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Agraphia

MedGen UID:
1790
•Concept ID:
C0001825
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonym: Agraphias
SNOMED CT: Agraphia (27206009)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0000716

Definition

Loss of the ability to write as a result of neurological damage or disorder in someone who previously had this ability and is inconsistent with current level of intellectual functioning. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAgraphia

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Multi-step treatment for acquired alexia and agraphia (part II): a dual-route error scoring system.
Ross K, Johnson JP, Kiran S
Neuropsychol Rehabil 2019 May;29(4):565-604. Epub 2017 Apr 19 doi: 10.1080/09602011.2017.1311796. PMID: 28421910
Multi-step treatment for acquired alexia and agraphia (Part I): efficacy, generalisation, and identification of beneficial treatment steps.
Johnson JP, Ross K, Kiran S
Neuropsychol Rehabil 2019 May;29(4):534-564. Epub 2017 Apr 19 doi: 10.1080/09602011.2017.1311271. PMID: 28421858
The nature and treatment of phonological text agraphia.
Beeson PM, Rising K, DeMarco AT, Foley TH, Rapcsak SZ
Neuropsychol Rehabil 2018 Jun;28(4):568-588. Epub 2016 Jul 8 doi: 10.1080/09602011.2016.1199387. PMID: 27392251Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Dysgraphia Phenotypes in Native Chinese Speakers With Primary Progressive Aphasia.
Tee BL, Lorinda Kwan-Chen LY, Chen TF, Yan CTY, Tsoh J, Lung-Tat Chan A, Wong A, Lo RY, Lu CL, Wang PN, Lee Y, Yang FG, Battistella G, Allen IE, Dronkers NF, Miller BL, Gorno-Tempini ML
Neurology 2022 May 31;98(22):e2245-e2257. Epub 2022 Apr 11 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000200350. PMID: 35410909Free PMC Article
Handwriting in Alzheimer's Disease.
Delazer M, Zamarian L, Djamshidian A
J Alzheimers Dis 2021;82(2):727-735. doi: 10.3233/JAD-210279. PMID: 34057089
Two year outcomes of poststroke writing and reading disorders.
Zukic S, Sinanovic O, Zonic L
Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2018 Sep-Oct;25(5):395-399. Epub 2017 May 10 doi: 10.1080/23279095.2017.1320285. PMID: 28489413
Spatial acalculia.
Ardila A, Rosselli M
Int J Neurosci 1994 Oct;78(3-4):177-84. doi: 10.3109/00207459408986056. PMID: 7883454
Spatial agraphia.
Ardila A, Rosselli M
Brain Cogn 1993 Jul;22(2):137-47. doi: 10.1006/brcg.1993.1029. PMID: 8373568

Diagnosis

Acalculia in Aphasia.
Gonzalez R, Rojas M, Rosselli M, Ardila A
Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021 May 21;36(4):455-464. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acaa072. PMID: 32978628
Alexia and Agraphia from 1861 to 1965.
Henderson VW
Front Neurol Neurosci 2019;44:39-52. Epub 2019 Apr 30 doi: 10.1159/000494951. PMID: 31220840
The history of the neurophysiology and neurology of the parietal lobe.
Berlucchi G, Vallar G
Handb Clin Neurol 2018;151:3-30. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63622-5.00001-2. PMID: 29519464
Micrographia, much beyond the writer's hand.
Inzelberg R, Plotnik M, Harpaz NK, Flash T
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016 May;26:1-9. Epub 2016 Mar 11 doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.03.003. PMID: 26997656
Handwriting development, competency, and intervention.
Feder KP, Majnemer A
Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Apr;49(4):312-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00312.x. PMID: 17376144

