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Meckel syndrome, type 9(MKS9)

MedGen UID:
481785
Concept ID:
C3280155
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: B9D1-Related Meckel Syndrome; MKS9
 
Gene (location): B9D1 (17p11.2)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0013630
OMIM®: 614209

Definition

Meckel syndrome is a severe autosomal recessive ciliopathy classically defined by the triad of encephalocele, polydactyly, and renal and biliary ductal dysplasia (summary by Hopp et al., 2011). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Meckel syndrome, see MKS1 (249000). [from OMIM]

Additional description

From MedlinePlus Genetics
Other signs and symptoms of Meckel syndrome vary widely among affected individuals. Numerous abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) have been reported in people with Meckel syndrome, including a group of birth defects known as neural tube defects. These defects occur when a structure called the neural tube, a layer of cells that ultimately develops into the brain and spinal cord, fails to close completely during the first few weeks of embryonic development. Meckel syndrome can also cause problems with development of the eyes and other facial features, heart, bones, urinary system, and genitalia.

Because of their serious health problems, most individuals with Meckel syndrome die before or shortly after birth. Most often, affected infants die of respiratory problems or kidney failure.

Meckel syndrome is a disorder with severe signs and symptoms that affect many parts of the body. The most common features are enlarged kidneys with numerous fluid-filled cysts; an occipital encephalocele, which is a sac-like protrusion of the brain through an opening at the back of the skull; and the presence of extra fingers and toes (polydactyly). Most affected individuals also have a buildup of scar tissue (fibrosis) in the liver.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/meckel-syndrome

Clinical features

From HPO
Ambiguous genitalia
MedGen UID:
78596
Concept ID:
C0266362
Congenital Abnormality
A genital phenotype that is not clearly assignable to a single gender. Ambiguous genitalia can be evaluated using the Prader scale
Multicystic kidney dysplasia
MedGen UID:
811388
Concept ID:
C3714581
Disease or Syndrome
Multicystic dysplasia of the kidney is characterized by multiple cysts of varying size in the kidney and the absence of a normal pelvicaliceal system. The condition is associated with ureteral or ureteropelvic atresia, and the affected kidney is nonfunctional.
Clubfoot
MedGen UID:
3130
Concept ID:
C0009081
Congenital Abnormality
Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).
Limb undergrowth
MedGen UID:
116086
Concept ID:
C0239399
Finding
Limb shortening because of underdevelopment of one or more bones of the extremities.
Occipital encephalocele
MedGen UID:
4935
Concept ID:
C0014067
Congenital Abnormality
A type of encephalocele (that is, a a protrusion of part of the cranial contents including brain tissue through a congenital opening in the cranium, typically covered with skin or mucous membrane) in the occipital region of the skull. Occipital encephalocele presents as a midline swelling over the occipital bone. It is usually covered with normal full-thickness scalp.
Abnormal posterior cranial fossa morphology
MedGen UID:
482398
Concept ID:
C3280768
Finding
An abnormality of the fossa cranii posterior (the posterior fossa), which is made up primarily of the occipital bone and which surrounds to the foramen magnum.
Sonographic non-visualized fetal bladder
MedGen UID:
1814368
Concept ID:
C5676804
Finding
Inability to visualize the fetal bladder on targeted prenatal sonography examination. The fetal bladder can be visualized with sonography as a midline, fluid-filled structure in the pelvis as early as 10-12 weeks of gestation. The normal fetus voids at least once an hour but never completely empties the urinary bladder. The fetal bladdder should be consistently imaged after 13 weeks of gestation.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Barisic I, Boban L, Loane M, Garne E, Wellesley D, Calzolari E, Dolk H, Addor MC, Bergman JE, Braz P, Draper ES, Haeusler M, Khoshnood B, Klungsoyr K, Pierini A, Queisser-Luft A, Rankin J, Rissmann A, Verellen-Dumoulin C
Eur J Hum Genet 2015 Jun;23(6):746-52. Epub 2014 Sep 3 doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.174. PMID: 25182137Free PMC Article
Chen CP
Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2007 Mar;46(1):9-14. doi: 10.1016/S1028-4559(08)60100-X. PMID: 17389183

