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Cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome 3(COFS3)

MedGen UID:
342008
Concept ID:
C1851443
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: COFS3
 
Gene (location): ERCC5 (13q33.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014696
OMIM®: 616570

Definition

Cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome is a severe, progressive neurologic disorder characterized by prenatal onset of arthrogryposis, microcephaly, and growth failure. Postnatal features include severe developmental delay, congenital cataracts (in some), and marked UV sensitivity of the skin. Survival beyond 6 years of age is rare. COFS represents the severe end of the spectrum of disorders caused by mutations in nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes, with Cockayne syndrome and xeroderma pigmentosum being milder NER-related phenotypes (summary by Drury et al., 2014). For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome, see COFS1 (214150). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Clubfoot
MedGen UID:
3130
Concept ID:
C0009081
Congenital Abnormality
Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).
Congenital vertical talus
MedGen UID:
66821
Concept ID:
C0240912
Congenital Abnormality
Congenital vertical talus (CVT), also known as 'rocker-bottom foot' deformity, is a dislocation of the talonavicular joint characterized by vertical orientation of the talus with a rigid dorsal dislocation of the navicular, equinus deformity of the calcaneus, abduction deformity of the forefoot, and contracture of the soft tissues of the hind- and mid-foot. This condition is usually associated with multiple other congenital deformities and only rarely is an isolated deformity with familial occurrence (summary by Levinsohn et al., 2004). The condition is transmitted in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, and sometimes shows incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. There may be a broad spectrum of deformities, including flatfoot, talipes equinovarus (TEV or clubfoot), cavus foot, metatarsus adductus, and even hypoplasia of the tibia (summary by Dobbs et al., 2006).
Fetal growth restriction
MedGen UID:
4693
Concept ID:
C0015934
Pathologic Function
An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age.
Low-set ears
MedGen UID:
65980
Concept ID:
C0239234
Congenital Abnormality
Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.
Corpus callosum, agenesis of
MedGen UID:
104498
Concept ID:
C0175754
Congenital Abnormality
The corpus callosum is the largest fiber tract in the central nervous system and the major interhemispheric fiber bundle in the brain. Formation of the corpus callosum begins as early as 6 weeks' gestation, with the first fibers crossing the midline at 11 to 12 weeks' gestation, and completion of the basic shape by age 18 to 20 weeks (Schell-Apacik et al., 2008). Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is one of the most frequent malformations in brain with a reported incidence ranging between 0.5 and 70 in 10,000 births. ACC is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition, which can be observed either as an isolated condition or as a manifestation in the context of a congenital syndrome (see MOLECULAR GENETICS and Dobyns, 1996). Also see mirror movements-1 and/or agenesis of the corpus callosum (MRMV1; 157600). Schell-Apacik et al. (2008) noted that there is confusion in the literature regarding radiologic terminology concerning partial absence of the corpus callosum, where various designations have been used, including hypogenesis, hypoplasia, partial agenesis, or dysgenesis.
Cerebellar hypoplasia
MedGen UID:
120578
Concept ID:
C0266470
Congenital Abnormality
Cerebellar hypoplasia is a descriptive term implying a cerebellum with a reduced volume, but a normal shape and is stable over time.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Posterior fossa cyst
MedGen UID:
341753
Concept ID:
C1857353
Finding
A discrete posterior fossa cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection that does not communicate directly with the fourth ventricle.
Ventriculomegaly
MedGen UID:
480553
Concept ID:
C3278923
Finding
An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.
Micrognathia
MedGen UID:
44428
Concept ID:
C0025990
Congenital Abnormality
Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
Concept ID:
C4551563
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
MedGen UID:
1830310
Concept ID:
C5779613
Disease or Syndrome
Multiple congenital contractures in different body areas.
Edema
MedGen UID:
4451
Concept ID:
C0013604
Pathologic Function
An abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin, or in one or more cavities of the body.
Cleft palate
MedGen UID:
756015
Concept ID:
C2981150
Congenital Abnormality
Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).
Cutaneous photosensitivity
MedGen UID:
87601
Concept ID:
C0349506
Pathologic Function
An increased sensitivity of the skin to light. Photosensitivity may result in a rash upon exposure to the sun (which is known as photodermatosis). Photosensitivity can be diagnosed by phototests in which light is shone on small areas of skin.
Decreased fetal movement
MedGen UID:
68618
Concept ID:
C0235659
Finding
An abnormal reduction in quantity or strength of fetal movements.
Microphthalmia
MedGen UID:
10033
Concept ID:
C0026010
Congenital Abnormality
Microphthalmia is an eye abnormality that arises before birth. In this condition, one or both eyeballs are abnormally small. In some affected individuals, the eyeball may appear to be completely missing; however, even in these cases some remaining eye tissue is generally present. Such severe microphthalmia should be distinguished from another condition called anophthalmia, in which no eyeball forms at all. However, the terms anophthalmia and severe microphthalmia are often used interchangeably. Microphthalmia may or may not result in significant vision loss.\n\nPeople with microphthalmia may also have a condition called coloboma. Colobomas are missing pieces of tissue in structures that form the eye. They may appear as notches or gaps in the colored part of the eye called the iris; the retina, which is the specialized light-sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye; the blood vessel layer under the retina called the choroid; or in the optic nerves, which carry information from the eyes to the brain. Colobomas may be present in one or both eyes and, depending on their size and location, can affect a person's vision.\n\nPeople with microphthalmia may also have other eye abnormalities, including clouding of the lens of the eye (cataract) and a narrowed opening of the eye (narrowed palpebral fissure). Additionally, affected individuals may have an abnormality called microcornea, in which the clear front covering of the eye (cornea) is small and abnormally curved.\n\nBetween one-third and one-half of affected individuals have microphthalmia as part of a syndrome that affects other organs and tissues in the body. These forms of the condition are described as syndromic. When microphthalmia occurs by itself, it is described as nonsyndromic or isolated.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Drury S, Boustred C, Tekman M, Stanescu H, Kleta R, Lench N, Chitty LS, Scott RH
Am J Med Genet A 2014 Jul;164A(7):1777-83. Epub 2014 Apr 3 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36506. PMID: 24700531

