U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Abnormal inferior oblique muscle physiology

MedGen UID:
1632780
•Concept ID:
C4703406
•
Disease or Syndrome
HPO: HP:0025596

Definition

A functional anomaly of the inferior oblique muscle, an extraocular muscle that has its origin on the maxillary bone just posterior to the inferior medial orbital rim and lateral to the nasolacrimal canal and that is innervated by the inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Phenotype, genotype, and management of congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles type 1 in 16 Chinese families.
Chen M, Huang R, Zhang Y, Zhu DJ, Shu Q, Xun P, Zhang J, Gu P, Li L
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023 Mar;261(3):879-889. Epub 2022 Sep 23 doi: 10.1007/s00417-022-05830-3. PMID: 36138147Free PMC Article
The diagnosis and treatment of infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS).
Khanna S, Dell'Osso LF
ScientificWorldJournal 2006 Oct 30;6:1385-97. doi: 10.1100/tsw.2006.248. PMID: 17086344Free PMC Article
The diagnosis and treatment of bilateral masked superior oblique palsy.
Kushner BJ
Am J Ophthalmol 1988 Feb 15;105(2):186-94. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(88)90184-5. PMID: 3277437

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders.
Singh A, Pandey PK, Agrawal A, Mittal SK, Rana KM, Bahuguna C
Int Ophthalmol 2017 Dec;37(6):1369-1381. Epub 2016 Nov 11 doi: 10.1007/s10792-016-0388-z. PMID: 27837354
Rectus Extraocular Muscle Size and Pulley Location in Concomitant and Pattern Exotropia.
Hao R, Suh SY, Le A, Demer JL
Ophthalmology 2016 Sep;123(9):2004-12. Epub 2016 Jul 19 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.05.053. PMID: 27448831Free PMC Article
The Role of Extraocular Muscle Pulleys in Incomitant Non-Paralytic Strabismus.
Clark RA
Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2015 Jul-Sep;22(3):279-85. doi: 10.4103/0974-9233.159698. PMID: 26180464Free PMC Article
Clinical features and surgical outcomes of isolated inferior rectus muscle paralysis.
Akbari MR, Ameri A, Keshtkar Jaafari A, Fard MA, Eshraghi B, Mirmohammadsadeghi A
Strabismus 2014 Jun;22(2):58-63. Epub 2014 Apr 17 doi: 10.3109/09273972.2014.904897. PMID: 24738952
Ocular choristomas.
Mansour AM, Barber JC, Reinecke RD, Wang FM
Surv Ophthalmol 1989 Mar-Apr;33(5):339-58. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(89)90011-8. PMID: 2655139

Diagnosis

Morphological Differences in the Inferior Oblique Muscles from Subjects with Over-elevation in Adduction.
Rudell JC, Stager D Jr, Felius J, McLoon LK
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020 Jun 3;61(6):33. doi: 10.1167/iovs.61.6.33. PMID: 32539136Free PMC Article
Management of Duane retraction syndrome: A simplified approach.
Gaur N, Sharma P
Indian J Ophthalmol 2019 Jan;67(1):16-22. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_967_18. PMID: 30574884Free PMC Article
Ophthalmoplegia and Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders.
Oystreck DT
J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2018 Jan-Mar;68(1):31-33. Epub 2018 Jan 31 doi: 10.1080/2576117X.2017.1416242. PMID: 30196776
The anatomy and physiology of the ocular motor system.
Horn AK, Leigh RJ
Handb Clin Neurol 2011;102:21-69. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52903-9.00008-X. PMID: 21601062
Infantile exotropia.
Biglan AW, Davis JS, Cheng KP, Pettapiece MC
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1996 Mar-Apr;33(2):79-84. doi: 10.3928/0191-3913-19960301-04. PMID: 8965243