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Cierna Z, Janega P, Grochal F, Ferianec V, Braxatorisova T, Strieskova L, Malova J, Jungova P, Szemes T
Pediatr Dev Pathol 2017 Sep-Oct;20(5):449-454. Epub 2017 Feb 8 doi: 10.1177/1093526616689184. PMID: 28812468
Roosing S, Romani M, Isrie M, Rosti RO, Micalizzi A, Musaev D, Mazza T, Al-Gazali L, Altunoglu U, Boltshauser E, D'Arrigo S, De Keersmaecker B, Kayserili H, Brandenberger S, Kraoua I, Mark PR, McKanna T, Van Keirsbilck J, Moerman P, Poretti A, Puri R, Van Esch H, Gleeson JG, Valente EM
J Med Genet 2016 Sep;53(9):608-15. Epub 2016 May 6 doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103832. PMID: 27208211Free PMC Article
Watson CM, Crinnion LA, Berry IR, Harrison SM, Lascelles C, Antanaviciute A, Charlton RS, Dobbie A, Carr IM, Bonthron DT
BMC Med Genet 2016 Jan 4;17:1. doi: 10.1186/s12881-015-0265-z. PMID: 26729329Free PMC Article
Mason SB, Lai X, Ringham HN, Bacallao RL, Harris PC, Witzmann FA, Gattone VH 2nd
Nephron Exp Nephrol 2011;117(2):e31-8. Epub 2010 Aug 6 doi: 10.1159/000319722. PMID: 20693816Free PMC Article
Chen CP
Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2007 Mar;46(1):9-14. doi: 10.1016/S1028-4559(08)60100-X. PMID: 17389183

Diagnosis

Cierna Z, Janega P, Grochal F, Ferianec V, Braxatorisova T, Strieskova L, Malova J, Jungova P, Szemes T
Pediatr Dev Pathol 2017 Sep-Oct;20(5):449-454. Epub 2017 Feb 8 doi: 10.1177/1093526616689184. PMID: 28812468
Watson CM, Crinnion LA, Berry IR, Harrison SM, Lascelles C, Antanaviciute A, Charlton RS, Dobbie A, Carr IM, Bonthron DT
BMC Med Genet 2016 Jan 4;17:1. doi: 10.1186/s12881-015-0265-z. PMID: 26729329Free PMC Article
Barisic I, Boban L, Loane M, Garne E, Wellesley D, Calzolari E, Dolk H, Addor MC, Bergman JE, Braz P, Draper ES, Haeusler M, Khoshnood B, Klungsoyr K, Pierini A, Queisser-Luft A, Rankin J, Rissmann A, Verellen-Dumoulin C
Eur J Hum Genet 2015 Jun;23(6):746-52. Epub 2014 Sep 3 doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.174. PMID: 25182137Free PMC Article
Lu Y, Peng H, Jin Z, Cheng J, Wang S, Ma M, Lu Y, Han D, Yao Y, Li Y, Yuan H
PLoS One 2013;8(9):e73245. Epub 2013 Sep 5 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073245. PMID: 24039893Free PMC Article
Chen CP
Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2007 Mar;46(1):9-14. doi: 10.1016/S1028-4559(08)60100-X. PMID: 17389183

Clinical prediction guides

Andreu-Cervera A, Catala M, Schneider-Maunoury S
Neurobiol Dis 2021 Mar;150:105236. Epub 2020 Dec 28 doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105236. PMID: 33383187
Barisic I, Boban L, Loane M, Garne E, Wellesley D, Calzolari E, Dolk H, Addor MC, Bergman JE, Braz P, Draper ES, Haeusler M, Khoshnood B, Klungsoyr K, Pierini A, Queisser-Luft A, Rankin J, Rissmann A, Verellen-Dumoulin C
Eur J Hum Genet 2015 Jun;23(6):746-52. Epub 2014 Sep 3 doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.174. PMID: 25182137Free PMC Article

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