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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

MedGen UID:
4033
•Concept ID:
C0014059
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitides; Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis; Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, Acute; Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated
SNOMED CT: ADEM - Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (83942000); Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (83942000)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
•Concept ID:
CN307044
•
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
See: This record
Not genetically inherited (Orphanet)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0019383
Orphanet: ORPHA83597

Definition

A demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. [from ORDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: International MOGAD Panel proposed criteria.
Banwell B, Bennett JL, Marignier R, Kim HJ, Brilot F, Flanagan EP, Ramanathan S, Waters P, Tenembaum S, Graves JS, Chitnis T, Brandt AU, Hemingway C, Neuteboom R, Pandit L, Reindl M, Saiz A, Sato DK, Rostasy K, Paul F, Pittock SJ, Fujihara K, Palace J
Lancet Neurol 2023 Mar;22(3):268-282. Epub 2023 Jan 24 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00431-8. PMID: 36706773
Assessment and Management of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in the Pediatric Patient.
Wang CX
Paediatr Drugs 2021 May;23(3):213-221. Epub 2021 Apr 8 doi: 10.1007/s40272-021-00441-7. PMID: 33830467Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Encephalitis in Children.
Aneja S, Sharma S
Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan;86(1):70-75. Epub 2018 Sep 19 doi: 10.1007/s12098-018-2775-0. PMID: 30232787

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Seronegative autoimmune encephalitis: clinical characteristics and factors associated with outcomes.
Lee WJ, Lee HS, Kim DY, Lee HS, Moon J, Park KI, Lee SK, Chu K, Lee ST
Brain 2022 Oct 21;145(10):3509-3521. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac166. PMID: 35512357
Pediatric autoimmune encephalitis: Recognition and diagnosis.
de Bruijn MAAM, Bruijstens AL, Bastiaansen AEM, van Sonderen A, Schreurs MWJ, Sillevis Smitt PAE, Hintzen RQ, Neuteboom RF, Titulaer MJ; CHANCE Study Group
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020 May;7(3) Epub 2020 Feb 11 doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000682. PMID: 32047077Free PMC Article
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in neurological disease.
Reindl M, Waters P
Nat Rev Neurol 2019 Feb;15(2):89-102. doi: 10.1038/s41582-018-0112-x. PMID: 30559466
Pediatric multiple sclerosis: a review.
Alroughani R, Boyko A
BMC Neurol 2018 Mar 9;18(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s12883-018-1026-3. PMID: 29523094Free PMC Article
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.
Höftberger R, Lassmann H
Handb Clin Neurol 2017;145:263-283. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-802395-2.00019-5. PMID: 28987175Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Clare E
JAAPA 2022 Sep 1;35(9):32-35. doi: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000832604.33045.9d. PMID: 36007116
Central neuroinflammation in Covid-19: a systematic review of 182 cases with encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and necrotizing encephalopathies.
Zamani R, Pouremamali R, Rezaei N
Rev Neurosci 2022 Jun 27;33(4):397-412. Epub 2021 Sep 17 doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0082. PMID: 34536341
Assessment and Management of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in the Pediatric Patient.
Wang CX
Paediatr Drugs 2021 May;23(3):213-221. Epub 2021 Apr 8 doi: 10.1007/s40272-021-00441-7. PMID: 33830467Free PMC Article
Viral Encephalitis.
Venkatesan A, Murphy OC
Neurol Clin 2018 Nov;36(4):705-724. Epub 2018 Sep 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2018.07.001. PMID: 30366550
Pediatric multiple sclerosis: a review.
Alroughani R, Boyko A
BMC Neurol 2018 Mar 9;18(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s12883-018-1026-3. PMID: 29523094Free PMC Article

Therapy

Tumefactive Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis.
Z Ghali MG
Neurol India 2020 Jan-Feb;68(1):35-41. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.279688. PMID: 32129240
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Encephalitis in Children.
Aneja S, Sharma S
Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan;86(1):70-75. Epub 2018 Sep 19 doi: 10.1007/s12098-018-2775-0. PMID: 30232787
Pediatric multiple sclerosis: a review.
Alroughani R, Boyko A
BMC Neurol 2018 Mar 9;18(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s12883-018-1026-3. PMID: 29523094Free PMC Article
Clinical course, therapeutic responses and outcomes in relapsing MOG antibody-associated demyelination.
Ramanathan S, Mohammad S, Tantsis E, Nguyen TK, Merheb V, Fung VSC, White OB, Broadley S, Lechner-Scott J, Vucic S, Henderson APD, Barnett MH, Reddel SW, Brilot F, Dale RC; Australasian and New Zealand MOG Study Group
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018 Feb;89(2):127-137. Epub 2017 Nov 15 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-316880. PMID: 29142145Free PMC Article
Pulse steroid therapy.
Sinha A, Bagga A
Indian J Pediatr 2008 Oct;75(10):1057-66. Epub 2008 Nov 21 doi: 10.1007/s12098-008-0210-7. PMID: 19023530

Prognosis

Seronegative autoimmune encephalitis: clinical characteristics and factors associated with outcomes.
Lee WJ, Lee HS, Kim DY, Lee HS, Moon J, Park KI, Lee SK, Chu K, Lee ST
Brain 2022 Oct 21;145(10):3509-3521. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac166. PMID: 35512357
Assessment and Management of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in the Pediatric Patient.
Wang CX
Paediatr Drugs 2021 May;23(3):213-221. Epub 2021 Apr 8 doi: 10.1007/s40272-021-00441-7. PMID: 33830467Free PMC Article
Pediatric multiple sclerosis: a review.
Alroughani R, Boyko A
BMC Neurol 2018 Mar 9;18(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s12883-018-1026-3. PMID: 29523094Free PMC Article
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.
Höftberger R, Lassmann H
Handb Clin Neurol 2017;145:263-283. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-802395-2.00019-5. PMID: 28987175Free PMC Article
The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the various related demyelinating syndromes: a critical review.
Karussis D
J Autoimmun 2014 Feb-Mar;48-49:134-42. Epub 2014 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.022. PMID: 24524923

Clinical prediction guides

Diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: International MOGAD Panel proposed criteria.
Banwell B, Bennett JL, Marignier R, Kim HJ, Brilot F, Flanagan EP, Ramanathan S, Waters P, Tenembaum S, Graves JS, Chitnis T, Brandt AU, Hemingway C, Neuteboom R, Pandit L, Reindl M, Saiz A, Sato DK, Rostasy K, Paul F, Pittock SJ, Fujihara K, Palace J
Lancet Neurol 2023 Mar;22(3):268-282. Epub 2023 Jan 24 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00431-8. PMID: 36706773
Neurological Complications of Dengue Fever.
Trivedi S, Chakravarty A
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2022 Aug;22(8):515-529. Epub 2022 Jun 21 doi: 10.1007/s11910-022-01213-7. PMID: 35727463Free PMC Article
Seronegative autoimmune encephalitis: clinical characteristics and factors associated with outcomes.
Lee WJ, Lee HS, Kim DY, Lee HS, Moon J, Park KI, Lee SK, Chu K, Lee ST
Brain 2022 Oct 21;145(10):3509-3521. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac166. PMID: 35512357
MOG encephalomyelitis: international recommendations on diagnosis and antibody testing.
Jarius S, Paul F, Aktas O, Asgari N, Dale RC, de Seze J, Franciotta D, Fujihara K, Jacob A, Kim HJ, Kleiter I, Kümpfel T, Levy M, Palace J, Ruprecht K, Saiz A, Trebst C, Weinshenker BG, Wildemann B
J Neuroinflammation 2018 May 3;15(1):134. doi: 10.1186/s12974-018-1144-2. PMID: 29724224Free PMC Article
The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the various related demyelinating syndromes: a critical review.
Karussis D
J Autoimmun 2014 Feb-Mar;48-49:134-42. Epub 2014 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.022. PMID: 24524923

Recent systematic reviews

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) following COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review.
Nabizadeh F, Noori M, Rahmani S, Hosseini H
J Clin Neurosci 2023 May;111:57-70. Epub 2023 Mar 22 doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.03.008. PMID: 36963124Free PMC Article
Central neuroinflammation in Covid-19: a systematic review of 182 cases with encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and necrotizing encephalopathies.
Zamani R, Pouremamali R, Rezaei N
Rev Neurosci 2022 Jun 27;33(4):397-412. Epub 2021 Sep 17 doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0082. PMID: 34536341
SARS-CoV-2-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: a systematic review of the literature.
Wang Y, Wang Y, Huo L, Li Q, Chen J, Wang H
J Neurol 2022 Mar;269(3):1071-1092. Epub 2021 Aug 30 doi: 10.1007/s00415-021-10771-8. PMID: 34459986Free PMC Article
Multiple Sclerosis-Minimizing Errors in Radiological Diagnosis.
Boski N, Gulati V, Raj R, Gulati P
Neurol India 2021 Nov-Dec;69(6):1539-1546. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.333497. PMID: 34979638
Acute Transverse Myelitis (ATM):Clinical Review of 43 Patients With COVID-19-Associated ATM and 3 Post-Vaccination ATM Serious Adverse Events With the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine (AZD1222).
Román GC, Gracia F, Torres A, Palacios A, Gracia K, Harris D
Front Immunol 2021;12:653786. Epub 2021 Apr 26 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653786. PMID: 33981305Free PMC Article

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