The legs angle inward, such that the knees are close together and the ankles far apart.

A bending or abnormal curvature of the humerus.

Proximal radial shortening owing to a congenital defect of development.

Underdevelopment of one or more carpal bones.

Decreased length of the tubular bones of the hand, that is, the phalanges and metacarpals.

Coxa vara includes all forms of decrease of the femoral neck shaft angle (the angle between the neck and the shaft of the femur) to less than 120 degrees.

A severe degree of short stature, more than -4 SD from the mean corrected for age and sex.

An abnormal curvature of the spine in both a coronal (lateral) and sagittal (back-to-front) plane.

An abnormal accentuation of the inward curvature of the spine in the lumbar region.

A flattened vertebral body shape with reduced distance between the vertebral endplates.

Wide, concave anterior rib end.

One or more abnormally short long bone.

The sacroiliac joint in the bony pelvis connects the sacrum and the ilium of the pelvis, which are joined by strong ligaments. The notch is located directly superior to the joint. This term refers to a reduction in the height of the notch.

Underdevelopment of the bony pelvis.

Irregularity of the normally smooth surface of a metaphysis of a tibia.

A heterogeneous group of disorders associated with walking and growth disturbances that become evident during the second year of life. Characteristics are platyspondyly (flattened vertebrae) and marked hip and knee metaphyseal lesions. The different forms of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia are distinguished by the localisation and severity of involvement of the affected metaphyses.

The presence of dysplastic regions in metaphyseal regions.

Nearsightedness, also known as myopia, is an eye condition that causes blurry distance vision. People who are nearsighted have more trouble seeing things that are far away (such as when driving) than things that are close up (such as when reading or using a computer). If it is not treated with corrective lenses or surgery, nearsightedness can lead to squinting, eyestrain, headaches, and significant visual impairment.\n\nNearsightedness usually begins in childhood or adolescence. It tends to worsen with age until adulthood, when it may stop getting worse (stabilize). In some people, nearsightedness improves in later adulthood.\n\nFor normal vision, light passes through the clear cornea at the front of the eye and is focused by the lens onto the surface of the retina, which is the lining of the back of the eye that contains light-sensing cells. People who are nearsighted typically have eyeballs that are too long from front to back. As a result, light entering the eye is focused too far forward, in front of the retina instead of on its surface. It is this change that causes distant objects to appear blurry. The longer the eyeball is, the farther forward light rays will be focused and the more severely nearsighted a person will be.\n\nNearsightedness is measured by how powerful a lens must be to correct it. The standard unit of lens power is called a diopter. Negative (minus) powered lenses are used to correct nearsightedness. The more severe a person's nearsightedness, the larger the number of diopters required for correction. In an individual with nearsightedness, one eye may be more nearsighted than the other.\n\nEye doctors often refer to nearsightedness less than -5 or -6 diopters as "common myopia." Nearsightedness of -6 diopters or more is commonly called "high myopia." This distinction is important because high myopia increases a person's risk of developing other eye problems that can lead to permanent vision loss or blindness. These problems include tearing and detachment of the retina, clouding of the lens (cataract), and an eye disease called glaucoma that is usually related to increased pressure within the eye. The risk of these other eye problems increases with the severity of the nearsightedness. The term "pathological myopia" is used to describe cases in which high myopia leads to tissue damage within the eye.