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Increased circulating interleukin 21 concentration

MedGen UID:
1814330
•Concept ID:
C5676761
•
Finding
HPO: HP:0034166

Definition

An abnormally increased concentration of interleukin 21 in the blood circulation. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVIncreased circulating interleukin 21 concentration

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

An association of circulating Tregs and Th17 cells producing IL-21 and IL-22 with the ROMA in ovarian cancer patients.
Winkler I, Woś J, Karczmarczyk A, Miotła P, Gogacz M, Skorupska K, Rechberger T, Tabarkiewicz J, Wolińska E, Skrzypczak M
Cytokine 2020 Oct;134:155194. Epub 2020 Jul 21 doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155194. PMID: 32707423
Dysregulated TFR and TFH cells correlate with B-cell differentiation and antibody production in autoimmune hepatitis.
Liang M, Liwen Z, Juan D, Yun Z, Yanbo D, Jianping C
J Cell Mol Med 2020 Apr;24(7):3948-3957. Epub 2020 Mar 6 doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14997. PMID: 32142205Free PMC Article
Measurement of IL-21 in human serum and plasma using ultrasensitive MSD S-PLEX® and Quanterix SiMoA methodologies.
Poorbaugh J, Samanta T, Bright SW, Sissons SE, Chang CY, Oberoi P, MacDonald AJ, Martin AP, Cox KL, Benschop RJ
J Immunol Methods 2019 Mar;466:9-16. Epub 2018 Dec 24 doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.12.005. PMID: 30590020
Increased frequencies of memory and activated B cells and follicular helper T cells are positively associated with high levels of activation‑induced cytidine deaminase in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy.
Sun Y, Liu Z, Liu Y, Li X
Mol Med Rep 2015 Oct;12(4):5531-7. Epub 2015 Jul 9 doi: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4071. PMID: 26166388
Elevated production of B cell chemokine CXCL13 is correlated with systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity.
Wong CK, Wong PT, Tam LS, Li EK, Chen DP, Lam CW
J Clin Immunol 2010 Jan;30(1):45-52. Epub 2009 Sep 23 doi: 10.1007/s10875-009-9325-5. PMID: 19774453

Diagnosis

Serum CXCL13, BAFF, IL-21 and IL-22 levels are related to disease activity and lymphocyte profile in primary Sjögren's syndrome.
Loureiro-Amigo J, Franco-Jarava C, Perurena-Prieto J, Palacio C, Martínez-Valle F, Soláns-Laqué R
Clin Exp Rheumatol 2021 Nov-Dec;39 Suppl 133(6):131-139. Epub 2021 Dec 15 doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/fp741f. PMID: 34919042
Circulating CD4(+)  FoxP3(-)  CXCR5(-)  CXCR3(+)  PD-1(hi) cells are elevated in active rheumatoid arthritis and reflect the severity of the disease.
Zhao L, Li Z, Zeng X, Xia C, Xu L, Xu Q, Song Y, Liu C
Int J Rheum Dis 2021 Aug;24(8):1032-1039. Epub 2021 Jul 6 doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.14170. PMID: 34227243
Increased frequency of PD-1(hi)CXCR5(-) T cells and B cells in patients with newly diagnosed IgA nephropathy.
Wang X, Li T, Si R, Chen J, Qu Z, Jiang Y
Sci Rep 2020 Jan 16;10(1):492. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57324-8. PMID: 31949193Free PMC Article
Measurement of IL-21 in human serum and plasma using ultrasensitive MSD S-PLEX® and Quanterix SiMoA methodologies.
Poorbaugh J, Samanta T, Bright SW, Sissons SE, Chang CY, Oberoi P, MacDonald AJ, Martin AP, Cox KL, Benschop RJ
J Immunol Methods 2019 Mar;466:9-16. Epub 2018 Dec 24 doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.12.005. PMID: 30590020
Circulating CD4(+)CXCR5(+) T Cells Exacerbate B Cell Antibody Production in Crohn's Disease Through IL-21 Secretion.
Wang Z, Ding L, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhu N, Diao Y, Demmy TA, Haitsma JM, Lech-Maranda EE, Bangia NN, Czuczman MA, Qian X, Kovacs KL
Immunol Invest 2015;44(7):665-77. doi: 10.3109/08820139.2015.1074246. PMID: 26436852

