U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Tobacco addiction, susceptibility to

MedGen UID:
348778
•Concept ID:
C1861063
•
Finding
Synonym: CIGARETTE HABITUATION, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO
 
Genes (locations): CHRNA4 (20q13.33); CYP2A6 (19q13.2); GABBR2 (9q22.33); SLC6A3 (5p15.33)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0100460
OMIM®: 188890

Definition

An inherited susceptibility or predisposition to developing nicotine dependence. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Motivations for genetic testing for lung cancer risk among young smokers.
O'Neill SC, Lipkus IM, Sanderson SC, Shepperd J, Docherty S, McBride CM
Tob Control 2013 Nov;22(6):406-11. Epub 2012 Jun 28 doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050306. PMID: 22744911Free PMC Article
Impact of genetic variability in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on nicotine addiction and smoking cessation treatment.
Russo P, Cesario A, Rutella S, Veronesi G, Spaggiari L, Galetta D, Margaritora S, Granone P, Greenberg DS
Curr Med Chem 2011;18(1):91-112. doi: 10.2174/092986711793979715. PMID: 21110812
Neuroimaging, genetics and the treatment of nicotine addiction.
Ray R, Loughead J, Wang Z, Detre J, Yang E, Gur R, Lerman C
Behav Brain Res 2008 Nov 21;193(2):159-69. Epub 2008 Jun 5 doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.05.021. PMID: 18599130Free PMC Article

Curated

UK NICE Guideline NG209, Tobacco: preventing uptake, promoting quitting and treating dependence, 2023

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Addiction to Tobacco Smoking and Vaping.
Hernández-Pérez A, García-Gómez L, Robles-Hernández R, Thirión-Romero I, Osio-Echánove J, Rodríguez-Llamazares S, Baler R, Pérez-Padilla R
Rev Invest Clin 2023;75(3):158-168. doi: 10.24875/RIC.23000117. PMID: 37441760
The risk profile of electronic nicotine delivery systems, compared to traditional cigarettes, on oral disease: a review.
Zhang Q, Wen C
Front Public Health 2023;11:1146949. Epub 2023 May 15 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1146949. PMID: 37255760Free PMC Article
Genetic diversity fuels gene discovery for tobacco and alcohol use.
Saunders GRB, Wang X, Chen F, Jang SK, Liu M, Wang C, Gao S, Jiang Y, Khunsriraksakul C, Otto JM, Addison C, Akiyama M, Albert CM, Aliev F, Alonso A, Arnett DK, Ashley-Koch AE, Ashrani AA, Barnes KC, Barr RG, Bartz TM, Becker DM, Bielak LF, Benjamin EJ, Bis JC, Bjornsdottir G, Blangero J, Bleecker ER, Boardman JD, Boerwinkle E, Boomsma DI, Boorgula MP, Bowden DW, Brody JA, Cade BE, Chasman DI, Chavan S, Chen YI, Chen Z, Cheng I, Cho MH, Choquet H, Cole JW, Cornelis MC, Cucca F, Curran JE, de Andrade M, Dick DM, Docherty AR, Duggirala R, Eaton CB, Ehringer MA, Esko T, Faul JD, Fernandes Silva L, Fiorillo E, Fornage M, Freedman BI, Gabrielsen ME, Garrett ME, Gharib SA, Gieger C, Gillespie N, Glahn DC, Gordon SD, Gu CC, Gu D, Gudbjartsson DF, Guo X, Haessler J, Hall ME, Haller T, Harris KM, He J, Herd P, Hewitt JK, Hickie I, Hidalgo B, Hokanson JE, Hopfer C, Hottenga J, Hou L, Huang H, Hung YJ, Hunter DJ, Hveem K, Hwang SJ, Hwu CM, Iacono W, Irvin MR, Jee YH, Johnson EO, Joo YY, Jorgenson E, Justice AE, Kamatani Y, Kaplan RC, Kaprio J, Kardia SLR, Keller MC, Kelly TN, Kooperberg C, Korhonen T, Kraft P, Krauter K, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lasky-Su J, Lee WJ, Lee JJ, Levy D, Li L, Li K, Li Y, Lin K, Lind PA, Liu C, Lloyd-Jones DM, Lutz SM, Ma J, Mägi R, Manichaikul A, Martin NG, Mathur R, Matoba N, McArdle PF, McGue M, McQueen MB, Medland SE, Metspalu A, Meyers DA, Millwood IY, Mitchell BD, Mohlke KL, Moll M, Montasser ME, Morrison AC, Mulas A, Nielsen JB, North KE, Oelsner EC, Okada Y, Orrù V, Palmer ND, Palviainen T, Pandit A, Park SL, Peters U, Peters A, Peyser PA, Polderman TJC, Rafaels N, Redline S, Reed RM, Reiner AP, Rice JP, Rich SS, Richmond NE, Roan C, Rotter JI, Rueschman MN, Runarsdottir V, Saccone NL, Schwartz DA, Shadyab AH, Shi J, Shringarpure SS, Sicinski K, Skogholt AH, Smith JA, Smith NL, Sotoodehnia N, Stallings MC, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Stitzel JA, Sun X, Syed M, Tal-Singer R, Taylor AE, Taylor KD, Telen MJ, Thai KK, Tiwari H, Turman C, Tyrfingsson T, Wall TL, Walters RG, Weir DR, Weiss ST, White WB, Whitfield JB, Wiggins KL, Willemsen G, Willer CJ, Winsvold BS, Xu H, Yanek LR, Yin J, Young KL, Young KA, Yu B, Zhao W, Zhou W, Zöllner S, Zuccolo L; 23andMe Research Team; Biobank Japan Project, Batini C, Bergen AW, Bierut LJ, David SP, Gagliano Taliun SA, Hancock DB, Jiang B, Munafò MR, Thorgeirsson TE, Liu DJ, Vrieze S
Nature 2022 Dec;612(7941):720-724. Epub 2022 Dec 7 doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05477-4. PMID: 36477530Free PMC Article
Tobacco Use and Oral Health.
Ford PJ, Rich AM
Addiction 2021 Dec;116(12):3531-3540. Epub 2021 Apr 25 doi: 10.1111/add.15513. PMID: 33822437
Nicotine addiction causes unique detrimental effects on women's brains.
Raval AP
J Addict Dis 2011 Apr;30(2):149-58. doi: 10.1080/10550887.2011.554782. PMID: 21491296

