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Addictive benzodiazepine use

MedGen UID:
572757
•Concept ID:
C0338768
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonym: Benzodiazepine addiction
SNOMED CT: Benzodiazepine dependence (231473004)
 
HPO: HP:0033516

Definition

Addiction to a benzodiazepine. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAddictive benzodiazepine use

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Clinical management of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
Day E, Daly C
Addiction 2022 Mar;117(3):804-814. Epub 2021 Aug 22 doi: 10.1111/add.15647. PMID: 34288186
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) recommendations for the management of patients with bipolar disorder with mixed presentations.
Yatham LN, Chakrabarty T, Bond DJ, Schaffer A, Beaulieu S, Parikh SV, McIntyre RS, Milev RV, Alda M, Vazquez G, Ravindran AV, Frey BN, Sharma V, Goldstein BI, Rej S, O'Donovan C, Tourjman V, Kozicky JM, Kauer-Sant'Anna M, Malhi G, Suppes T, Vieta E, Kapczinski F, Kanba S, Lam RW, Kennedy SH, Calabrese J, Berk M, Post R
Bipolar Disord 2021 Dec;23(8):767-788. Epub 2021 Nov 1 doi: 10.1111/bdi.13135. PMID: 34599629
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome management: Is there anything new?
Airagnes G, Ducoutumany G, Laffy-Beaufils B, Le Faou AL, Limosin F
Rev Med Interne 2019 Jun;40(6):373-379. Epub 2019 Mar 7 doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2019.02.001. PMID: 30853380

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Reducing the risks when using benzodiazepines to treat insomnia: A public health approach.
Modesto-Lowe V, Chaplin MM, León-Barriera R, Jain L
Cleve Clin J Med 2024 May 1;91(5):293-299. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.91a.23061. PMID: 38692699
Discontinuation of psychotropic medication: a synthesis of evidence across medication classes.
Vinkers CH, Kupka RW, Penninx BW, Ruhé HG, van Gaalen JM, van Haaren PCF, Schellekens AFA, Jauhar S, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Vieta E, Tiihonen J, Veldman SE, Veling W, Vis R, de Wit LE, Luykx JJ
Mol Psychiatry 2024 Aug;29(8):2575-2586. Epub 2024 Mar 19 doi: 10.1038/s41380-024-02445-4. PMID: 38503923Free PMC Article
Benzodiazepines and Related Sedatives.
Peng L, Morford KL, Levander XA
Med Clin North Am 2022 Jan;106(1):113-129. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.08.012. PMID: 34823725
Withdrawing Benzodiazepines in Patients With Anxiety Disorders.
Lader M, Kyriacou A
Curr Psychiatry Rep 2016 Jan;18(1):8. doi: 10.1007/s11920-015-0642-5. PMID: 26733324
The benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome.
Pétursson H
Addiction 1994 Nov;89(11):1455-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03743.x. PMID: 7841856

Diagnosis

The Spectrum of Alcohol Use: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Cohen SM, Alexander RS, Holt SR
Med Clin North Am 2022 Jan;106(1):43-60. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.08.003. PMID: 34823734
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) recommendations for the management of patients with bipolar disorder with mixed presentations.
Yatham LN, Chakrabarty T, Bond DJ, Schaffer A, Beaulieu S, Parikh SV, McIntyre RS, Milev RV, Alda M, Vazquez G, Ravindran AV, Frey BN, Sharma V, Goldstein BI, Rej S, O'Donovan C, Tourjman V, Kozicky JM, Kauer-Sant'Anna M, Malhi G, Suppes T, Vieta E, Kapczinski F, Kanba S, Lam RW, Kennedy SH, Calabrese J, Berk M, Post R
Bipolar Disord 2021 Dec;23(8):767-788. Epub 2021 Nov 1 doi: 10.1111/bdi.13135. PMID: 34599629
A Review of Alprazolam Use, Misuse, and Withdrawal.
Ait-Daoud N, Hamby AS, Sharma S, Blevins D
J Addict Med 2018 Jan/Feb;12(1):4-10. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000350. PMID: 28777203Free PMC Article
Benzodiazepines and addiction.
Juergens SM
Psychiatr Clin North Am 1993 Mar;16(1):75-86. PMID: 8096077
Benzodiazepine dependence.
Petursson H, Lader MH
Br J Addict 1981;76(2):133-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1981.tb00218.x. PMID: 7023521

