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Alexia

MedGen UID:
1809
•Concept ID:
C0002018
•
Finding; Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonym: Alexias
SNOMED CT: Alexia (9236007); Optical alexia (9236007); Visual amnesia (9236007); Aphemesthesia (9236007)
 
HPO: HP:0010523
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0001712

Definition

An acquired type of sensory aphasia where damage to the brain leads to the loss of the ability to read. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Multi-step treatment for acquired alexia and agraphia (part II): a dual-route error scoring system.
Ross K, Johnson JP, Kiran S
Neuropsychol Rehabil 2019 May;29(4):565-604. Epub 2017 Apr 19 doi: 10.1080/09602011.2017.1311796. PMID: 28421910
The nature and treatment of phonological text agraphia.
Beeson PM, Rising K, DeMarco AT, Foley TH, Rapcsak SZ
Neuropsychol Rehabil 2018 Jun;28(4):568-588. Epub 2016 Jul 8 doi: 10.1080/09602011.2016.1199387. PMID: 27392251Free PMC Article
Clinical management of agnosia.
Burns MS
Top Stroke Rehabil 2004 Winter;11(1):1-9. doi: 10.1310/N13K-YKYQ-3XX1-NFAV. PMID: 14872395

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Tc-99m labelled bone scintigraphy in suspected cardiac amyloidosis.
Rauf MU, Hawkins PN, Cappelli F, Perfetto F, Zampieri M, Argiro A, Petrie A, Law S, Porcari A, Razvi Y, Bomsztyk J, Ravichandran S, Ioannou A, Patel R, Starr N, Hutt DF, Mahmood S, Wisniowski B, Martinez-Naharro A, Venneri L, Whelan C, Roczenio D, Gilbertson J, Lachmann HJ, Wechalekar AD, Rapezzi C, Serenelli M, Massa P, Caponetti AG, Ponziani A, Accietto A, Giovannetti A, Saturi G, Sguazzotti M, Gagliardi C, Biagini E, Longhi S, Fontana M, Gillmore JD
Eur Heart J 2023 Jun 25;44(24):2187-2198. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad139. PMID: 36946431Free PMC Article
Disorders of higher visual processing in patients with acquired brain injury.
Johnson R
NeuroRehabilitation 2022;50(3):331-341. doi: 10.3233/NRE-228016. PMID: 35342058
Rehabilitation of visual disorders.
Leff A, Barton JJS
Handb Clin Neurol 2021;178:361-386. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821377-3.00015-5. PMID: 33832686
The Visual Agnosias and Related Disorders.
Haque S, Vaphiades MS, Lueck CJ
J Neuroophthalmol 2018 Sep;38(3):379-392. doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000000556. PMID: 28945627
Disorders of higher visual processing.
Barton JJ
Handb Clin Neurol 2011;102:223-61. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52903-9.00015-7. PMID: 21601069

Diagnosis

Tc-99m labelled bone scintigraphy in suspected cardiac amyloidosis.
Rauf MU, Hawkins PN, Cappelli F, Perfetto F, Zampieri M, Argiro A, Petrie A, Law S, Porcari A, Razvi Y, Bomsztyk J, Ravichandran S, Ioannou A, Patel R, Starr N, Hutt DF, Mahmood S, Wisniowski B, Martinez-Naharro A, Venneri L, Whelan C, Roczenio D, Gilbertson J, Lachmann HJ, Wechalekar AD, Rapezzi C, Serenelli M, Massa P, Caponetti AG, Ponziani A, Accietto A, Giovannetti A, Saturi G, Sguazzotti M, Gagliardi C, Biagini E, Longhi S, Fontana M, Gillmore JD
Eur Heart J 2023 Jun 25;44(24):2187-2198. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad139. PMID: 36946431Free PMC Article
Macrocephaly: Solving the Diagnostic Dilemma.
Tan AP, Mankad K, Gonçalves FG, Talenti G, Alexia E
Top Magn Reson Imaging 2018 Aug;27(4):197-217. doi: 10.1097/RMR.0000000000000170. PMID: 30086108
The Visual Agnosias and Related Disorders.
Haque S, Vaphiades MS, Lueck CJ
J Neuroophthalmol 2018 Sep;38(3):379-392. doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000000556. PMID: 28945627
Visual agnosia and focal brain injury.
Martinaud O
Rev Neurol (Paris) 2017 Jul-Aug;173(7-8):451-460. Epub 2017 Aug 24 doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2017.07.009. PMID: 28843416
Clinical management of agnosia.
Burns MS
Top Stroke Rehabil 2004 Winter;11(1):1-9. doi: 10.1310/N13K-YKYQ-3XX1-NFAV. PMID: 14872395