Diagnosis

Genetic susceptibility to nicotine addiction: Advances and shortcomings in our understanding of the CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster contribution.
Icick R, Forget B, Cloëz-Tayarani I, Pons S, Maskos U, Besson M
Neuropharmacology 2020 Oct 15;177:108234. Epub 2020 Jul 29 doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108234. PMID: 32738310
A rare missense mutation in CHRNA4 associates with smoking behavior and its consequences.
Thorgeirsson TE, Steinberg S, Reginsson GW, Bjornsdottir G, Rafnar T, Jonsdottir I, Helgadottir A, Gretarsdottir S, Helgadottir H, Jonsson S, Matthiasson SE, Gislason T, Tyrfingsson T, Gudbjartsson T, Isaksson HJ, Hardardottir H, Sigvaldason A, Kiemeney LA, Haugen A, Zienolddiny S, Wolf HJ, Franklin WA, Panadero A, Mayordomo JI, Hall IP, Rönmark E, Lundbäck B, Dirksen A, Ashraf H, Pedersen JH, Masson G, Sulem P, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Stefansson K
Mol Psychiatry 2016 May;21(5):594-600. Epub 2016 Mar 8 doi: 10.1038/mp.2016.13. PMID: 26952864Free PMC Article
Variants near CHRNB3-CHRNA6 are associated with DSM-5 cocaine use disorder: evidence for pleiotropy.
Sadler B, Haller G, Agrawal A, Culverhouse R, Bucholz K, Brooks A, Tischfield J, Johnson EO, Edenberg H, Schuckit M, Saccone N, Bierut L, Goate A
Sci Rep 2014 Mar 28;4:4497. doi: 10.1038/srep04497. PMID: 24675634Free PMC Article
Are adolescents with ADHD interested in genetic testing for nicotine addiction susceptibility?
Herbert LJ, Walker LR, Sharff ME, Abraham AA, Tercyak KP
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2010 Apr;7(4):1694-707. Epub 2010 Apr 14 doi: 10.3390/ijerph7041694. PMID: 20617054Free PMC Article
Nicotine dependence, PTSD symptoms, and depression proneness among male and female smokers.
Thorndike FP, Wernicke R, Pearlman MY, Haaga DA
Addict Behav 2006 Feb;31(2):223-31. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.04.023. PMID: 15919158Free PMC Article

