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Triplet pregnancy

MedGen UID:
452129
•Concept ID:
C0152151
•
Pathologic Function
Synonyms: Pregnancies, Triplet; Pregnancy, Triplet; Triplet Pregnancies; Triplet Pregnancy
SNOMED CT: Triplet pregnancy (64254006)

Definition

A pregnancy involving three fetuses. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVTriplet pregnancy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Craniopagus and rachipagus conjoined twins in triplet pregnancy: challenges in early prenatal diagnosis at 12 weeks.
Yang Z, Xi J, Shu N, Liu F, Zhou L, Lin Y
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022 Nov;60(5):700-702. doi: 10.1002/uog.26016. PMID: 35751887
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and management of body stalk anomaly: analysis of nine singleton and two multiple pregnancies.
Smrcek JM, Germer U, Krokowski M, Berg C, Krapp M, Geipel A, Gembruch U
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003 Apr;21(4):322-8. doi: 10.1002/uog.84. PMID: 12704737
Management of triplet pregnancy.
Pons JC, Mayenga JM, Plu G, Forman RG, Papiernik E
Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 1988;37(1):99-103. doi: 10.1017/s0001566000004311. PMID: 3066097

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Bleeding epulis gravidarum: what to evaluate?
Iorio GG, Carbone L, Donadono V, Rovetto MY, Sarno L, Saccone G, Mazzarelli LL, Sirico A, Esposito G, Buonfantino C, DI Girolamo R, Arduino B, D'Alessandro P, Maruotti GM
Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2022 Apr;74(2):171-177. doi: 10.23736/S2724-606X.21.04960-5. PMID: 35421917
Cardiovascular function during triplet pregnancy.
Meah VL, Khurana R, Hornberger LK, Steinback CD, Davenport MH
J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021 Apr 1;130(4):1286-1292. Epub 2021 Jan 28 doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00998.2020. PMID: 33507851
Triplet pregnancy: What do we tell the prospective parents.
Mhatre M, Craigo S
Prenat Diagn 2021 Nov;41(12):1593-1601. Epub 2021 Apr 1 doi: 10.1002/pd.5852. PMID: 33080664
Higher-order Multiples.
Stone J, Kohari KS
Clin Obstet Gynecol 2015 Sep;58(3):668-75. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000121. PMID: 26165180
Nutrition and multifetal pregnancy.
Brown JE, Carlson M
J Am Diet Assoc 2000 Mar;100(3):343-8. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00105-X. PMID: 10719409

Diagnosis

Bleeding epulis gravidarum: what to evaluate?
Iorio GG, Carbone L, Donadono V, Rovetto MY, Sarno L, Saccone G, Mazzarelli LL, Sirico A, Esposito G, Buonfantino C, DI Girolamo R, Arduino B, D'Alessandro P, Maruotti GM
Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2022 Apr;74(2):171-177. doi: 10.23736/S2724-606X.21.04960-5. PMID: 35421917
Triplet pregnancy: What do we tell the prospective parents.
Mhatre M, Craigo S
Prenat Diagn 2021 Nov;41(12):1593-1601. Epub 2021 Apr 1 doi: 10.1002/pd.5852. PMID: 33080664
Spontaneous heterotopic triplets - A review of literature.
Bataille P, Reynard A, Ducarme G
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2017 Oct;46(8):657-659. Epub 2017 May 24 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2017.05.008. PMID: 28549987
Higher-order Multiples.
Stone J, Kohari KS
Clin Obstet Gynecol 2015 Sep;58(3):668-75. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000121. PMID: 26165180
Acardiac anomaly.
Loh SF, Tee CS, Chew SY
Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1994 May;45(2):153-7. doi: 10.1016/0020-7292(94)90123-6. PMID: 7915684

Therapy

General Principles for Counseling and Management of Triplet Pregnancies.
Mhatre M, Craigo S
Clin Obstet Gynecol 2023 Dec 1;66(4):854-863. Epub 2023 Nov 13 doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000814. PMID: 37963347
Bleeding epulis gravidarum: what to evaluate?
Iorio GG, Carbone L, Donadono V, Rovetto MY, Sarno L, Saccone G, Mazzarelli LL, Sirico A, Esposito G, Buonfantino C, DI Girolamo R, Arduino B, D'Alessandro P, Maruotti GM
Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2022 Apr;74(2):171-177. doi: 10.23736/S2724-606X.21.04960-5. PMID: 35421917
Fetal reduction of triplet pregnancies to twins vs singletons: a meta-analysis of survival and pregnancy outcome.
Hessami K, Evans MI, Nassr AA, Espinoza J, Donepudi RV, Cortes MS, Krispin E, Mostafaei S, Belfort MA, Shamshirsaz AA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 Sep;227(3):430-439.e5. Epub 2022 Mar 26 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.03.050. PMID: 35351408
17-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate in triplet pregnancy: an individual patient data meta-analysis.
Combs CA, Schuit E, Caritis SN, Lim AC, Garite TJ, Maurel K, Rouse D, Thom E, Tita AT, Mol B; Global Obstetrics Network (GONet) collaboration
BJOG 2016 Apr;123(5):682-90. Epub 2015 Dec 10 doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.13779. PMID: 26663620Free PMC Article
Multifetal Gestation: Mode of Delivery.
Monson M, Silver RM
Clin Obstet Gynecol 2015 Sep;58(3):690-702. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000138. PMID: 26165179

