From HPO
Cryptorchidism- MedGen UID:
- 8192
- •Concept ID:
- C0010417
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Cryptorchidism, or failure of testicular descent, is a common human congenital abnormality with a multifactorial etiology that likely reflects the involvement of endocrine, environmental, and hereditary factors. Cryptorchidism can result in infertility and increases risk for testicular tumors. Testicular descent from abdomen to scrotum occurs in 2 distinct phases: the transabdominal phase and the inguinoscrotal phase (summary by Gorlov et al., 2002).
Hypospadias- MedGen UID:
- 163083
- •Concept ID:
- C0848558
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Abnormal position of urethral meatus on the ventral penile shaft (underside) characterized by displacement of the urethral meatus from the tip of the glans penis to the ventral surface of the penis, scrotum, or perineum.
Broad thumb- MedGen UID:
- 140880
- •Concept ID:
- C0426891
- •
- Finding
Increased thumb width without increased dorso-ventral dimension.
Clinodactyly of the 5th finger- MedGen UID:
- 340456
- •Concept ID:
- C1850049
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Clinodactyly refers to a bending or curvature of the fifth finger in the radial direction (i.e., towards the 4th finger).
Broad hallux- MedGen UID:
- 401165
- •Concept ID:
- C1867131
- •
- Finding
Visible increase in width of the hallux without an increase in the dorso-ventral dimension.
Atrial septal defect- MedGen UID:
- 6753
- •Concept ID:
- C0018817
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum.
Dilation of Virchow-Robin spaces- MedGen UID:
- 342926
- •Concept ID:
- C1853618
- •
- Finding
Increased dimensions of the Virchow-Robin spaces (also known as perivascular spaces), which surround the walls of vessels as they course from the subarachnoid space through the brain parenchyma. Perivascular spaces are commonly microscopic, and not visible on conventional neuroimaging. This term refers to an increase of size of these spaces such that they are visible on neuroimaging (usually magnetic resonance imaging). The dilatations are regular cavities that always contain a patent artery.
Gastroesophageal reflux- MedGen UID:
- 1368658
- •Concept ID:
- C4317146
- •
- Finding
A condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter.
Microtia- MedGen UID:
- 57535
- •Concept ID:
- C0152423
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the external ear.
Low-set ears- MedGen UID:
- 65980
- •Concept ID:
- C0239234
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.
Posteriorly rotated ears- MedGen UID:
- 96566
- •Concept ID:
- C0431478
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front).
Delayed speech and language development- MedGen UID:
- 105318
- •Concept ID:
- C0454644
- •
- Finding
A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.
Motor delay- MedGen UID:
- 381392
- •Concept ID:
- C1854301
- •
- Finding
A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.
Infantile muscular hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 395993
- •Concept ID:
- C1860834
- •
- Finding
Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in infancy.
Congenital laryngomalacia- MedGen UID:
- 120500
- •Concept ID:
- C0264303
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Laryngomalacia is a congenital abnormality of the laryngeal cartilage in which the cartilage is floppy and prolapses over the larynx during inspiration.
Recurrent pneumonia- MedGen UID:
- 195802
- •Concept ID:
- C0694550
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An increased susceptibility to pneumonia as manifested by a history of recurrent episodes of pneumonia.
Velopharyngeal insufficiency- MedGen UID:
- 52992
- •Concept ID:
- C0042454
- •
- Finding
Inability of velopharyngeal sphincter to sufficiently separate the nasal cavity from the oral cavity during speech.
High palate- MedGen UID:
- 66814
- •Concept ID:
- C0240635
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).
Downslanted palpebral fissures- MedGen UID:
- 98391
- •Concept ID:
- C0423110
- •
- Finding
The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.
Submucous cleft hard palate- MedGen UID:
- 98472
- •Concept ID:
- C0432103
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Hard-palate submucous clefts are characterized by bony defects in the midline of the bony palate that are covered by the mucous membrane of the roof of the mouth. It may be possible to detect a submucous cleft hard palate upon palpation as a notch in the bony palate.
Epicanthus- MedGen UID:
- 151862
- •Concept ID:
- C0678230
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Epicanthus is a condition in which a fold of skin stretches from the upper to the lower eyelid, partially covering the inner canthus. Usher (1935) noted that epicanthus is a normal finding in the fetus of all races. Epicanthus also occurs in association with hereditary ptosis (110100).
Sparse medial eyebrow- MedGen UID:
- 395444
- •Concept ID:
- C1860256
- •
- Finding
Decreased density/number and/or decreased diameter of medial eyebrow hairs.
Bifid uvula- MedGen UID:
- 1646931
- •Concept ID:
- C4551488
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Uvula separated into two parts most easily seen at the tip.
Small nail- MedGen UID:
- 537942
- •Concept ID:
- C0263523
- •
- Finding
A nail that is diminished in length and width, i.e., underdeveloped nail.
Ptosis- MedGen UID:
- 2287
- •Concept ID:
- C0005745
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective).
Esotropia- MedGen UID:
- 4550
- •Concept ID:
- C0014877
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A form of strabismus with one or both eyes turned inward ('crossed') to a relatively severe degree, usually defined as 10 diopters or more.
Exotropia- MedGen UID:
- 4613
- •Concept ID:
- C0015310
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A form of strabismus with one or both eyes deviated outward.
Hypertelorism- MedGen UID:
- 9373
- •Concept ID:
- C0020534
- •
- Finding
Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).
Strabismus- MedGen UID:
- 21337
- •Concept ID:
- C0038379
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.
- Abnormality of head or neck
- Abnormality of limbs
- Abnormality of the cardiovascular system
- Abnormality of the digestive system
- Abnormality of the eye
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the integument
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Abnormality of the respiratory system
- Ear malformation