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Intellectual developmental disorder 62(MRD62)

MedGen UID:
1712636
Concept ID:
C5394083
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 62; MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 62
 
Gene (location): DLG4 (17p13.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0032919
OMIM®: 618793

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: DLG4-Related Synaptopathy
DLG4-related synaptopathy is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability (most commonly in the mild-to-moderate range), and autism spectrum disorder. About half of affected individuals have epilepsy. Regression in motor development and/or language has been reported in about 40% of affected individuals. Other neurologic findings can include hypotonia, movement disorder (most commonly stereotypies and ataxia), dystonia, tremor, and migraine headaches. Sleep disturbance is common, with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance difficulties being frequently reported. Strabismus is the most common ocular finding followed by hyperopia, nystagmus, and cortical blindness. Vomiting is observed in a number of individuals and can be triggered by seizures, motion sickness, or fatigue. Joint laxity is a relatively common finding (36.9%), and scoliosis is noted in 20% of individuals. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Zeynep Tümer  |  Thomas J Dye  |  Carlos Prada, et. al.   view full author information

Clinical features

From HPO
Arachnodactyly
MedGen UID:
2047
Concept ID:
C0003706
Congenital Abnormality
Abnormally long and slender fingers ("spider fingers").
Pes planus
MedGen UID:
42034
Concept ID:
C0016202
Anatomical Abnormality
A foot where the longitudinal arch of the foot is in contact with the ground or floor when the individual is standing; or, in a patient lying supine, a foot where the arch is in contact with the surface of a flat board pressed against the sole of the foot by the examiner with a pressure similar to that expected from weight bearing; or, the height of the arch is reduced.
Increased arm span
MedGen UID:
868335
Concept ID:
C4022729
Finding
Increased length of the arm span (length from one end of an individual's arms measured at the fingertips to the other when raised parallel to the ground at shoulder height at a one-hundred eighty degree angle).
Disproportionate tall stature
MedGen UID:
323048
Concept ID:
C1836996
Finding
A tall and slim body build with increased arm span to height ratio (>1.05) and a reduced upper-to-lower segment ratio (<0.85), i.e., unusually long arms and legs. The extremities as well as the hands and feet are unusually slim.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterised by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Cerebellar vermis atrophy
MedGen UID:
149271
Concept ID:
C0742028
Disease or Syndrome
Wasting (atrophy) of the vermis of cerebellum.
Autistic behavior
MedGen UID:
163547
Concept ID:
C0856975
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Persistent deficits in social interaction and communication and interaction as well as a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest as well as repetitive patterns of behavior.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, has been defined as an IQ score below 70.
Scoliosis
MedGen UID:
11348
Concept ID:
C0036439
Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Joint laxity
MedGen UID:
39439
Concept ID:
C0086437
Finding
Lack of stability of a joint.
Striae distensae
MedGen UID:
57541
Concept ID:
C0152459
Acquired Abnormality
Thinned, erythematous, depressed bands of atrophic skin. Initially, striae appear as flattened and thinned, pinkish linear regions of the skin. Striae tend to enlarge in length and become reddish or purplish. Later, striae tend to appear as white, depressed bands that are parallel to the lines of skin tension. Striae distensae occur most often in areas that have been subject to distension such as the lower back, buttocks, thighs, breast, abdomen, and shoulders.
Strabismus
MedGen UID:
21337
Concept ID:
C0038379
Disease or Syndrome
A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Martinez-Cayuelas E, Blanco-Kelly F, Lopez-Grondona F, Swafiri ST, Lopez-Rodriguez R, Losada-Del Pozo R, Mahillo-Fernandez I, Moreno B, Rodrigo-Moreno M, Casas-Alba D, Lopez-Gonzalez A, García-Miñaúr S, Ángeles Mori M, Pacio-Minguez M, Rikeros-Orozco E, Santos-Simarro F, Cruz-Rojo J, Quesada-Espinosa JF, Sanchez-Calvin MT, Sanchez-Del Pozo J, Bernado Fonz R, Isidoro-Garcia M, Ruiz-Ayucar I, Alvarez-Mora MI, Blanco-Lago R, De Azua B, Eiris J, Garcia-Peñas JJ, Gil-Fournier B, Gomez-Lado C, Irazabal N, Lopez-Gonzalez V, Madrigal I, Malaga I, Martinez-Menendez B, Ramiro-Leon S, Garcia-Hoyos M, Prieto-Matos P, Lopez-Pison J, Aguilera-Albesa S, Alvarez S, Fernández-Jaén A, Llano-Rivas I, Gener-Querol B, Ayuso C, Arteche-Lopez A, Palomares-Bralo M, Cueto-González A, Valenzuela I, Martinez-Monseny A, Lorda-Sanchez I, Almoguera B
J Med Genet 2023 Jul;60(7):644-654. Epub 2022 Nov 29 doi: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108632. PMID: 36446582
Sanchez-Jimeno C, Blanco-Kelly F, López-Grondona F, Losada-Del Pozo R, Moreno B, Rodrigo-Moreno M, Martinez-Cayuelas E, Riveiro-Alvarez R, Fenollar-Cortés M, Ayuso C, Rodríguez de Alba M, Lorda-Sanchez I, Almoguera B
Genes (Basel) 2021 Aug 30;12(9) doi: 10.3390/genes12091360. PMID: 34573342Free PMC Article
Ross LF
Pediatr Clin North Am 2015 Jun;62(3):787-98. Epub 2015 Apr 7 doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2015.03.009. PMID: 26022175