Therapy

Clinical Reasoning: An 80-Year-Old Woman With a Homonymous Hemianopsia.
Tajfirouz D, Chen JJ, Bhatti MT
Neurology 2022 Oct 18;99(16):713-717. Epub 2022 Aug 29 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000201175. PMID: 36038269
Disentangling between- and within-person associations between empathy and prosocial behaviours during early adolescence.
Carrizales A, Branje S, Lannegrand L
J Adolesc 2021 Dec;93:114-125. Epub 2021 Nov 2 doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.10.006. PMID: 34740152
The influence of the number of toys in the environment on toddlers' play.
Dauch C, Imwalle M, Ocasio B, Metz AE
Infant Behav Dev 2018 Feb;50:78-87. Epub 2017 Nov 27 doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.11.005. PMID: 29190457
Basket Trials in Oncology: A Trade-Off Between Complexity and Efficiency.
Cunanan KM, Gonen M, Shen R, Hyman DM, Riely GJ, Begg CB, Iasonos A
J Clin Oncol 2017 Jan 20;35(3):271-273. Epub 2016 Nov 28 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.69.9751. PMID: 27893325Free PMC Article
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) -Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells for the Immunotherapy of HER2-Positive Sarcoma.
Ahmed N, Brawley VS, Hegde M, Robertson C, Ghazi A, Gerken C, Liu E, Dakhova O, Ashoori A, Corder A, Gray T, Wu MF, Liu H, Hicks J, Rainusso N, Dotti G, Mei Z, Grilley B, Gee A, Rooney CM, Brenner MK, Heslop HE, Wels WS, Wang LL, Anderson P, Gottschalk S
J Clin Oncol 2015 May 20;33(15):1688-96. Epub 2015 Mar 23 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.58.0225. PMID: 25800760Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Prognostic Value of a 6-Minute Walk Test in Patients With Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis.
Ioannou A, Fumagalli C, Razvi Y, Porcari A, Rauf MU, Martinez-Naharro A, Venneri L, Moody W, Steeds RP, Petrie A, Whelan C, Wechalekar A, Lachmann H, Hawkins PN, Solomon SD, Gillmore JD, Fontana M
J Am Coll Cardiol 2024 Jul 2;84(1):43-58. Epub 2024 May 13 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.04.011. PMID: 38739065Free PMC Article
Reward-driven modulation of spatial attention in the human frontal eye-field.
Bourgeois A, Sterpenich V, Iannotti GR, Vuilleumier P
Neuroimage 2022 Feb 15;247:118846. Epub 2021 Dec 21 doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118846. PMID: 34942365
Hyperacute cognitive stroke syndromes.
Ferro JM
J Neurol 2001 Oct;248(10):841-9. doi: 10.1007/s004150170067. PMID: 11697519
Visual syndromes as the presenting feature of degenerative brain disease.
Caselli RJ
Semin Neurol 2000;20(1):139-44. doi: 10.1055/s-2000-6839. PMID: 10874783
Posterior cortical atrophy.
Benson DF, Davis RJ, Snyder BD
Arch Neurol 1988 Jul;45(7):789-93. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1988.00520310107024. PMID: 3390033

Clinical prediction guides

Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in Chinese patients with anti-histamine refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria.
Yuan W, Hu S, Li M, Yang L, Liu L, Zheng M, Guo Z, Song Z, Zhang C, Diao Q, Xu J, Richard A, Patwardhan M, Lyu T, Uddin A, Fogel R, Ligueros-Saylan M, Zheng J
Dermatol Ther 2022 Apr;35(4):e15303. Epub 2022 Jan 17 doi: 10.1111/dth.15303. PMID: 34984792Free PMC Article
Reward-driven modulation of spatial attention in the human frontal eye-field.
Bourgeois A, Sterpenich V, Iannotti GR, Vuilleumier P
Neuroimage 2022 Feb 15;247:118846. Epub 2021 Dec 21 doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118846. PMID: 34942365
Reading and alexia.
Starrfelt R, Woodhead Z
Handb Clin Neurol 2021;178:213-232. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821377-3.00010-6. PMID: 33832678
Cognitive Rehabilitation of Acquired Calculation Disturbances.
Ardila A, Rosselli M
Behav Neurol 2019;2019:3151092. Epub 2019 Apr 4 doi: 10.1155/2019/3151092. PMID: 31093301Free PMC Article
A new neuropsychology for the XXI century.
Ardila A
Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2013 Dec;28(8):751-62. Epub 2013 May 23 doi: 10.1093/arclin/act036. PMID: 23702677

Recent systematic reviews

Antithrombotic treatment after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage.
Cochrane A, Chen C, Stephen J, Rønning OM, Anderson CS, Hankey GJ, Al-Shahi Salman R
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Jan 26;1(1):CD012144. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012144.pub3. PMID: 36700520Free PMC Article
Psychometrics of health-related quality of life questionnaires in bronchiectasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
McLeese RH, Spinou A, Alfahl Z, Tsagris M, Elborn JS, Chalmers JD, De Soyza A, Loebinger MR, Birring SS, Fragkos KC, Wilson R, O'Neill K, Bradley JM
Eur Respir J 2021 Nov;58(5) Epub 2021 Nov 11 doi: 10.1183/13993003.00025-2021. PMID: 33888521Free PMC Article
Aphasia and acquired reading impairments: What are the high-tech alternatives to compensate for reading deficits?
Cistola G, Farrús M, van der Meulen I
Int J Lang Commun Disord 2021 Jan;56(1):161-173. Epub 2020 Sep 12 doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.12569. PMID: 32918536
Diagnosis of aphasia in stroke populations: A systematic review of language tests.
Rohde A, Worrall L, Godecke E, O'Halloran R, Farrell A, Massey M
PLoS One 2018;13(3):e0194143. Epub 2018 Mar 22 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194143. PMID: 29566043Free PMC Article
Number reading in pure alexia--a review.
Starrfelt R, Behrmann M
Neuropsychologia 2011 Jul;49(9):2283-98. Epub 2011 May 4 doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.04.028. PMID: 21554892

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