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Phantom limb

MedGen UID:
10686
Concept ID:
C0031315
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Limb, Phantom; Limbs, Phantom; Phantom Limb; Phantom Limbs; Phantom Sensation; Phantom Sensations; Pseudomelia; Pseudomelias; Sensation, Phantom; Sensations, Phantom
SNOMED CT: Phantom limb (193114000); Phantom limb syndrome (193114000); FLS - Phantom limb syndrome (193114000); PLS - Phantom limb syndrome (193114000)

Definition

Persistent postural and motor experiences of the limb after physical loss. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPhantom limb

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Culp CJ, Abdi S
Pain Physician 2022 Oct;25(7):E941-E957. PMID: 36288580
Modest JM, Raducha JE, Testa EJ, Eberson CP
R I Med J (2013) 2020 May 1;103(4):19-22. PMID: 32357588
Flor H
Lancet Neurol 2002 Jul;1(3):182-9. doi: 10.1016/s1474-4422(02)00074-1. PMID: 12849487

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Guémann M, Olié E, Raquin L, Courtet P, Risch N
Eur J Pain 2023 Jan;27(1):3-13. Epub 2022 Sep 19 doi: 10.1002/ejp.2035. PMID: 36094758Free PMC Article
Xie HM, Zhang KX, Wang S, Wang N, Wang N, Li X, Huang LP
Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2022 May;103(5):988-997. Epub 2021 Aug 28 doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.07.810. PMID: 34461084
Anaforoğlu Külünkoğlu B, Erbahçeci F, Alkan A
Turk J Med Sci 2019 Feb 11;49(1):101-109. doi: 10.3906/sag-1712-166. PMID: 30762318Free PMC Article
Isaacs-Itua A, Sedki I
Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2018 Apr 2;79(4):205-210. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2018.79.4.205. PMID: 29620980
Alviar MJ, Hale T, Dungca M
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Oct 14;10(10):CD006380. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006380.pub3. PMID: 27737513Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Culp CJ, Abdi S
Pain Physician 2022 Oct;25(7):E941-E957. PMID: 36288580
Siclari F, Valli K, Arnulf I
Lancet Neurol 2020 Oct;19(10):849-859. Epub 2020 Sep 16 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30275-1. PMID: 32949545
Urits I, Seifert D, Seats A, Giacomazzi S, Kipp M, Orhurhu V, Kaye AD, Viswanath O
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2019 Jul 29;23(9):64. doi: 10.1007/s11916-019-0802-0. PMID: 31359171
Dumanian GA, Potter BK, Mioton LM, Ko JH, Cheesborough JE, Souza JM, Ertl WJ, Tintle SM, Nanos GP, Valerio IL, Kuiken TA, Apkarian AV, Porter K, Jordan SW
Ann Surg 2019 Aug;270(2):238-246. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003088. PMID: 30371518
Rothgangel A, Braun S, Winkens B, Beurskens A, Smeets R
Clin Rehabil 2018 Dec;32(12):1591-1608. Epub 2018 Jul 16 doi: 10.1177/0269215518785948. PMID: 30012007

Therapy

Campo-Prieto P, Rodríguez-Fuentes G
Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2022 Oct;37(8):668-681. Epub 2020 Sep 19 doi: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.08.005. PMID: 36195376
Xie HM, Zhang KX, Wang S, Wang N, Wang N, Li X, Huang LP
Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2022 May;103(5):988-997. Epub 2021 Aug 28 doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.07.810. PMID: 34461084
Modest JM, Raducha JE, Testa EJ, Eberson CP
R I Med J (2013) 2020 May 1;103(4):19-22. PMID: 32357588
Urits I, Seifert D, Seats A, Giacomazzi S, Kipp M, Orhurhu V, Kaye AD, Viswanath O
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2019 Jul 29;23(9):64. doi: 10.1007/s11916-019-0802-0. PMID: 31359171
Aternali A, Katz J
F1000Res 2019;8 Epub 2019 Jul 23 doi: 10.12688/f1000research.19355.1. PMID: 31354940Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Dumanian GA, Potter BK, Mioton LM, Ko JH, Cheesborough JE, Souza JM, Ertl WJ, Tintle SM, Nanos GP, Valerio IL, Kuiken TA, Apkarian AV, Porter K, Jordan SW
Ann Surg 2019 Aug;270(2):238-246. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003088. PMID: 30371518
Wittkopf PG, Johnson MI
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2017 Nov;63(11):1000-1005. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.63.11.1000. PMID: 29451665
Tilak M, Isaac SA, Fletcher J, Vasanthan LT, Subbaiah RS, Babu A, Bhide R, Tharion G
Physiother Res Int 2016 Jun;21(2):109-15. Epub 2015 Apr 1 doi: 10.1002/pri.1626. PMID: 25832306
Brasić JR
Percept Mot Skills 1998 Jun;86(3 Pt 1):851-77. doi: 10.2466/pms.1998.86.3.851. PMID: 9656280
Esquenazi A
Clin Geriatr Med 1993 Nov;9(4):731-43. PMID: 8281502

Clinical prediction guides

Xie HM, Zhang KX, Wang S, Wang N, Wang N, Li X, Huang LP
Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2022 May;103(5):988-997. Epub 2021 Aug 28 doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.07.810. PMID: 34461084
Zaheer A, Malik AN, Masood T, Fatima S
BMC Neurol 2021 Oct 27;21(1):416. doi: 10.1186/s12883-021-02441-z. PMID: 34706654Free PMC Article
Anaforoğlu Külünkoğlu B, Erbahçeci F, Alkan A
Turk J Med Sci 2019 Feb 11;49(1):101-109. doi: 10.3906/sag-1712-166. PMID: 30762318Free PMC Article
Herrador Colmenero L, Perez Marmol JM, Martí-García C, Querol Zaldivar MLÁ, Tapia Haro RM, Castro Sánchez AM, Aguilar-Ferrándiz ME
Prosthet Orthot Int 2018 Jun;42(3):288-298. Epub 2017 Nov 20 doi: 10.1177/0309364617740230. PMID: 29153043
Alviar MJ, Hale T, Dungca M
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Oct 14;10(10):CD006380. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006380.pub3. PMID: 27737513Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Guémann M, Olié E, Raquin L, Courtet P, Risch N
Eur J Pain 2023 Jan;27(1):3-13. Epub 2022 Sep 19 doi: 10.1002/ejp.2035. PMID: 36094758Free PMC Article
Xie HM, Zhang KX, Wang S, Wang N, Wang N, Li X, Huang LP
Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2022 May;103(5):988-997. Epub 2021 Aug 28 doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.07.810. PMID: 34461084
Alviar MJ, Hale T, Dungca M
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Oct 14;10(10):CD006380. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006380.pub3. PMID: 27737513Free PMC Article
Barbin J, Seetha V, Casillas JM, Paysant J, Pérennou D
Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2016 Sep;59(4):270-5. Epub 2016 May 30 doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2016.04.001. PMID: 27256539
Carey SL, Lura DJ, Highsmith MJ; CP; FAAOP
J Rehabil Res Dev 2015;52(3):247-62. doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2014.08.0192. PMID: 26230500

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