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Parenti I, Lehalle D, Nava C, Torti E, Leitão E, Person R, Mizuguchi T, Matsumoto N, Kato M, Nakamura K, de Man SA, Cope H, Shashi V; Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Friedman J, Joset P, Steindl K, Rauch A, Muffels I, van Hasselt PM, Petit F, Smol T, Le Guyader G, Bilan F, Sorlin A, Vitobello A, Philippe C, van de Laar IMBH, van Slegtenhorst MA, Campeau PM, Au PYB, Nakashima M, Saitsu H, Yamamoto T, Nomura Y, Louie RJ, Lyons MJ, Dobson A, Plomp AS, Motazacker MM, Kaiser FJ, Timberlake AT, Fuchs SA, Depienne C, Mignot C
Hum Genet 2021 Jul;140(7):1109-1120. Epub 2021 May 4 doi: 10.1007/s00439-021-02283-2. PMID: 33944996Free PMC Article
Plunkett BA, Mele L, Casey BM, Varner MW, Sorokin Y, Reddy UM, Wapner RJ, Thorp JM Jr, Saade GR, Tita ATN, Rouse DJ, Sibai B, Mercer BM, Tolosa JE, Caritis SN; for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network
Obstet Gynecol 2021 Apr 1;137(4):561-570. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004314. PMID: 33706345Free PMC Article
Stadskleiv K
Dev Med Child Neurol 2020 Mar;62(3):283-289. Epub 2020 Jan 9 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14463. PMID: 32010976
Al Shehhi M, Forman EB, Fitzgerald JE, McInerney V, Krawczyk J, Shen S, Betts DR, Ardle LM, Gorman KM, King MD, Green A, Gallagher L, Lynch SA
Eur J Med Genet 2019 Mar;62(3):204-209. Epub 2018 Jul 18 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.07.015. PMID: 30031152
Gilissen C, Hehir-Kwa JY, Thung DT, van de Vorst M, van Bon BW, Willemsen MH, Kwint M, Janssen IM, Hoischen A, Schenck A, Leach R, Klein R, Tearle R, Bo T, Pfundt R, Yntema HG, de Vries BB, Kleefstra T, Brunner HG, Vissers LE, Veltman JA
Nature 2014 Jul 17;511(7509):344-7. Epub 2014 Jun 4 doi: 10.1038/nature13394. PMID: 24896178

