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Abnormal superior oblique muscle physiology

MedGen UID:
1631338
•Concept ID:
C4703402
•
Disease or Syndrome
HPO: HP:0025591

Definition

A functional anomaly of the superior oblique muscle, a fusiform muscle that originates in the upper, medial side of the orbit. The superior oblique muscle abducts, depresses and internally rotates the eye, and is the only extraocular muscle innervated by the fourth cranial nerve. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Phenotype, genotype, and management of congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles type 1 in 16 Chinese families.
Chen M, Huang R, Zhang Y, Zhu DJ, Shu Q, Xun P, Zhang J, Gu P, Li L
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023 Mar;261(3):879-889. Epub 2022 Sep 23 doi: 10.1007/s00417-022-05830-3. PMID: 36138147Free PMC Article
The diagnosis and treatment of infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS).
Khanna S, Dell'Osso LF
ScientificWorldJournal 2006 Oct 30;6:1385-97. doi: 10.1100/tsw.2006.248. PMID: 17086344Free PMC Article
The diagnosis and treatment of bilateral masked superior oblique palsy.
Kushner BJ
Am J Ophthalmol 1988 Feb 15;105(2):186-94. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(88)90184-5. PMID: 3277437

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Repair of the Malpositioned Lower Lid.
Chan D, Sokoya M, Ducic Y
Facial Plast Surg 2017 Dec;33(6):598-605. Epub 2017 Dec 1 doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1608711. PMID: 29195240
Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders.
Singh A, Pandey PK, Agrawal A, Mittal SK, Rana KM, Bahuguna C
Int Ophthalmol 2017 Dec;37(6):1369-1381. Epub 2016 Nov 11 doi: 10.1007/s10792-016-0388-z. PMID: 27837354
Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Gurwood AS, Drake J
Optometry 2006 Nov;77(11):540-6. doi: 10.1016/j.optm.2006.06.014. PMID: 17145565
Ocular choristomas.
Mansour AM, Barber JC, Reinecke RD, Wang FM
Surv Ophthalmol 1989 Mar-Apr;33(5):339-58. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(89)90011-8. PMID: 2655139
Strabismus in childhood.
O'Neill JF
Pediatr Ann 1977 Feb;6(2):10-1, 15, 18-9 passim. doi: 10.3928/0090-4481-19770201-04. PMID: 834479

Diagnosis

Orbital Imaging in Strabismus.
Clark RA MD
J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2018 Jul-Sep;68(3):87-98. Epub 2018 Jul 6 doi: 10.1080/2576117X.2018.1486678. PMID: 30196787
Ophthalmoplegia and Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders.
Oystreck DT
J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2018 Jan-Mar;68(1):31-33. Epub 2018 Jan 31 doi: 10.1080/2576117X.2017.1416242. PMID: 30196776
Repair of the Malpositioned Lower Lid.
Chan D, Sokoya M, Ducic Y
Facial Plast Surg 2017 Dec;33(6):598-605. Epub 2017 Dec 1 doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1608711. PMID: 29195240
Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Gurwood AS, Drake J
Optometry 2006 Nov;77(11):540-6. doi: 10.1016/j.optm.2006.06.014. PMID: 17145565
Infantile exotropia.
Biglan AW, Davis JS, Cheng KP, Pettapiece MC
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1996 Mar-Apr;33(2):79-84. doi: 10.3928/0191-3913-19960301-04. PMID: 8965243

Therapy

Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes in patients with superior oblique muscle palsy: a retrospective study on 1057 patients.
Masoomian B, Akbari MR, Mohammed MH, Sadeghi M, Mirmohammadsadeghi A, Aghsaei Fard M, Khorrami-Nejad M
BMC Ophthalmol 2024 Jun 12;24(1):249. doi: 10.1186/s12886-024-03514-6. PMID: 38867149Free PMC Article
Evaluation of three superior oblique surgical weakening procedures for A-pattern strabismus.
Yu J, Cen J, Zhao P, Kang X
Arq Bras Oftalmol 2019 Jun 27;82(5):417-421. doi: 10.5935/0004-2749.20190079. PMID: 31271573
Concentric or monopolar electrode for jitter determination in orbicularis oculi.
Oliveira Santos M, Swash M, de Carvalho M
Clin Neurophysiol 2018 Dec;129(12):2552-2556. Epub 2018 Oct 26 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.09.024. PMID: 30388614
Feasibility of the simultaneous ocular and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in unilateral vestibular hypofunction.
Chou CH, Wang SJ, Young YH
Clin Neurophysiol 2009 Sep;120(9):1699-705. Epub 2009 Aug 14 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.07.036. PMID: 19683469
A new variant of blepharospasm.
Elston JS
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992 May;55(5):369-71. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.55.5.369. PMID: 1602309Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Anomalous superior oblique muscles and tendons in congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles.
Shoshany TN, Robson CD, Hunter DG
J AAPOS 2019 Dec;23(6):325.e1-325.e6. Epub 2019 Nov 2 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2019.09.014. PMID: 31689500
Repair of the Malpositioned Lower Lid.
Chan D, Sokoya M, Ducic Y
Facial Plast Surg 2017 Dec;33(6):598-605. Epub 2017 Dec 1 doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1608711. PMID: 29195240
Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders.
Singh A, Pandey PK, Agrawal A, Mittal SK, Rana KM, Bahuguna C
Int Ophthalmol 2017 Dec;37(6):1369-1381. Epub 2016 Nov 11 doi: 10.1007/s10792-016-0388-z. PMID: 27837354
Strabismus in craniosynostosis.
Rosenberg JB, Tepper OM, Medow NB
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013 May-Jun;50(3):140-8. Epub 2012 Nov 20 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20121113-02. PMID: 23163259
Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Gurwood AS, Drake J
Optometry 2006 Nov;77(11):540-6. doi: 10.1016/j.optm.2006.06.014. PMID: 17145565

Clinical prediction guides

Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders: A Literature Review.
Fels R
Am Orthopt J 2017 Jan;67(1):89-92. doi: 10.3368/aoj.67.1.89. PMID: 28904220
The Role of Extraocular Muscle Pulleys in Incomitant Non-Paralytic Strabismus.
Clark RA
Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2015 Jul-Sep;22(3):279-85. doi: 10.4103/0974-9233.159698. PMID: 26180464Free PMC Article
The anatomy and physiology of the ocular motor system.
Horn AK, Leigh RJ
Handb Clin Neurol 2011;102:21-69. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52903-9.00008-X. PMID: 21601062
Strabismus and eye muscle function.
Lennerstrand G
Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2007 Nov;85(7):711-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.00853.x. PMID: 17944625
Oculonasal synkinesis.
Guyuron B, Bokhari F, Galloway DV, Thomas T
Plast Reconstr Surg 1994 Aug;94(2):251-3. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199408000-00005. PMID: 8041815

Recent systematic reviews

Oculomotor functions in focal dystonias: A systematic review.
Hirsig A, Barbey C, Schüpbach MWM, Bargiotas P
Acta Neurol Scand 2020 May;141(5):359-367. Epub 2020 Feb 12 doi: 10.1111/ane.13224. PMID: 31990980
Clinical and histologic ocular findings in pompe disease.
Yanovitch TL, Banugaria SG, Proia AD, Kishnani PS
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010 Jan-Feb;47(1):34-40. Epub 2010 Jan 21 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20100106-08. PMID: 20128552

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