Therapy

Capecitabine-related neurotoxicity presenting with agraphia.
Iscan D, Tolay R, Bayram E, Demir T, Bicakci S
J Oncol Pharm Pract 2023 Apr;29(3):746-749. Epub 2022 Jul 29 doi: 10.1177/10781552221116329. PMID: 35903929
Technology-enhanced writing therapy for people with aphasia: results of a quasi-randomized waitlist controlled study.
Marshall J, Caute A, Chadd K, Cruice M, Monnelly K, Wilson S, Woolf C
Int J Lang Commun Disord 2019 Mar;54(2):203-220. Epub 2018 May 10 doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.12391. PMID: 29749112
A comparison of errorless and errorful therapies for dysgraphia after stroke.
Thiel L, Conroy P
Neuropsychol Rehabil 2014;24(2):172-201. Epub 2014 Feb 12 doi: 10.1080/09602011.2013.875925. PMID: 24517315
Callosal warning syndrome.
Nandhagopal R, Al-Asmi A, Johnston WJ, Jacob PC, Arunodaya GR
J Neurol Sci 2012 Mar 15;314(1-2):178-80. Epub 2011 Nov 8 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.10.007. PMID: 22075046
Conceptualizing functional cognition in stroke.
Donovan NJ, Kendall DL, Heaton SC, Kwon S, Velozo CA, Duncan PW
Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2008 Mar-Apr;22(2):122-35. Epub 2007 Aug 30 doi: 10.1177/1545968307306239. PMID: 17761809

Prognosis

The memory for words: Armand Trousseau on aphasia.
Leblanc R
J Hist Neurosci 2022 Jan-Mar;31(1):1-19. Epub 2021 Jun 11 doi: 10.1080/0964704X.2021.1898909. PMID: 34115961
Handwriting in Alzheimer's Disease.
Delazer M, Zamarian L, Djamshidian A
J Alzheimers Dis 2021;82(2):727-735. doi: 10.3233/JAD-210279. PMID: 34057089
Acalculia in Aphasia.
Gonzalez R, Rojas M, Rosselli M, Ardila A
Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021 May 21;36(4):455-464. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acaa072. PMID: 32978628
Alopecia neoplastica.
Chansky P, Micheletti RG
BMJ Case Rep 2017 Apr 11;2017 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2017-220215. PMID: 28400390Free PMC Article
Post-stroke language disorders.
Sinanović O, Mrkonjić Z, Zukić S, Vidović M, Imamović K
Acta Clin Croat 2011 Mar;50(1):79-94. PMID: 22034787

Clinical prediction guides

Reading and alexia.
Starrfelt R, Woodhead Z
Handb Clin Neurol 2021;178:213-232. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821377-3.00010-6. PMID: 33832678
Acalculia in Aphasia.
Gonzalez R, Rojas M, Rosselli M, Ardila A
Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021 May 21;36(4):455-464. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acaa072. PMID: 32978628
Alexia and agraphia in Spanish.
Gonzalez R, Rojas M, Ardila A
Int J Lang Commun Disord 2020 Nov;55(6):875-883. Epub 2020 Jul 31 doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.12566. PMID: 32735061
Micrographia, much beyond the writer's hand.
Inzelberg R, Plotnik M, Harpaz NK, Flash T
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016 May;26:1-9. Epub 2016 Mar 11 doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.03.003. PMID: 26997656
Handwriting development, competency, and intervention.
Feder KP, Majnemer A
Dev Med Child Neurol 2007 Apr;49(4):312-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00312.x. PMID: 17376144

Recent systematic reviews

Functional Assessment of Handwriting Among Children: A Systematic Review of the Psychometric Properties.
Vico R, Martín J, González M
Am J Occup Ther 2023 Sep 1;77(5) doi: 10.5014/ajot.2023.050174. PMID: 37877571
Handwriting Changes in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.
Fernandes CP, Montalvo G, Caligiuri M, Pertsinakis M, Guimarães J
J Alzheimers Dis 2023;96(1):1-11. doi: 10.3233/JAD-230438. PMID: 37718808
Speech and Language Therapy for Acquired Central Dysgraphia in Neurological Patients: A Systematic Review to Describe and Identify Trainings for Clinical Practice.
Biddau F, Brisotto C, Innocenti T, Ranaldi S, Meneghello F, D'Imperio D, Nordio S
Am J Speech Lang Pathol 2023 Mar 9;32(2):762-785. Epub 2023 Mar 1 doi: 10.1044/2022_AJSLP-22-00042. PMID: 36857041
Transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis syndrome: A comprehensive systematic review of 93 patients from 57 studies.
Al-Chalabi M, Hegde P, Asghar F, Aladamat N, Delcimmuto N, Gharaibeh K, Samara M, Esengul Y, Mahfooz N, Sheikh A
Cephalalgia 2023 Apr;43(4):3331024231157694. doi: 10.1177/03331024231157694. PMID: 36856002
Micrographia, much beyond the writer's hand.
Inzelberg R, Plotnik M, Harpaz NK, Flash T
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016 May;26:1-9. Epub 2016 Mar 11 doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.03.003. PMID: 26997656

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