Diagnosis

Martinez-Cayuelas E, Blanco-Kelly F, Lopez-Grondona F, Swafiri ST, Lopez-Rodriguez R, Losada-Del Pozo R, Mahillo-Fernandez I, Moreno B, Rodrigo-Moreno M, Casas-Alba D, Lopez-Gonzalez A, García-Miñaúr S, Ángeles Mori M, Pacio-Minguez M, Rikeros-Orozco E, Santos-Simarro F, Cruz-Rojo J, Quesada-Espinosa JF, Sanchez-Calvin MT, Sanchez-Del Pozo J, Bernado Fonz R, Isidoro-Garcia M, Ruiz-Ayucar I, Alvarez-Mora MI, Blanco-Lago R, De Azua B, Eiris J, Garcia-Peñas JJ, Gil-Fournier B, Gomez-Lado C, Irazabal N, Lopez-Gonzalez V, Madrigal I, Malaga I, Martinez-Menendez B, Ramiro-Leon S, Garcia-Hoyos M, Prieto-Matos P, Lopez-Pison J, Aguilera-Albesa S, Alvarez S, Fernández-Jaén A, Llano-Rivas I, Gener-Querol B, Ayuso C, Arteche-Lopez A, Palomares-Bralo M, Cueto-González A, Valenzuela I, Martinez-Monseny A, Lorda-Sanchez I, Almoguera B
J Med Genet 2023 Jul;60(7):644-654. Epub 2022 Nov 29 doi: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108632. PMID: 36446582
Ernst ME, Baugh EH, Thomas A, Bier L, Lippa N, Stong N, Mulhern MS, Kushary S, Akman CI, Heinzen EL, Yeh R, Bi W, Hanchard NA, Burrage LC, Leduc MS, Chong JSC, Bend R, Lyons MJ, Lee JA, Suwannarat P, Brilstra E, Simon M, Koopmans M, van Binsbergen E, Groepper D, Fleischer J, Nava C, Keren B, Mignot C, Mathieu S, Mancini GMS, Madan-Khetarpal S, Infante EM, Bluvstein J, Seeley A, Bachman K, Klee EW, Schultz-Rogers LE, Hasadsri L, Barnett S, Ellingson MS, Ferber MJ, Narayanan V, Ramsey K, Rauch A, Joset P, Steindl K, Sheehan T, Poduri A, Vasquez A, Ruivenkamp C, White SM, Pais L, Monaghan KG, Goldstein DB, Sands TT, Aggarwal V
Epilepsia 2021 Jul;62(7):e103-e109. Epub 2021 May 26 doi: 10.1111/epi.16931. PMID: 34041744Free PMC Article
Hoytema van Konijnenburg EMM, Wortmann SB, Koelewijn MJ, Tseng LA, Houben R, Stöckler-Ipsiroglu S, Ferreira CR, van Karnebeek CDM
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021 Apr 12;16(1):170. doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01727-2. PMID: 33845862Free PMC Article
Stefanski A, Calle-López Y, Leu C, Pérez-Palma E, Pestana-Knight E, Lal D
Epilepsia 2021 Jan;62(1):143-151. Epub 2020 Nov 17 doi: 10.1111/epi.16755. PMID: 33200402Free PMC Article
Kalsner L, Chamberlain SJ
Pediatr Clin North Am 2015 Jun;62(3):587-606. Epub 2015 Apr 22 doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2015.03.004. PMID: 26022164Free PMC Article

Therapy

Williams MJ, Ramson JA, Brownfoot FC
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Aug 9;8(8):CD006764. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006764.pub4. PMID: 35943347Free PMC Article
Stefanski A, Calle-López Y, Leu C, Pérez-Palma E, Pestana-Knight E, Lal D
Epilepsia 2021 Jan;62(1):143-151. Epub 2020 Nov 17 doi: 10.1111/epi.16755. PMID: 33200402Free PMC Article
Vlaskamp DRM, Shaw BJ, Burgess R, Mei D, Montomoli M, Xie H, Myers CT, Bennett MF, XiangWei W, Williams D, Maas SM, Brooks AS, Mancini GMS, van de Laar IMBH, van Hagen JM, Ware TL, Webster RI, Malone S, Berkovic SF, Kalnins RM, Sicca F, Korenke GC, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Hildebrand MS, Mefford HC, Jiang Y, Guerrini R, Scheffer IE
Neurology 2019 Jan 8;92(2):e96-e107. Epub 2018 Dec 12 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006729. PMID: 30541864Free PMC Article
Norton ME, Jacobsson B, Swamy GK, Laurent LC, Ranzini AC, Brar H, Tomlinson MW, Pereira L, Spitz JL, Hollemon D, Cuckle H, Musci TJ, Wapner RJ
N Engl J Med 2015 Apr 23;372(17):1589-97. Epub 2015 Apr 1 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1407349. PMID: 25830321
Trombelli L, Farina R
Minerva Stomatol 2013 Jun;62(6):207-34. PMID: 23828258

Prognosis

Schon KR, Horvath R, Wei W, Calabrese C, Tucci A, Ibañez K, Ratnaike T, Pitceathly RDS, Bugiardini E, Quinlivan R, Hanna MG, Clement E, Ashton E, Sayer JA, Brennan P, Josifova D, Izatt L, Fratter C, Nesbitt V, Barrett T, McMullen DJ, Smith A, Deshpande C, Smithson SF, Festenstein R, Canham N, Caulfield M, Houlden H, Rahman S, Chinnery PF; Genomics England Research Consortium
BMJ 2021 Nov 3;375:e066288. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-066288. PMID: 34732400Free PMC Article
Scheerer NE, Curcin K, Stojanoski B, Anagnostou E, Nicolson R, Kelley E, Georgiades S, Liu X, Stevenson RA
Mol Autism 2021 Oct 12;12(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s13229-021-00471-5. PMID: 34641960Free PMC Article
Bishop JC, McCormick B, Johnson CT, Miller J, Jelin E, Blakemore K, Jelin AC
Fetal Diagn Ther 2020;47(2):98-103. Epub 2019 Jun 5 doi: 10.1159/000500471. PMID: 31167209Free PMC Article
Norton ME, Jacobsson B, Swamy GK, Laurent LC, Ranzini AC, Brar H, Tomlinson MW, Pereira L, Spitz JL, Hollemon D, Cuckle H, Musci TJ, Wapner RJ
N Engl J Med 2015 Apr 23;372(17):1589-97. Epub 2015 Apr 1 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1407349. PMID: 25830321
Trombelli L, Farina R
Minerva Stomatol 2013 Jun;62(6):207-34. PMID: 23828258

Clinical prediction guides

Guerrini R, Mei D, Kerti-Szigeti K, Pepe S, Koenig MK, Von Allmen G, Cho MT, McDonald K, Baker J, Bhambhani V, Powis Z, Rodan L, Nabbout R, Barcia G, Rosenfeld JA, Bacino CA, Mignot C, Power LH, Harris CJ, Marjanovic D, Møller RS, Hammer TB; DDD Study, Keski Filppula R, Vieira P, Hildebrandt C, Sacharow S; Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Maragliano L, Benfenati F, Lachlan K, Benneche A, Petit F, de Sainte Agathe JM, Hallinan B, Si Y, Wentzensen IM, Zou F, Narayanan V, Matsumoto N, Boncristiano A, la Marca G, Kato M, Anderson K, Barba C, Sturiale L, Garozzo D, Bei R; ATP6V1A collaborators, Masuelli L, Conti V, Novarino G, Fassio A
Brain 2022 Aug 27;145(8):2687-2703. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac145. PMID: 35675510
Sanchez-Jimeno C, Blanco-Kelly F, López-Grondona F, Losada-Del Pozo R, Moreno B, Rodrigo-Moreno M, Martinez-Cayuelas E, Riveiro-Alvarez R, Fenollar-Cortés M, Ayuso C, Rodríguez de Alba M, Lorda-Sanchez I, Almoguera B
Genes (Basel) 2021 Aug 30;12(9) doi: 10.3390/genes12091360. PMID: 34573342Free PMC Article
Parenti I, Lehalle D, Nava C, Torti E, Leitão E, Person R, Mizuguchi T, Matsumoto N, Kato M, Nakamura K, de Man SA, Cope H, Shashi V; Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Friedman J, Joset P, Steindl K, Rauch A, Muffels I, van Hasselt PM, Petit F, Smol T, Le Guyader G, Bilan F, Sorlin A, Vitobello A, Philippe C, van de Laar IMBH, van Slegtenhorst MA, Campeau PM, Au PYB, Nakashima M, Saitsu H, Yamamoto T, Nomura Y, Louie RJ, Lyons MJ, Dobson A, Plomp AS, Motazacker MM, Kaiser FJ, Timberlake AT, Fuchs SA, Depienne C, Mignot C
Hum Genet 2021 Jul;140(7):1109-1120. Epub 2021 May 4 doi: 10.1007/s00439-021-02283-2. PMID: 33944996Free PMC Article
Stefanski A, Calle-López Y, Leu C, Pérez-Palma E, Pestana-Knight E, Lal D
Epilepsia 2021 Jan;62(1):143-151. Epub 2020 Nov 17 doi: 10.1111/epi.16755. PMID: 33200402Free PMC Article
Bishop JC, McCormick B, Johnson CT, Miller J, Jelin E, Blakemore K, Jelin AC
Fetal Diagn Ther 2020;47(2):98-103. Epub 2019 Jun 5 doi: 10.1159/000500471. PMID: 31167209Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Shaffer RC, Reisinger DL, Schmitt LM, Lamy M, Dominick KC, Smith EG, Coffman MC, Esbensen AJ
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023 May;62(5):518-557. Epub 2022 Aug 22 doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.06.020. PMID: 36007813
Williams MJ, Ramson JA, Brownfoot FC
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Aug 9;8(8):CD006764. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006764.pub4. PMID: 35943347Free PMC Article
Stefanski A, Calle-López Y, Leu C, Pérez-Palma E, Pestana-Knight E, Lal D
Epilepsia 2021 Jan;62(1):143-151. Epub 2020 Nov 17 doi: 10.1111/epi.16755. PMID: 33200402Free PMC Article
Hollocks MJ, Lerh JW, Magiati I, Meiser-Stedman R, Brugha TS
Psychol Med 2019 Mar;49(4):559-572. Epub 2018 Sep 4 doi: 10.1017/S0033291718002283. PMID: 30178724
Hardee JP, Fetters L
Res Dev Disabil 2017 Mar;62:81-103. Epub 2017 Jan 22 doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.01.011. PMID: 28119223

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