Therapy

Newly developed abnormal head position and secondary esotropia after strabismus surgery for children with intermittent exotropia.
Shen T, Kang Y, Lin X, Wu H, Yan J
Int Ophthalmol 2022 Oct;42(10):2965-2972. Epub 2022 Jan 27 doi: 10.1007/s10792-021-02173-6. PMID: 35083599
Evaluation of three superior oblique surgical weakening procedures for A-pattern strabismus.
Yu J, Cen J, Zhao P, Kang X
Arq Bras Oftalmol 2019 Jun 27;82(5):417-421. doi: 10.5935/0004-2749.20190079. PMID: 31271573
Concentric or monopolar electrode for jitter determination in orbicularis oculi.
Oliveira Santos M, Swash M, de Carvalho M
Clin Neurophysiol 2018 Dec;129(12):2552-2556. Epub 2018 Oct 26 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.09.024. PMID: 30388614
Clinical evidence of extraocular muscle fiber-type specificity of botulinum toxin.
Stahl JS, Averbuch-Heller L, Remler BF, Leigh RJ
Neurology 1998 Oct;51(4):1093-9. doi: 10.1212/wnl.51.4.1093. PMID: 9781535
AAEE minimonograph #25: Single-fiber electromyography in myasthenia gravis.
Sanders DB, Howard JF Jr
Muscle Nerve 1986 Nov-Dec;9(9):809-19. doi: 10.1002/mus.880090904. PMID: 3785290

Prognosis

Morphological Differences in the Inferior Oblique Muscles from Subjects with Over-elevation in Adduction.
Rudell JC, Stager D Jr, Felius J, McLoon LK
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020 Jun 3;61(6):33. doi: 10.1167/iovs.61.6.33. PMID: 32539136Free PMC Article
Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders.
Singh A, Pandey PK, Agrawal A, Mittal SK, Rana KM, Bahuguna C
Int Ophthalmol 2017 Dec;37(6):1369-1381. Epub 2016 Nov 11 doi: 10.1007/s10792-016-0388-z. PMID: 27837354
Clinical features and surgical outcomes of isolated inferior rectus muscle paralysis.
Akbari MR, Ameri A, Keshtkar Jaafari A, Fard MA, Eshraghi B, Mirmohammadsadeghi A
Strabismus 2014 Jun;22(2):58-63. Epub 2014 Apr 17 doi: 10.3109/09273972.2014.904897. PMID: 24738952
Strabismus in craniosynostosis.
Rosenberg JB, Tepper OM, Medow NB
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013 May-Jun;50(3):140-8. Epub 2012 Nov 20 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20121113-02. PMID: 23163259
The anatomy and physiology of the ocular motor system.
Horn AK, Leigh RJ
Handb Clin Neurol 2011;102:21-69. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52903-9.00008-X. PMID: 21601062

Clinical prediction guides

Morphological Differences in the Inferior Oblique Muscles from Subjects with Over-elevation in Adduction.
Rudell JC, Stager D Jr, Felius J, McLoon LK
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020 Jun 3;61(6):33. doi: 10.1167/iovs.61.6.33. PMID: 32539136Free PMC Article
The Role of Extraocular Muscle Pulleys in Incomitant Non-Paralytic Strabismus.
Clark RA
Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2015 Jul-Sep;22(3):279-85. doi: 10.4103/0974-9233.159698. PMID: 26180464Free PMC Article
The anatomy and physiology of the ocular motor system.
Horn AK, Leigh RJ
Handb Clin Neurol 2011;102:21-69. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52903-9.00008-X. PMID: 21601062
Strabismus and eye muscle function.
Lennerstrand G
Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2007 Nov;85(7):711-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.00853.x. PMID: 17944625
Oculonasal synkinesis.
Guyuron B, Bokhari F, Galloway DV, Thomas T
Plast Reconstr Surg 1994 Aug;94(2):251-3. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199408000-00005. PMID: 8041815

Recent systematic reviews

Oculomotor functions in focal dystonias: A systematic review.
Hirsig A, Barbey C, Schüpbach MWM, Bargiotas P
Acta Neurol Scand 2020 May;141(5):359-367. Epub 2020 Feb 12 doi: 10.1111/ane.13224. PMID: 31990980
Clinical and histologic ocular findings in pompe disease.
Yanovitch TL, Banugaria SG, Proia AD, Kishnani PS
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010 Jan-Feb;47(1):34-40. Epub 2010 Jan 21 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20100106-08. PMID: 20128552

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...