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Thalassemia

MedGen UID:
21121
Concept ID:
C0039730
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Thalassemias
SNOMED CT: Hereditary leptocytosis (40108008); Thalassemia syndrome (84188003); Thalassemia (40108008)
 
Related genes: HBB-LCR, HBB, HBA2, HBA1
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0000984

Definition

An inherited blood disorder characterized by a decreased synthesis of one of the polypeptide chains that form hemoglobin. Anemia results from this abnormal hemoglobin formation. [from NCI]

Additional description

From GeneReviews
Beta-thalassemia (β-thalassemia) is characterized by reduced synthesis of the hemoglobin subunit beta (hemoglobin beta chain) that results in microcytic hypochromic anemia, an abnormal peripheral blood smear with nucleated red blood cells, and reduced amounts of hemoglobin A (HbA) on hemoglobin analysis. Individuals with thalassemia major have severe anemia and hepatosplenomegaly; they usually come to medical attention within the first two years of life. Without treatment, affected children have severe failure to thrive and shortened life expectancy. Treatment with a regular transfusion program and chelation therapy, aimed at reducing transfusion iron overload, allows for normal growth and development and may improve the overall prognosis. Individuals with thalassemia intermedia present later and have milder anemia that does not require regular treatment with blood transfusion. These individuals are at risk for iron overload secondary to increased intestinal absorption of iron as a result of ineffective erythropoiesis.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Stanley AY, Wallace JB, Hernandez AM, Spell JL
MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2022 Jan-Feb 01;47(1):25-32. doi: 10.1097/NMC.0000000000000787. PMID: 34860784
Viprakasit V, Ekwattanakit S
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2018 Apr;32(2):193-211. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2017.11.006. PMID: 29458726
Massey AC
Med Clin North Am 1992 May;76(3):549-66. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30339-x. PMID: 1578956

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Wahidiyat PA, Sari TT, Rahmartani LD, Iskandar SD, Pratanata AM, Yapiy I, Setianingsih I, Atmakusuma TD, Lubis AM
Hemoglobin 2022 Jan;46(1):39-44. doi: 10.1080/03630269.2021.2023565. PMID: 35950580
Alwi ZB, Syed-Hassan SR
Hemoglobin 2022 Jan;46(1):45-52. doi: 10.1080/03630269.2022.2057326. PMID: 35950577
Galanello R, Origa R
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2010 May 21;5:11. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-11. PMID: 20492708Free PMC Article
Cao A, Galanello R
Genet Med 2010 Feb;12(2):61-76. doi: 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181cd68ed. PMID: 20098328
Muncie HL Jr, Campbell J
Am Fam Physician 2009 Aug 15;80(4):339-44. PMID: 19678601

Diagnosis

Origa R
Genet Med 2017 Jun;19(6):609-619. Epub 2016 Nov 3 doi: 10.1038/gim.2016.173. PMID: 27811859
Brancaleoni V, Di Pierro E, Motta I, Cappellini MD
Int J Lab Hematol 2016 May;38 Suppl 1:32-40. Epub 2016 May 16 doi: 10.1111/ijlh.12527. PMID: 27183541
Galanello R, Origa R
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2010 May 21;5:11. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-11. PMID: 20492708Free PMC Article
Cao A, Galanello R
Genet Med 2010 Feb;12(2):61-76. doi: 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181cd68ed. PMID: 20098328
Muncie HL Jr, Campbell J
Am Fam Physician 2009 Aug 15;80(4):339-44. PMID: 19678601

Therapy

Luthra R, Kaur S, Bhandari K
Life Sci 2021 Nov 1;284:119908. Epub 2021 Aug 25 doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119908. PMID: 34453943
Musallam KM, Bou-Fakhredin R, Cappellini MD, Taher AT
Am J Hematol 2021 Nov 1;96(11):1518-1531. Epub 2021 Aug 18 doi: 10.1002/ajh.26316. PMID: 34347889
Cappellini MD, Taher AT
Blood Adv 2021 Jan 12;5(1):326-333. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002725. PMID: 33570654Free PMC Article
Vichinsky E, Hoppe CC, Ataga KI, Ware RE, Nduba V, El-Beshlawy A, Hassab H, Achebe MM, Alkindi S, Brown RC, Diuguid DL, Telfer P, Tsitsikas DA, Elghandour A, Gordeuk VR, Kanter J, Abboud MR, Lehrer-Graiwer J, Tonda M, Intondi A, Tong B, Howard J; HOPE Trial Investigators
N Engl J Med 2019 Aug 8;381(6):509-519. Epub 2019 Jun 14 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1903212. PMID: 31199090
Gupta SC, Patchva S, Aggarwal BB
AAPS J 2013 Jan;15(1):195-218. Epub 2012 Nov 10 doi: 10.1208/s12248-012-9432-8. PMID: 23143785Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Ali S, Mumtaz S, Shakir HA, Khan M, Tahir HM, Mumtaz S, Mughal TA, Hassan A, Kazmi SAR, Sadia, Irfan M, Khan MA
Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021 Dec;9(12):e1788. Epub 2021 Nov 5 doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1788. PMID: 34738740Free PMC Article
Kattamis A, Forni GL, Aydinok Y, Viprakasit V
Eur J Haematol 2020 Dec;105(6):692-703. Epub 2020 Sep 21 doi: 10.1111/ejh.13512. PMID: 32886826Free PMC Article
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