Therapy

Long-Term Suppression of Circulating Proinflammatory Cytokines in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Following Autologous Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.
Hendrawan K, Khoo MLM, Visweswaran M, Massey JC, Withers B, Sutton I, Ma DDF, Moore JJ
Front Immunol 2021;12:782935. Epub 2022 Jan 19 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.782935. PMID: 35126353Free PMC Article
Circulating CD4(+)  FoxP3(-)  CXCR5(-)  CXCR3(+)  PD-1(hi) cells are elevated in active rheumatoid arthritis and reflect the severity of the disease.
Zhao L, Li Z, Zeng X, Xia C, Xu L, Xu Q, Song Y, Liu C
Int J Rheum Dis 2021 Aug;24(8):1032-1039. Epub 2021 Jul 6 doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.14170. PMID: 34227243
Increased frequency of PD-1(hi)CXCR5(-) T cells and B cells in patients with newly diagnosed IgA nephropathy.
Wang X, Li T, Si R, Chen J, Qu Z, Jiang Y
Sci Rep 2020 Jan 16;10(1):492. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57324-8. PMID: 31949193Free PMC Article
Inhibition of aberrant circulating Tfh cell proportions by corticosteroids in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Feng X, Wang D, Chen J, Lu L, Hua B, Li X, Tsao BP, Sun L
PLoS One 2012;7(12):e51982. Epub 2012 Dec 17 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051982. PMID: 23284839Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Measurement of IL-21 in human serum and plasma using ultrasensitive MSD S-PLEX® and Quanterix SiMoA methodologies.
Poorbaugh J, Samanta T, Bright SW, Sissons SE, Chang CY, Oberoi P, MacDonald AJ, Martin AP, Cox KL, Benschop RJ
J Immunol Methods 2019 Mar;466:9-16. Epub 2018 Dec 24 doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.12.005. PMID: 30590020
The functional potency of natural killer cells in response to IL-2/IL-15/IL-21 stimulation is limited by a concurrent upregulation of Tim-3 in bladder cancer.
Zhang W, Feng H, Chen Q, Lu X, Ge J
Exp Cell Res 2018 Nov 15;372(2):92-98. Epub 2018 Sep 20 doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.09.013. PMID: 30243902
Systemic DPP4 activity is reduced during primary HIV-1 infection and is associated with intestinal RORC(+) CD4(+) cell levels: a surrogate marker candidate of HIV-induced intestinal damage.
Ploquin MJ, Casrouge A, Madec Y, Noël N, Jacquelin B, Huot N, Duffy D, Jochems SP, Micci L, Lécuroux C, Boufassa F, Booiman T, Garcia-Tellez T, Ghislain M, Grand RL, Lambotte O, Kootstra N, Meyer L, Goujard C, Paiardini M, Albert ML, Müller-Trutwin M
J Int AIDS Soc 2018 Jul;21(7):e25144. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25144. PMID: 29987877Free PMC Article
Highest frequencies of interleukin-22-producing T helper cells in alcoholic hepatitis patients with a favourable short-term course.
Støy S, Sandahl TD, Dige AK, Agnholt J, Rasmussen TK, Grønbæk H, Deleuran B, Vilstrup H
PLoS One 2013;8(1):e55101. Epub 2013 Jan 25 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055101. PMID: 23372820Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Serum CXCL13, BAFF, IL-21 and IL-22 levels are related to disease activity and lymphocyte profile in primary Sjögren's syndrome.
Loureiro-Amigo J, Franco-Jarava C, Perurena-Prieto J, Palacio C, Martínez-Valle F, Soláns-Laqué R
Clin Exp Rheumatol 2021 Nov-Dec;39 Suppl 133(6):131-139. Epub 2021 Dec 15 doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/fp741f. PMID: 34919042
Circulating CD4(+)  FoxP3(-)  CXCR5(-)  CXCR3(+)  PD-1(hi) cells are elevated in active rheumatoid arthritis and reflect the severity of the disease.
Zhao L, Li Z, Zeng X, Xia C, Xu L, Xu Q, Song Y, Liu C
Int J Rheum Dis 2021 Aug;24(8):1032-1039. Epub 2021 Jul 6 doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.14170. PMID: 34227243
An association of circulating Tregs and Th17 cells producing IL-21 and IL-22 with the ROMA in ovarian cancer patients.
Winkler I, Woś J, Karczmarczyk A, Miotła P, Gogacz M, Skorupska K, Rechberger T, Tabarkiewicz J, Wolińska E, Skrzypczak M
Cytokine 2020 Oct;134:155194. Epub 2020 Jul 21 doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155194. PMID: 32707423
Measurement of IL-21 in human serum and plasma using ultrasensitive MSD S-PLEX® and Quanterix SiMoA methodologies.
Poorbaugh J, Samanta T, Bright SW, Sissons SE, Chang CY, Oberoi P, MacDonald AJ, Martin AP, Cox KL, Benschop RJ
J Immunol Methods 2019 Mar;466:9-16. Epub 2018 Dec 24 doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.12.005. PMID: 30590020
T follicular helper cells in patients with acute schistosomiasis.
Zhang Y, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Pan W, Liu H, Yin J, Shen Y, Cao J
Parasit Vectors 2016 Jun 6;9(1):321. doi: 10.1186/s13071-016-1602-6. PMID: 27266984Free PMC Article

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