Cryptorchidism, or failure of testicular descent, is a common human congenital abnormality with a multifactorial etiology that likely reflects the involvement of endocrine, environmental, and hereditary factors. Cryptorchidism can result in infertility and increases risk for testicular tumors. Testicular descent from abdomen to scrotum occurs in 2 distinct phases: the transabdominal phase and the inguinoscrotal phase (summary by Gorlov et al., 2002).

Hypoplasia (congenital reduction in size) of the thumb.

A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.

An abnormality of the antihelix.

A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.

A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule.

Absence of a region of the retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid.