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Neurodevelopmental disorder with growth retardation, dysmorphic facies, and corpus callosum abnormalities(NEDGFC)

MedGen UID:
1824024
Concept ID:
C5774251
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: NEDGFC; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH GROWTH RETARDATION, DYSMORPHIC FACIES, AND CORPUS CALLOSUM ABNORMALITIES
 
Gene (location): FRA10AC1 (10q23.33)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0859312
OMIM®: 620113

Definition

Neurodevelopmental disorder with growth retardation, dysmorphic facies, and corpus callosum abnormalities (NEDGFC) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by these cardinal features apparent from infancy. There is phenotypic variability both in disease manifestations and severity. More severely affected individuals are unable to walk independently, are nonverbal, and may have other anomalies, including congenital heart defects, feeding difficulties, or skeletal defects, whereas others show mildly delayed motor and speech acquisition with mild or borderline intellectual disability (summary by von Elsner et al., 2022). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Ulnar deviation of the hand
MedGen UID:
66031
Concept ID:
C0241521
Finding
Divergence of the longitudinal axis of the hand at the wrist in a posterior (ulnar) direction (i.e., towards the little finger).
Clinodactyly of the 5th finger
MedGen UID:
340456
Concept ID:
C1850049
Congenital Abnormality
Clinodactyly refers to a bending or curvature of the fifth finger in the radial direction (i.e., towards the 4th finger).
Proximal placement of thumb
MedGen UID:
356033
Concept ID:
C1865572
Finding
Proximal mislocalization of the thumb.
Clinodactyly of the 4th toe
MedGen UID:
866488
Concept ID:
C4020740
Finding
Bending or curvature of a fourth toe in the tibial direction (i.e., towards the big toe).
Clinodactyly of the 5th toe
MedGen UID:
871256
Concept ID:
C4025741
Anatomical Abnormality
Bending or curvature of a fifth toe in the tibial direction (i.e., towards the big toe).
Patent ductus arteriosus
MedGen UID:
4415
Concept ID:
C0013274
Congenital Abnormality
In utero, the ductus arteriosus (DA) serves to divert ventricular output away from the lungs and toward the placenta by connecting the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the first 3 days of life is a physiologic shunt in healthy term and preterm newborn infants, and normally is substantially closed within about 24 hours after bith and completely closed after about three weeks. Failure of physiologcal closure is referred to a persistent or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Depending on the degree of left-to-right shunting, PDA can have clinical consequences.
Patent foramen ovale
MedGen UID:
8891
Concept ID:
C0016522
Congenital Abnormality
Failure of the foramen ovale to seal postnatally, leaving a potential conduit between the left and right cardiac atria.
Ventricular septal defect
MedGen UID:
42366
Concept ID:
C0018818
Congenital Abnormality
A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum.
Pulmonary artery atresia
MedGen UID:
82723
Concept ID:
C0265908
Congenital Abnormality
A congenital anomaly with a narrowing or complete absence of the opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
Fetal growth restriction
MedGen UID:
4693
Concept ID:
C0015934
Pathologic Function
An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age.
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
Concept ID:
C0349588
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Postnatal growth retardation
MedGen UID:
395343
Concept ID:
C1859778
Finding
Slow or limited growth after birth.
Feeding difficulties
MedGen UID:
65429
Concept ID:
C0232466
Finding
Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.
Low-set ears
MedGen UID:
65980
Concept ID:
C0239234
Congenital Abnormality
Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.
Posteriorly rotated ears
MedGen UID:
96566
Concept ID:
C0431478
Congenital Abnormality
A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front).
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Sleep abnormality
MedGen UID:
52372
Concept ID:
C0037317
Finding
An abnormal pattern in the quality, quantity, or characteristics of sleep.
Corpus callosum, agenesis of
MedGen UID:
104498
Concept ID:
C0175754
Congenital Abnormality
The corpus callosum is the largest fiber tract in the central nervous system and the major interhemispheric fiber bundle in the brain. Formation of the corpus callosum begins as early as 6 weeks' gestation, with the first fibers crossing the midline at 11 to 12 weeks' gestation, and completion of the basic shape by age 18 to 20 weeks (Schell-Apacik et al., 2008). Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is one of the most frequent malformations in brain with a reported incidence ranging between 0.5 and 70 in 10,000 births. ACC is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition, which can be observed either as an isolated condition or as a manifestation in the context of a congenital syndrome (see MOLECULAR GENETICS and Dobyns, 1996). Also see mirror movements-1 and/or agenesis of the corpus callosum (MRMV1; 157600). Schell-Apacik et al. (2008) noted that there is confusion in the literature regarding radiologic terminology concerning partial absence of the corpus callosum, where various designations have been used, including hypogenesis, hypoplasia, partial agenesis, or dysgenesis.
Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum
MedGen UID:
138005
Concept ID:
C0344482
Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.
Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum
MedGen UID:
98127
Concept ID:
C0431368
Congenital Abnormality
A partial failure of the development of the corpus callosum.
Colpocephaly
MedGen UID:
98131
Concept ID:
C0431384
Congenital Abnormality
Colpocephaly is an anatomic finding in the brain manifested by occipital horns that are disproportionately enlarged in comparison with other parts of the lateral ventricles.
Delayed speech and language development
MedGen UID:
105318
Concept ID:
C0454644
Finding
A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.
Autistic behavior
MedGen UID:
163547
Concept ID:
C0856975
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Persistent deficits in social interaction and communication and interaction as well as a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest as well as repetitive patterns of behavior.
Motor delay
MedGen UID:
381392
Concept ID:
C1854301
Finding
A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.
Absent speech
MedGen UID:
340737
Concept ID:
C1854882
Finding
Complete lack of development of speech and language abilities.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Retrognathia
MedGen UID:
19766
Concept ID:
C0035353
Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality in which the mandible is mislocalised posteriorly.
Secondary microcephaly
MedGen UID:
608952
Concept ID:
C0431352
Finding
Head circumference which falls below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender because of insufficient head growth after birth.
Short sternum
MedGen UID:
108394
Concept ID:
C0575497
Finding
Decreased inferosuperior length of the sternum.
High forehead
MedGen UID:
65991
Concept ID:
C0239676
Finding
An abnormally increased height of the forehead.
Bulbous nose
MedGen UID:
66013
Concept ID:
C0240543
Finding
Increased volume and globular shape of the anteroinferior aspect of the nose.
High palate
MedGen UID:
66814
Concept ID:
C0240635
Congenital Abnormality
Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).
Smooth philtrum
MedGen UID:
222980
Concept ID:
C1142533
Finding
Flat skin surface, with no ridge formation in the central region of the upper lip between the nasal base and upper vermilion border.
Triangular face
MedGen UID:
324383
Concept ID:
C1835884
Finding
Facial contour, as viewed from the front, triangular in shape, with breadth at the temples and tapering to a narrow chin.
Long face
MedGen UID:
324419
Concept ID:
C1836047
Finding
Facial height (length) is more than 2 standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, an apparent increase in the height (length) of the face (subjective).
Thick vermilion border
MedGen UID:
332232
Concept ID:
C1836543
Finding
Increased width of the skin of vermilion border region of upper lip.
Narrow forehead
MedGen UID:
326956
Concept ID:
C1839758
Finding
Width of the forehead or distance between the frontotemporales is more than two standard deviations below the mean (objective); or apparently narrow intertemporal region (subjective).
Long nose
MedGen UID:
326583
Concept ID:
C1839798
Finding
Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations above the mean, or alternatively, an apparently increased length from the nasal root to the nasal base.
Pointed chin
MedGen UID:
336193
Concept ID:
C1844505
Finding
A marked tapering of the lower face to the chin.
Medial flaring of the eyebrow
MedGen UID:
336722
Concept ID:
C1844562
Finding
An abnormal distribution of eyebrow hair growth in the medial direction.
Broad eyebrow
MedGen UID:
344657
Concept ID:
C1856121
Finding
Regional increase in the width (height) of the eyebrow.
Narrow palpebral fissure
MedGen UID:
382506
Concept ID:
C2675021
Finding
Reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids.
Hypertrichosis
MedGen UID:
43787
Concept ID:
C0020555
Disease or Syndrome
Hypertrichosis is increased hair growth that is abnormal in quantity or location.
Synophrys
MedGen UID:
98132
Concept ID:
C0431447
Congenital Abnormality
Meeting of the medial eyebrows in the midline.
Nevus flammeus of the forehead
MedGen UID:
376454
Concept ID:
C1848850
Finding
Naevus flammeus localized in the skin of the forehead.
Oligohydramnios
MedGen UID:
86974
Concept ID:
C0079924
Pathologic Function
Diminished amniotic fluid volume in pregnancy.
Hypertelorism
MedGen UID:
9373
Concept ID:
C0020534
Finding
Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Szakszon K, Lourenco CM, Callewaert BL, Geneviève D, Rouxel F, Morin D, Denommé-Pichon AS, Vitobello A, Patterson WG, Louie R, Pinto E Vairo F, Klee E, Kaiwar C, Gavrilova RH, Agre KE, Jacquemont S, Khadijé J, Giltay J, van Gassen K, Merő G, Gerkes E, Van Bon BW, Rinne T, Pfundt R, Brunner HG, Caluseriu O, Grasshoff U, Kehrer M, Haack TB, Khelifa MM, Bergmann AK, Cueto-González AM, Martorell AC, Ramachandrappa S, Sawyer LB, Fasel P, Braun D, Isis A, Superti-Furga A, McNiven V, Chitayat D, Ahmed SA, Brennenstuhl H, Schwaibolf EM, Battisti G, Parmentier B, Stevens SJC
J Med Genet 2024 Jan 19;61(2):132-141. doi: 10.1136/jmg-2022-109030. PMID: 37580113

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Kalmár T, Maróti Z, Zimmermann A, Sztriha L
Brain Dev 2021 Jan;43(1):144-151. Epub 2020 Aug 11 doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.07.015. PMID: 32798076
Ehara H, Kurimasa A, Ohno K, Takeshita K
Pediatr Neurol 1998 May;18(5):445-51. doi: 10.1016/s0887-8994(97)00231-2. PMID: 9650690

Diagnosis

Yang F, Ding Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Li H, Yu T, Chang G, Wang X
Medicine (Baltimore) 2024 Jan 12;103(2):e35908. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035908. PMID: 38215144Free PMC Article
Szakszon K, Lourenco CM, Callewaert BL, Geneviève D, Rouxel F, Morin D, Denommé-Pichon AS, Vitobello A, Patterson WG, Louie R, Pinto E Vairo F, Klee E, Kaiwar C, Gavrilova RH, Agre KE, Jacquemont S, Khadijé J, Giltay J, van Gassen K, Merő G, Gerkes E, Van Bon BW, Rinne T, Pfundt R, Brunner HG, Caluseriu O, Grasshoff U, Kehrer M, Haack TB, Khelifa MM, Bergmann AK, Cueto-González AM, Martorell AC, Ramachandrappa S, Sawyer LB, Fasel P, Braun D, Isis A, Superti-Furga A, McNiven V, Chitayat D, Ahmed SA, Brennenstuhl H, Schwaibolf EM, Battisti G, Parmentier B, Stevens SJC
J Med Genet 2024 Jan 19;61(2):132-141. doi: 10.1136/jmg-2022-109030. PMID: 37580113
Park H, Kim MS, Kim J, Jang JH, Choi JM, Lee SM, Cho SY, Jin DK
Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2021 Jan;41(6):285-289. PMID: 33714239
Kalmár T, Maróti Z, Zimmermann A, Sztriha L
Brain Dev 2021 Jan;43(1):144-151. Epub 2020 Aug 11 doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.07.015. PMID: 32798076
Takagi M, Sasaki G, Mitsui T, Honda M, Tanaka Y, Hasegawa T
Eur J Med Genet 2013 Sep;56(9):526-8. Epub 2013 Jul 26 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2013.05.012. PMID: 23895774

Prognosis

Park H, Kim MS, Kim J, Jang JH, Choi JM, Lee SM, Cho SY, Jin DK
Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2021 Jan;41(6):285-289. PMID: 33714239
Ehara H, Kurimasa A, Ohno K, Takeshita K
Pediatr Neurol 1998 May;18(5):445-51. doi: 10.1016/s0887-8994(97)00231-2. PMID: 9650690

Clinical prediction guides

Szakszon K, Lourenco CM, Callewaert BL, Geneviève D, Rouxel F, Morin D, Denommé-Pichon AS, Vitobello A, Patterson WG, Louie R, Pinto E Vairo F, Klee E, Kaiwar C, Gavrilova RH, Agre KE, Jacquemont S, Khadijé J, Giltay J, van Gassen K, Merő G, Gerkes E, Van Bon BW, Rinne T, Pfundt R, Brunner HG, Caluseriu O, Grasshoff U, Kehrer M, Haack TB, Khelifa MM, Bergmann AK, Cueto-González AM, Martorell AC, Ramachandrappa S, Sawyer LB, Fasel P, Braun D, Isis A, Superti-Furga A, McNiven V, Chitayat D, Ahmed SA, Brennenstuhl H, Schwaibolf EM, Battisti G, Parmentier B, Stevens SJC
J Med Genet 2024 Jan 19;61(2):132-141. doi: 10.1136/jmg-2022-109030. PMID: 37580113
Park H, Kim MS, Kim J, Jang JH, Choi JM, Lee SM, Cho SY, Jin DK
Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2021 Jan;41(6):285-289. PMID: 33714239
Neuhäuser G, Kaveggia EG, Opitz JM
Eur J Pediatr 1976 Aug 16;123(1):15-28. doi: 10.1007/BF00497676. PMID: 954768

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