Therapy

Addiction to Tobacco Smoking and Vaping.
Hernández-Pérez A, García-Gómez L, Robles-Hernández R, Thirión-Romero I, Osio-Echánove J, Rodríguez-Llamazares S, Baler R, Pérez-Padilla R
Rev Invest Clin 2023;75(3):158-168. doi: 10.24875/RIC.23000117. PMID: 37441760
The risk profile of electronic nicotine delivery systems, compared to traditional cigarettes, on oral disease: a review.
Zhang Q, Wen C
Front Public Health 2023;11:1146949. Epub 2023 May 15 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1146949. PMID: 37255760Free PMC Article
Electronic Cigarette Harm and Benefit Perceptions and Use Among Youth.
Bernat D, Gasquet N, Wilson KO, Porter L, Choi K
Am J Prev Med 2018 Sep;55(3):361-367. Epub 2018 Jul 19 doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.04.043. PMID: 30031636Free PMC Article
Nicotinic receptors and nicotine addiction.
Changeux JP
C R Biol 2009 May;332(5):421-5. Epub 2009 Mar 20 doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2009.02.005. PMID: 19393973
Maternal transmission of nicotine dependence: psychiatric, neurocognitive and prenatal factors.
Niaura R, Bock B, Lloyd EE, Brown R, Lipsitt LP, Buka S
Am J Addict 2001 Winter;10(1):16-29. doi: 10.1080/105504901750160420. PMID: 11268825

