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Mammary blocked duct

MedGen UID:
1054863
•Concept ID:
CN376485
•
Finding
Synonyms: Galactocele; Lactation duct obstruction
 
HPO: HP:0430075

Definition

Blocked mammary ducts represent an area of localized milk stasis, typically associated with breast engorgement and resulting in a localized tender breast lump or area of blushed color; the breast may feel hot; and there may be a white, painful bleb on the end of the nipple. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVMammary blocked duct

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Salivary duct carcinoma: Updates in histology, cytology, molecular biology, and treatment.
Nakaguro M, Tada Y, Faquin WC, Sadow PM, Wirth LJ, Nagao T
Cancer Cytopathol 2020 Oct;128(10):693-703. Epub 2020 May 18 doi: 10.1002/cncy.22288. PMID: 32421944Free PMC Article
Imaging approaches to diagnosis and management of common ductal abnormalities.
Ferris-James DM, Iuanow E, Mehta TS, Shaheen RM, Slanetz PJ
Radiographics 2012 Jul-Aug;32(4):1009-30. doi: 10.1148/rg.324115150. PMID: 22786991

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Immunohistochemical Expression Of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (Her-2) In Common Salivary Gland Carcinomas.
Saeed Z, Zafar N, Ara N, Muneer S, Asif Z, Haroon A, Saeed Z
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2023 Apr-Jun;35(2):280-284. doi: 10.55519/JAMC-02-11647. PMID: 37422821
Maternal Risk Factors for Lactation Mastitis: A Meta-analysis.
Deng Y, Huang Y, Ning P, Ma SG, He PY, Wang Y
West J Nurs Res 2021 Jul;43(7):698-708. Epub 2020 Oct 22 doi: 10.1177/0193945920967674. PMID: 33089754
Routine histopathological examination after female-to-male gender-confirming mastectomy.
Van Renterghem SMJ, Van Dorpe J, Monstrey SJ, Defreyne J, Claes KEY, Praet M, Verbeke SLJ, T'Sjoen GGR, Van Bockstal MR
Br J Surg 2018 Jun;105(7):885-892. Epub 2018 Apr 5 doi: 10.1002/bjs.10794. PMID: 29623678
An update on the recognition and management of lactational breast inflammation.
Betzold CM
J Midwifery Womens Health 2007 Nov-Dec;52(6):595-605. doi: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2007.08.002. PMID: 17983997
Estrogens, progestogens, normal breast cell proliferation, and breast cancer risk.
Pike MC, Spicer DV, Dahmoush L, Press MF
Epidemiol Rev 1993;15(1):17-35. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036102. PMID: 8405201

Diagnosis

Salivary duct carcinoma: Updates in histology, cytology, molecular biology, and treatment.
Nakaguro M, Tada Y, Faquin WC, Sadow PM, Wirth LJ, Nagao T
Cancer Cytopathol 2020 Oct;128(10):693-703. Epub 2020 May 18 doi: 10.1002/cncy.22288. PMID: 32421944Free PMC Article
Breast pain in lactating mothers.
Leung SS
Hong Kong Med J 2016 Aug;22(4):341-6. Epub 2016 Jun 17 doi: 10.12809/hkmj154762. PMID: 27313273
Imaging approaches to diagnosis and management of common ductal abnormalities.
Ferris-James DM, Iuanow E, Mehta TS, Shaheen RM, Slanetz PJ
Radiographics 2012 Jul-Aug;32(4):1009-30. doi: 10.1148/rg.324115150. PMID: 22786991
An update on the recognition and management of lactational breast inflammation.
Betzold CM
J Midwifery Womens Health 2007 Nov-Dec;52(6):595-605. doi: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2007.08.002. PMID: 17983997
Risk factors for lactation mastitis.
Fetherston C
J Hum Lact 1998 Jun;14(2):101-9. doi: 10.1177/089033449801400209. PMID: 9775842

