
Encephalitis associated with antibodies against the NMDA receptor.
Guasp M, Dalmau J
Med Clin (Barc) 2018 Jul 23;151(2):71-79. Epub 2017 Nov 26 doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.10.015. PMID: 29183618
Pyrexia: aetiology in the ICU.
Niven DJ, Laupland KB
Crit Care 2016 Sep 1;20(1):247. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1406-2. PMID: 27581757Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

A systematic review of modified electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to treat delirium.
Lupke K, Warren N, Teodorczuk A, Steele S, Kolur U, Wand A, Robinson G, Parker S
Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023 May;147(5):403-419. Epub 2022 Sep 15 doi: 10.1111/acps.13492. PMID: 35996219
Antipsychotics for schizophrenia spectrum disorders with catatonic symptoms.
Huang MW, Gibson RC, Jayaram MB, Caroff SN
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Jul 12;7(7):CD013100. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013100.pub2. PMID: 35844143Free PMC Article
A systematic review and pooled, patient-level analysis of predictors of mortality in neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Guinart D, Misawa F, Rubio JM, Pereira J, de Filippis R, Gastaldon C, Kane JM, Correll CU
Acta Psychiatr Scand 2021 Oct;144(4):329-341. Epub 2021 Aug 25 doi: 10.1111/acps.13359. PMID: 34358327
Dose-dependent effects of antipsychotics on efficacy and adverse effects in schizophrenia.
Yoshida K, Takeuchi H
Behav Brain Res 2021 Mar 26;402:113098. Epub 2021 Jan 5 doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113098. PMID: 33417992
Intravenous haloperidol: A systematic review of side effects and recommendations for clinical use.
Beach SR, Gross AF, Hartney KE, Taylor JB, Rundell JR
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2020 Nov-Dec;67:42-50. Epub 2020 Aug 22 doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.08.008. PMID: 32979582

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