Prognosis

Polygenic risk scores for nicotine use and family history of smoking are associated with smoking behaviour.
Foo JC, Völker MP, Streit F, Frank J, Zacharias N, Zillich L, Sirignano L, Nürnberg P, Wienker TF, Wagner M, Nöthen MM, Nothnagel M, Walter H, Lenz B, Spanagel R, Kiefer F, Winterer G, Rietschel M, Witt SH
Drug Alcohol Depend 2024 Oct 1;263:112415. Epub 2024 Aug 15 doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112415. PMID: 39197361
Genetic diversity fuels gene discovery for tobacco and alcohol use.
Saunders GRB, Wang X, Chen F, Jang SK, Liu M, Wang C, Gao S, Jiang Y, Khunsriraksakul C, Otto JM, Addison C, Akiyama M, Albert CM, Aliev F, Alonso A, Arnett DK, Ashley-Koch AE, Ashrani AA, Barnes KC, Barr RG, Bartz TM, Becker DM, Bielak LF, Benjamin EJ, Bis JC, Bjornsdottir G, Blangero J, Bleecker ER, Boardman JD, Boerwinkle E, Boomsma DI, Boorgula MP, Bowden DW, Brody JA, Cade BE, Chasman DI, Chavan S, Chen YI, Chen Z, Cheng I, Cho MH, Choquet H, Cole JW, Cornelis MC, Cucca F, Curran JE, de Andrade M, Dick DM, Docherty AR, Duggirala R, Eaton CB, Ehringer MA, Esko T, Faul JD, Fernandes Silva L, Fiorillo E, Fornage M, Freedman BI, Gabrielsen ME, Garrett ME, Gharib SA, Gieger C, Gillespie N, Glahn DC, Gordon SD, Gu CC, Gu D, Gudbjartsson DF, Guo X, Haessler J, Hall ME, Haller T, Harris KM, He J, Herd P, Hewitt JK, Hickie I, Hidalgo B, Hokanson JE, Hopfer C, Hottenga J, Hou L, Huang H, Hung YJ, Hunter DJ, Hveem K, Hwang SJ, Hwu CM, Iacono W, Irvin MR, Jee YH, Johnson EO, Joo YY, Jorgenson E, Justice AE, Kamatani Y, Kaplan RC, Kaprio J, Kardia SLR, Keller MC, Kelly TN, Kooperberg C, Korhonen T, Kraft P, Krauter K, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lasky-Su J, Lee WJ, Lee JJ, Levy D, Li L, Li K, Li Y, Lin K, Lind PA, Liu C, Lloyd-Jones DM, Lutz SM, Ma J, Mägi R, Manichaikul A, Martin NG, Mathur R, Matoba N, McArdle PF, McGue M, McQueen MB, Medland SE, Metspalu A, Meyers DA, Millwood IY, Mitchell BD, Mohlke KL, Moll M, Montasser ME, Morrison AC, Mulas A, Nielsen JB, North KE, Oelsner EC, Okada Y, Orrù V, Palmer ND, Palviainen T, Pandit A, Park SL, Peters U, Peters A, Peyser PA, Polderman TJC, Rafaels N, Redline S, Reed RM, Reiner AP, Rice JP, Rich SS, Richmond NE, Roan C, Rotter JI, Rueschman MN, Runarsdottir V, Saccone NL, Schwartz DA, Shadyab AH, Shi J, Shringarpure SS, Sicinski K, Skogholt AH, Smith JA, Smith NL, Sotoodehnia N, Stallings MC, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Stitzel JA, Sun X, Syed M, Tal-Singer R, Taylor AE, Taylor KD, Telen MJ, Thai KK, Tiwari H, Turman C, Tyrfingsson T, Wall TL, Walters RG, Weir DR, Weiss ST, White WB, Whitfield JB, Wiggins KL, Willemsen G, Willer CJ, Winsvold BS, Xu H, Yanek LR, Yin J, Young KL, Young KA, Yu B, Zhao W, Zhou W, Zöllner S, Zuccolo L; 23andMe Research Team; Biobank Japan Project, Batini C, Bergen AW, Bierut LJ, David SP, Gagliano Taliun SA, Hancock DB, Jiang B, Munafò MR, Thorgeirsson TE, Liu DJ, Vrieze S
Nature 2022 Dec;612(7941):720-724. Epub 2022 Dec 7 doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05477-4. PMID: 36477530Free PMC Article
Tobacco Use and Oral Health.
Ford PJ, Rich AM
Addiction 2021 Dec;116(12):3531-3540. Epub 2021 Apr 25 doi: 10.1111/add.15513. PMID: 33822437
Genome-wide meta-analysis reveals common splice site acceptor variant in CHRNA4 associated with nicotine dependence.
Hancock DB, Reginsson GW, Gaddis NC, Chen X, Saccone NL, Lutz SM, Qaiser B, Sherva R, Steinberg S, Zink F, Stacey SN, Glasheen C, Chen J, Gu F, Frederiksen BN, Loukola A, Gudbjartsson DF, Brüske I, Landi MT, Bickeböller H, Madden P, Farrer L, Kaprio J, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J, Baker TB, Kraft P, Amos CI, Caporaso NE, Hokanson JE, Bierut LJ, Thorgeirsson TE, Johnson EO, Stefansson K
Transl Psychiatry 2015 Oct 6;5(10):e651. doi: 10.1038/tp.2015.149. PMID: 26440539Free PMC Article
Molecular biology of lung cancer.
Kaye FJ
Lung Cancer 2001 Dec;34 Suppl 2:S35-41. doi: 10.1016/s0169-5002(01)00342-7. PMID: 11720739