Therapy

Maternal Risk Factors for Lactation Mastitis: A Meta-analysis.
Deng Y, Huang Y, Ning P, Ma SG, He PY, Wang Y
West J Nurs Res 2021 Jul;43(7):698-708. Epub 2020 Oct 22 doi: 10.1177/0193945920967674. PMID: 33089754
Therapeutic Breast Massage in Lactation for the Management of Engorgement, Plugged Ducts, and Mastitis.
Witt AM, Bolman M, Kredit S, Vanic A
J Hum Lact 2016 Feb;32(1):123-31. Epub 2015 Dec 7 doi: 10.1177/0890334415619439. PMID: 26644422
Tremelimumab-associated tumor regression following after initial progression: two case reports.
Shimomura A, Fujiwara Y, Kondo S, Kodaira M, Iwasa S, Kitano S, Tanabe Y, Tamura K, Yamamoto N
Immunotherapy 2016;8(1):9-15. Epub 2015 Oct 2 doi: 10.2217/imt.15.89. PMID: 26427600
Sclerosing canaliculitis after 5-fluorouracil breast cancer chemotherapy.
Lee V, Bentley CR, Olver JM
Eye (Lond) 1998;12 ( Pt 3a):343-9. doi: 10.1038/eye.1998.83. PMID: 9775228
Too much of a good thing. Maternal and infant hyperlactation syndromes.
Livingstone V
Can Fam Physician 1996 Jan;42:89-99. PMID: 8924818Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Salivary duct carcinoma: Updates in histology, cytology, molecular biology, and treatment.
Nakaguro M, Tada Y, Faquin WC, Sadow PM, Wirth LJ, Nagao T
Cancer Cytopathol 2020 Oct;128(10):693-703. Epub 2020 May 18 doi: 10.1002/cncy.22288. PMID: 32421944Free PMC Article
Differential expression of hormonal and growth factor receptors in salivary duct carcinomas: biologic significance and potential role in therapeutic stratification of patients.
Williams MD, Roberts D, Blumenschein GR Jr, Temam S, Kies MS, Rosenthal DI, Weber RS, El-Naggar AK
Am J Surg Pathol 2007 Nov;31(11):1645-52. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3180caa099. PMID: 18059220
DNA replication licensing and cell cycle kinetics of normal and neoplastic breast.
Shetty A, Loddo M, Fanshawe T, Prevost AT, Sainsbury R, Williams GH, Stoeber K
Br J Cancer 2005 Nov 28;93(11):1295-300. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602829. PMID: 16278669Free PMC Article
Ductoscopy-assisted microdochectomy.
Escobar PF, Baynes D, Crowe JP
Int J Fertil Womens Med 2004 Sep-Oct;49(5):222-4. PMID: 15633479
Risk factors for lactation mastitis.
Fetherston C
J Hum Lact 1998 Jun;14(2):101-9. doi: 10.1177/089033449801400209. PMID: 9775842

Clinical prediction guides

Mammary epithelial tubes elongate through MAPK-dependent coordination of cell migration.
Huebner RJ, Neumann NM, Ewald AJ
Development 2016 Mar 15;143(6):983-93. Epub 2016 Feb 2 doi: 10.1242/dev.127944. PMID: 26839364Free PMC Article
Breast duct anatomy in the human nipple: three-dimensional patterns and clinical implications.
Rusby JE, Brachtel EF, Michaelson JS, Koerner FC, Smith BL
Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007 Dec;106(2):171-9. Epub 2007 Jan 13 doi: 10.1007/s10549-006-9487-2. PMID: 17221150
Ductoscopy-assisted microdochectomy.
Escobar PF, Baynes D, Crowe JP
Int J Fertil Womens Med 2004 Sep-Oct;49(5):222-4. PMID: 15633479
Abnormal regulation of the oestrogen receptor in benign breast lesions.
Shoker BS, Jarvis C, Clarke RB, Anderson E, Munro C, Davies MP, Sibson DR, Sloane JP
J Clin Pathol 2000 Oct;53(10):778-83. doi: 10.1136/jcp.53.10.778. PMID: 11064673Free PMC Article
Risk factors for lactation mastitis.
Fetherston C
J Hum Lact 1998 Jun;14(2):101-9. doi: 10.1177/089033449801400209. PMID: 9775842

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