Prognosis

Triplet pregnancy: What do we tell the prospective parents.
Mhatre M, Craigo S
Prenat Diagn 2021 Nov;41(12):1593-1601. Epub 2021 Apr 1 doi: 10.1002/pd.5852. PMID: 33080664
Cervical length dynamics in triplet pregnancies: a retrospective cohort study.
Pils S, Springer S, Wehrmann V, Chalubinski K, Ott J
Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017 Aug;296(2):191-198. Epub 2017 May 24 doi: 10.1007/s00404-017-4402-0. PMID: 28540576Free PMC Article
Nutrition and multifetal pregnancy.
Brown JE, Carlson M
J Am Diet Assoc 2000 Mar;100(3):343-8. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00105-X. PMID: 10719409
Triplet pregnancy.
Daw E
Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1978 Jul;85(7):505-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1978.tb15623.x. PMID: 678485
Triplet pregnancy.
Dawood MY
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1973 Feb;13(1):15-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1973.tb02272.x. PMID: 4514542

Clinical prediction guides

Cardiovascular function during triplet pregnancy.
Meah VL, Khurana R, Hornberger LK, Steinback CD, Davenport MH
J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021 Apr 1;130(4):1286-1292. Epub 2021 Jan 28 doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00998.2020. PMID: 33507851
Triplet pregnancy: What do we tell the prospective parents.
Mhatre M, Craigo S
Prenat Diagn 2021 Nov;41(12):1593-1601. Epub 2021 Apr 1 doi: 10.1002/pd.5852. PMID: 33080664
Cervical length dynamics in triplet pregnancies: a retrospective cohort study.
Pils S, Springer S, Wehrmann V, Chalubinski K, Ott J
Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017 Aug;296(2):191-198. Epub 2017 May 24 doi: 10.1007/s00404-017-4402-0. PMID: 28540576Free PMC Article
17-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate in triplet pregnancy: an individual patient data meta-analysis.
Combs CA, Schuit E, Caritis SN, Lim AC, Garite TJ, Maurel K, Rouse D, Thom E, Tita AT, Mol B; Global Obstetrics Network (GONet) collaboration
BJOG 2016 Apr;123(5):682-90. Epub 2015 Dec 10 doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.13779. PMID: 26663620Free PMC Article
First-trimester screening in triplets.
Krantz DA, Hallahan TW, He K, Sherwin JE, Evans MI
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011 Oct;205(4):364.e1-5. Epub 2011 Aug 27 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.06.107. PMID: 22083057

Recent systematic reviews

Fetal reduction of triplet pregnancies to twins vs singletons: a meta-analysis of survival and pregnancy outcome.
Hessami K, Evans MI, Nassr AA, Espinoza J, Donepudi RV, Cortes MS, Krispin E, Mostafaei S, Belfort MA, Shamshirsaz AA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 Sep;227(3):430-439.e5. Epub 2022 Mar 26 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.03.050. PMID: 35351408
Perinatal outcomes of fetoscopic laser surgery for twin-twin transfusion syndrome in triplet pregnancy: cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis.
Mustafa HJ, Javinani A, Krispin E, Tadbiri H, Shamshirsaz AA, Espinoza J, Nassr AA, Donepudi R, Belfort MA, Sanz Cortes M, Harman C, Turan OM
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022 Jul;60(1):42-51. doi: 10.1002/uog.24887. PMID: 35229918
Perinatal mortality and morbidity in triplet pregnancy according to chorionicity: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Curado J, D'antonio F, Papageorghiou AT, Bhide A, Thilaganathan B, Khalil A
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019 Nov;54(5):589-595. doi: 10.1002/uog.20209. PMID: 30584681
Multifetal reduction of triplets to twins compared with non-reduced twins: a meta-analysis.
Zipori Y, Haas J, Berger H, Barzilay E
Reprod Biomed Online 2017 Jul;35(1):87-93. Epub 2017 Apr 10 doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.04.001. PMID: 28434652
Hospitalisation and bed rest for multiple pregnancy.
Crowther CA, Han S
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010 Jul 7;2010(7):CD000110. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000110.pub2. PMID: 20614420Free PMC Article

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