Clinical prediction guides

Polygenic risk scores for nicotine use and family history of smoking are associated with smoking behaviour.
Foo JC, Völker MP, Streit F, Frank J, Zacharias N, Zillich L, Sirignano L, Nürnberg P, Wienker TF, Wagner M, Nöthen MM, Nothnagel M, Walter H, Lenz B, Spanagel R, Kiefer F, Winterer G, Rietschel M, Witt SH
Drug Alcohol Depend 2024 Oct 1;263:112415. Epub 2024 Aug 15 doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112415. PMID: 39197361
Genetic diversity fuels gene discovery for tobacco and alcohol use.
Saunders GRB, Wang X, Chen F, Jang SK, Liu M, Wang C, Gao S, Jiang Y, Khunsriraksakul C, Otto JM, Addison C, Akiyama M, Albert CM, Aliev F, Alonso A, Arnett DK, Ashley-Koch AE, Ashrani AA, Barnes KC, Barr RG, Bartz TM, Becker DM, Bielak LF, Benjamin EJ, Bis JC, Bjornsdottir G, Blangero J, Bleecker ER, Boardman JD, Boerwinkle E, Boomsma DI, Boorgula MP, Bowden DW, Brody JA, Cade BE, Chasman DI, Chavan S, Chen YI, Chen Z, Cheng I, Cho MH, Choquet H, Cole JW, Cornelis MC, Cucca F, Curran JE, de Andrade M, Dick DM, Docherty AR, Duggirala R, Eaton CB, Ehringer MA, Esko T, Faul JD, Fernandes Silva L, Fiorillo E, Fornage M, Freedman BI, Gabrielsen ME, Garrett ME, Gharib SA, Gieger C, Gillespie N, Glahn DC, Gordon SD, Gu CC, Gu D, Gudbjartsson DF, Guo X, Haessler J, Hall ME, Haller T, Harris KM, He J, Herd P, Hewitt JK, Hickie I, Hidalgo B, Hokanson JE, Hopfer C, Hottenga J, Hou L, Huang H, Hung YJ, Hunter DJ, Hveem K, Hwang SJ, Hwu CM, Iacono W, Irvin MR, Jee YH, Johnson EO, Joo YY, Jorgenson E, Justice AE, Kamatani Y, Kaplan RC, Kaprio J, Kardia SLR, Keller MC, Kelly TN, Kooperberg C, Korhonen T, Kraft P, Krauter K, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lasky-Su J, Lee WJ, Lee JJ, Levy D, Li L, Li K, Li Y, Lin K, Lind PA, Liu C, Lloyd-Jones DM, Lutz SM, Ma J, Mägi R, Manichaikul A, Martin NG, Mathur R, Matoba N, McArdle PF, McGue M, McQueen MB, Medland SE, Metspalu A, Meyers DA, Millwood IY, Mitchell BD, Mohlke KL, Moll M, Montasser ME, Morrison AC, Mulas A, Nielsen JB, North KE, Oelsner EC, Okada Y, Orrù V, Palmer ND, Palviainen T, Pandit A, Park SL, Peters U, Peters A, Peyser PA, Polderman TJC, Rafaels N, Redline S, Reed RM, Reiner AP, Rice JP, Rich SS, Richmond NE, Roan C, Rotter JI, Rueschman MN, Runarsdottir V, Saccone NL, Schwartz DA, Shadyab AH, Shi J, Shringarpure SS, Sicinski K, Skogholt AH, Smith JA, Smith NL, Sotoodehnia N, Stallings MC, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Stitzel JA, Sun X, Syed M, Tal-Singer R, Taylor AE, Taylor KD, Telen MJ, Thai KK, Tiwari H, Turman C, Tyrfingsson T, Wall TL, Walters RG, Weir DR, Weiss ST, White WB, Whitfield JB, Wiggins KL, Willemsen G, Willer CJ, Winsvold BS, Xu H, Yanek LR, Yin J, Young KL, Young KA, Yu B, Zhao W, Zhou W, Zöllner S, Zuccolo L; 23andMe Research Team; Biobank Japan Project, Batini C, Bergen AW, Bierut LJ, David SP, Gagliano Taliun SA, Hancock DB, Jiang B, Munafò MR, Thorgeirsson TE, Liu DJ, Vrieze S
Nature 2022 Dec;612(7941):720-724. Epub 2022 Dec 7 doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05477-4. PMID: 36477530Free PMC Article
A rare missense mutation in CHRNA4 associates with smoking behavior and its consequences.
