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Acute perforated appendicitis

MedGen UID:
107881
•Concept ID:
C0564755
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Acute Perforated Appendicitis
SNOMED CT: Acute perforated appendicitis (286967008)

Definition

Acute appendicitis with gangrenous changes resulting in the rupture of the appendiceal wall. The appendiceal wall rupture causes the release of inflammatory and bacterial contents from the appendiceal lumen into the abdominal cavity. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAcute perforated appendicitis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Post-operative management of perforated appendicitis: Can clinical pathways improve outcomes?
Gerard RR, Kielhorn BA, Petersen B, Mullard AJ, McCahill LE
Am J Surg 2018 Apr;215(4):593-598. Epub 2017 Jun 10 doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.06.003. PMID: 28629607
Should the non-operative management of appendicitis be the new standard of care?
Gandy RC, Wang F
ANZ J Surg 2016 Apr;86(4):228-31. Epub 2016 Mar 17 doi: 10.1111/ans.13506. PMID: 26991357
The role of d-lactate in differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
Filiz AI, Aladag H, Akin ML, Sucullu I, Kurt Y, Yucel E, Uluutku AH
J Invest Surg 2010 Aug;23(4):218-23. doi: 10.3109/08941931003596877. PMID: 20690847

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Neutrophilic-lymphocytes and platelet-lymphocytes ratios as predictors for acute perforated appendicitis in children.
Cruz-Vallejo RN, Quispe-Zaga E, Nieto-Gutiérrez W
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2021;78(6):557-564. doi: 10.24875/BMHIM.21000057. PMID: 34934218
Reducing Piperacillin and Tazobactam Use for Pediatric Perforated Appendicitis.
Seddik TB, Rabsatt LA, Mueller C, Bassett HK, Contopoulos-Ioannidis D, Bio LL, Anderson VD, Schwenk HT
J Surg Res 2021 Apr;260:141-148. Epub 2020 Dec 16 doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.11.067. PMID: 33340867
Acute perforated appendicitis in adults: Management and complications in Lagos, Nigeria.
Balogun OS, Osinowo A, Afolayan M, Olajide T, Lawal A, Adesanya A
Ann Afr Med 2019 Jan-Mar;18(1):36-41. doi: 10.4103/aam.aam_11_18. PMID: 30729931Free PMC Article
Minimally Invasive Treatment for Appendiceal Mass Formed After Acute Perforated Appendicitis.
Zerem E, Kunosić S, Handanagić A, Jahić D, Zerem D, Zerem O
Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2017 Jun;27(3):132-138. doi: 10.1097/SLE.0000000000000404. PMID: 28414702
Appendicitis in pregnancy.
Tracey M, Fletcher HS
Am Surg 2000 Jun;66(6):555-9; discussion 559-60. PMID: 10888131

Diagnosis

Neutrophilic-lymphocytes and platelet-lymphocytes ratios as predictors for acute perforated appendicitis in children.
Cruz-Vallejo RN, Quispe-Zaga E, Nieto-Gutiérrez W
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2021;78(6):557-564. doi: 10.24875/BMHIM.21000057. PMID: 34934218
Acute perforated appendicitis in adults: Management and complications in Lagos, Nigeria.
Balogun OS, Osinowo A, Afolayan M, Olajide T, Lawal A, Adesanya A
Ann Afr Med 2019 Jan-Mar;18(1):36-41. doi: 10.4103/aam.aam_11_18. PMID: 30729931Free PMC Article
Minimally Invasive Treatment for Appendiceal Mass Formed After Acute Perforated Appendicitis.
Zerem E, Kunosić S, Handanagić A, Jahić D, Zerem D, Zerem O
Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2017 Jun;27(3):132-138. doi: 10.1097/SLE.0000000000000404. PMID: 28414702
Appendicitis in pregnancy.
Tracey M, Fletcher HS
Am Surg 2000 Jun;66(6):555-9; discussion 559-60. PMID: 10888131
ACUTE APPENDICITIS.
WEINSTEIN EC
Calif Med 1965 Jun;102(6):416-9. PMID: 14298868Free PMC Article

Therapy

Appendiceal adenocarcinoma, diagnosed after acute perforated appendicitis: Potential contribution of HIPEC.
Leiritz E, Rezai J, Wagner M, Bardier A, Therwath A, Pocard M
Eur J Surg Oncol 2024 Mar;50(3):107959. Epub 2024 Jan 19 doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.107959. PMID: 38340494
Presurgical time and associated factors as predictors of acute perforated appendicitis: a prospective cohort study in a teaching pediatric hospital in Colombia.
Castro P, Rincón J, Sánchez C, Molina I, Buitrago G
BMC Pediatr 2022 Jan 20;22(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03121-8. PMID: 35057783Free PMC Article
Reducing Piperacillin and Tazobactam Use for Pediatric Perforated Appendicitis.
Seddik TB, Rabsatt LA, Mueller C, Bassett HK, Contopoulos-Ioannidis D, Bio LL, Anderson VD, Schwenk HT
J Surg Res 2021 Apr;260:141-148. Epub 2020 Dec 16 doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.11.067. PMID: 33340867
Treatment of suspected acute perforated appendicitis with antibiotics and interval appendectomy.
Nazarey PP, Stylianos S, Velis E, Triana J, Diana-Zerpa J, Pasaron R, Stylianos V, Malvezzi L, Knight C, Burnweit C
J Pediatr Surg 2014 Mar;49(3):447-50. Epub 2013 Oct 9 doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.10.001. PMID: 24650475
Oral antibiotics for perforated appendicitis is not recommended.
Alamili M, Gögenur I, Rosenberg J
Dan Med Bull 2010 Sep;57(9):A4177. PMID: 20816017

Prognosis

Laboratory markers used in the prediction of perforation in acute appendicitis.
Patmano M, Çetin DA, Gümüş T
Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2022 Jul;28(7):960-966. doi: 10.14744/tjtes.2021.83364. PMID: 35775680Free PMC Article
Presurgical time and associated factors as predictors of acute perforated appendicitis: a prospective cohort study in a teaching pediatric hospital in Colombia.
Castro P, Rincón J, Sánchez C, Molina I, Buitrago G
BMC Pediatr 2022 Jan 20;22(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03121-8. PMID: 35057783Free PMC Article
Neutrophilic-lymphocytes and platelet-lymphocytes ratios as predictors for acute perforated appendicitis in children.
Cruz-Vallejo RN, Quispe-Zaga E, Nieto-Gutiérrez W
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2021;78(6):557-564. doi: 10.24875/BMHIM.21000057. PMID: 34934218
Reducing Piperacillin and Tazobactam Use for Pediatric Perforated Appendicitis.
Seddik TB, Rabsatt LA, Mueller C, Bassett HK, Contopoulos-Ioannidis D, Bio LL, Anderson VD, Schwenk HT
J Surg Res 2021 Apr;260:141-148. Epub 2020 Dec 16 doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.11.067. PMID: 33340867
ACUTE APPENDICITIS.
WEINSTEIN EC
Calif Med 1965 Jun;102(6):416-9. PMID: 14298868Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Laboratory markers used in the prediction of perforation in acute appendicitis.
Patmano M, Çetin DA, Gümüş T
Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2022 Jul;28(7):960-966. doi: 10.14744/tjtes.2021.83364. PMID: 35775680Free PMC Article
Neutrophilic-lymphocytes and platelet-lymphocytes ratios as predictors for acute perforated appendicitis in children.
Cruz-Vallejo RN, Quispe-Zaga E, Nieto-Gutiérrez W
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2021;78(6):557-564. doi: 10.24875/BMHIM.21000057. PMID: 34934218
Acute perforated appendicitis in adults: Management and complications in Lagos, Nigeria.
Balogun OS, Osinowo A, Afolayan M, Olajide T, Lawal A, Adesanya A
Ann Afr Med 2019 Jan-Mar;18(1):36-41. doi: 10.4103/aam.aam_11_18. PMID: 30729931Free PMC Article
Minimally Invasive Treatment for Appendiceal Mass Formed After Acute Perforated Appendicitis.
Zerem E, Kunosić S, Handanagić A, Jahić D, Zerem D, Zerem O
Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2017 Jun;27(3):132-138. doi: 10.1097/SLE.0000000000000404. PMID: 28414702
ACUTE APPENDICITIS.
WEINSTEIN EC
Calif Med 1965 Jun;102(6):416-9. PMID: 14298868Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Hyperbilirubinaemia alone cannot distinguish a perforation in acute appendicitis.
Silva FR, da Rosa MI, Silva BR, Simon C, Alexandre MC, Medeiros LR, Bitencourt FS, dos Reis ME
ANZ J Surg 2016 Apr;86(4):255-9. Epub 2015 Feb 2 doi: 10.1111/ans.12989. PMID: 25645202

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