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Peng S, Ma H, Hao X, Han R, Ji X, Wang L, Fang Y, Pang K, Il-Ho K, Chen X
Environ Res 2024 Feb 15;243:117777. Epub 2023 Nov 28 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117777. PMID: 38036208
Ferri D, Orioli D, Botta E
Clin Genet 2020 Jan;97(1):12-24. Epub 2019 Apr 22 doi: 10.1111/cge.13545. PMID: 30919937
Manandhar M, Boulware KS, Wood RD
Gene 2015 Sep 15;569(2):153-61. Epub 2015 Jun 12 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.026. PMID: 26074087Free PMC Article
Drury S, Boustred C, Tekman M, Stanescu H, Kleta R, Lench N, Chitty LS, Scott RH
Am J Med Genet A 2014 Jul;164A(7):1777-83. Epub 2014 Apr 3 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36506. PMID: 24700531
Rapin I
Handb Clin Neurol 2013;113:1637-50. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59565-2.00032-0. PMID: 23622385

Diagnosis

Ferri D, Orioli D, Botta E
Clin Genet 2020 Jan;97(1):12-24. Epub 2019 Apr 22 doi: 10.1111/cge.13545. PMID: 30919937
Manandhar M, Boulware KS, Wood RD
Gene 2015 Sep 15;569(2):153-61. Epub 2015 Jun 12 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.026. PMID: 26074087Free PMC Article
Drury S, Boustred C, Tekman M, Stanescu H, Kleta R, Lench N, Chitty LS, Scott RH
Am J Med Genet A 2014 Jul;164A(7):1777-83. Epub 2014 Apr 3 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36506. PMID: 24700531
Rapin I
Handb Clin Neurol 2013;113:1637-50. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59565-2.00032-0. PMID: 23622385
Graham JM Jr, Hennekam R, Dobyns WB, Roeder E, Busch D
Am J Med Genet A 2004 Jul 30;128A(3):235-45. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30060. PMID: 15216543

Prognosis

Reunert J, van den Heuvel A, Rust S, Marquardt T
Am J Med Genet A 2021 Mar;185(3):930-936. Epub 2020 Dec 27 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62048. PMID: 33369099
Panigrahi I, Shankar Prasad BA, Kaur H, Kalra J
Am J Med Genet A 2021 Feb;185(2):631-635. Epub 2020 Nov 21 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61979. PMID: 33219753
Jaspers NG, Raams A, Silengo MC, Wijgers N, Niedernhofer LJ, Robinson AR, Giglia-Mari G, Hoogstraten D, Kleijer WJ, Hoeijmakers JH, Vermeulen W
Am J Hum Genet 2007 Mar;80(3):457-66. Epub 2007 Jan 29 doi: 10.1086/512486. PMID: 17273966Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Panigrahi I, Shankar Prasad BA, Kaur H, Kalra J
Am J Med Genet A 2021 Feb;185(2):631-635. Epub 2020 Nov 21 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61979. PMID: 33219753

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