Thorgeirsson TE, Steinberg S, Reginsson GW, Bjornsdottir G, Rafnar T, Jonsdottir I, Helgadottir A, Gretarsdottir S, Helgadottir H, Jonsson S, Matthiasson SE, Gislason T, Tyrfingsson T, Gudbjartsson T, Isaksson HJ, Hardardottir H, Sigvaldason A, Kiemeney LA, Haugen A, Zienolddiny S, Wolf HJ, Franklin WA, Panadero A, Mayordomo JI, Hall IP, Rönmark E, Lundbäck B, Dirksen A, Ashraf H, Pedersen JH, Masson G, Sulem P, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Stefansson K
Mol Psychiatry 2016 May;21(5):594-600. Epub 2016 Mar 8 doi: 10.1038/mp.2016.13. PMID: 26952864Free PMC Article
Genome-wide meta-analysis reveals common splice site acceptor variant in CHRNA4 associated with nicotine dependence.
Hancock DB, Reginsson GW, Gaddis NC, Chen X, Saccone NL, Lutz SM, Qaiser B, Sherva R, Steinberg S, Zink F, Stacey SN, Glasheen C, Chen J, Gu F, Frederiksen BN, Loukola A, Gudbjartsson DF, Brüske I, Landi MT, Bickeböller H, Madden P, Farrer L, Kaprio J, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J, Baker TB, Kraft P, Amos CI, Caporaso NE, Hokanson JE, Bierut LJ, Thorgeirsson TE, Johnson EO, Stefansson K
Transl Psychiatry 2015 Oct 6;5(10):e651. doi: 10.1038/tp.2015.149. PMID: 26440539Free PMC Article
Dissecting ancestry genomic background in substance dependence genome-wide association studies.
Polimanti R, Yang C, Zhao H, Gelernter J
Pharmacogenomics 2015;16(13):1487-98. Epub 2015 Aug 12 doi: 10.2217/pgs.15.91. PMID: 26267224Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Viral Vaping: A systematic review and meta analysis of e-cigarette and Tobacco-Related social media content and its influence on youth behaviours and attitudes.
Rutherford BN, Lim CCW, Cheng B, Sun T, Vu GT, Johnson B, Daniel Paul Ashley, Chung J, Huang S, Leung J, Stjepanović D, Connor JP, Chan GCK
Addict Behav 2023 Dec;147:107828. Epub 2023 Aug 6 doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107828. PMID: 37591107
A systematic review of qualitative research on substance use among refugees.
Saleh EA, Lazaridou FB, Klapprott F, Wazaify M, Heinz A, Kluge U
Addiction 2023 Feb;118(2):218-253. Epub 2022 Sep 5 doi: 10.1111/add.16021. PMID: 35929580
Common and distinguishing genetic factors for substance use behavior and disorder: an integrated analysis of genomic and transcriptomic studies from both human and animal studies.
Chang XW, Sun Y, Muhai JN, Li YY, Chen Y, Lu L, Chang SH, Shi J
Addiction 2022 Sep;117(9):2515-2529. Epub 2022 May 10 doi: 10.1111/add.15908. PMID: 35491750
To quit or not: Vulnerability of women to smoking tobacco.
Park SJ, Yi B, Lee HS, Oh WY, Na HK, Lee M, Yang M
J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev 2016;34(1):33-56. doi: 10.1080/10590501.2015.1131539. PMID: 26669465
Association of betel nut with carcinogenesis: revisit with a clinical perspective.
Sharan RN, Mehrotra R, Choudhury Y, Asotra K
PLoS One 2012;7(8):e42759. Epub 2012 Aug 13 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042759. PMID: 22912735Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Curated

    • NICE, 2023
      UK NICE Guideline NG209, Tobacco: preventing uptake, promoting quitting and treating dependence, 2023

    Reviews

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...