Therapy

Benzodiazepines and Related Sedatives.
Peng L, Morford KL, Levander XA
Med Clin North Am 2022 Jan;106(1):113-129. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.08.012. PMID: 34823725
Clinical management of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
Day E, Daly C
Addiction 2022 Mar;117(3):804-814. Epub 2021 Aug 22 doi: 10.1111/add.15647. PMID: 34288186
A Review of Alprazolam Use, Misuse, and Withdrawal.
Ait-Daoud N, Hamby AS, Sharma S, Blevins D
J Addict Med 2018 Jan/Feb;12(1):4-10. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000350. PMID: 28777203Free PMC Article
Benzodiazepines in schizophrenia.
Stimmel GL
Pharmacotherapy 1996 Nov-Dec;16(6 Pt 2):148S-151S; discussion 166S-168S. PMID: 8947998
Benzodiazepines and addiction.
Juergens SM
Psychiatr Clin North Am 1993 Mar;16(1):75-86. PMID: 8096077

Prognosis

Acute and Persistent Withdrawal Syndromes Following Discontinuation of Psychotropic Medications.
Cosci F, Chouinard G
Psychother Psychosom 2020;89(5):283-306. Epub 2020 Apr 7 doi: 10.1159/000506868. PMID: 32259826
Female psychopharmacology matters! Towards a sex-specific psychopharmacology.
Bolea-Alamanac B, Bailey SJ, Lovick TA, Scheele D, Valentino R
J Psychopharmacol 2018 Feb;32(2):125-133. Epub 2018 Feb 6 doi: 10.1177/0269881117747578. PMID: 29405799
Pharmacogenetics of anxiolytic drugs.
Tiwari AK, Souza RP, Müller DJ
J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009 Jun;116(6):667-77. Epub 2009 May 12 doi: 10.1007/s00702-009-0229-6. PMID: 19434367
Benzodiazepine use, abuse, and dependence.
O'brien CP
J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66 Suppl 2:28-33. PMID: 15762817
Addiction to benzodiazepines.
Salzman C
Psychiatr Q 1998 Winter;69(4):251-61. doi: 10.1023/a:1022125929946. PMID: 9793106

Clinical prediction guides

Ketogenic diet for depression: A potential dietary regimen to maintain euthymia?
Włodarczyk A, Cubała WJ, Stawicki M
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021 Jul 13;109:110257. Epub 2021 Jan 23 doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110257. PMID: 33497756
Olanzapine Versus Placebo in Adult Outpatients With Anorexia Nervosa: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Attia E, Steinglass JE, Walsh BT, Wang Y, Wu P, Schreyer C, Wildes J, Yilmaz Z, Guarda AS, Kaplan AS, Marcus MD
Am J Psychiatry 2019 Jun 1;176(6):449-456. Epub 2019 Jan 18 doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18101125. PMID: 30654643Free PMC Article
Hooked on benzodiazepines: GABAA receptor subtypes and addiction.
Tan KR, Rudolph U, Lüscher C
Trends Neurosci 2011 Apr;34(4):188-97. Epub 2011 Feb 25 doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2011.01.004. PMID: 21353710Free PMC Article
Benzodiazepine use, abuse, and dependence.
O'brien CP
J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66 Suppl 2:28-33. PMID: 15762817
Addiction to benzodiazepines.
Salzman C
Psychiatr Q 1998 Winter;69(4):251-61. doi: 10.1023/a:1022125929946. PMID: 9793106

Recent systematic reviews

The effect of second-generation antipsychotics on anxiety/depression in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Abdolizadeh A, Hosseini Kupaei M, Kambari Y, Amaev A, Korann V, Torres-Carmona E, Song J, Ueno F, Koizumi MT, Nakajima S, Agarwal SM, Gerretsen P, Graff-Guerrero A
Schizophr Res 2024 Aug;270:11-36. Epub 2024 Jun 5 doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.05.020. PMID: 38843584
Clinical Presentations and Treatment of Phenibut Toxicity and Withdrawal: A Systematic Literature Review.
Weleff J, Kovacevich A, Burson J, Nero N, Anand A
J Addict Med 2023 Jul-Aug 01;17(4):407-417. Epub 2023 Feb 3 doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001141. PMID: 37579098
Buprenorphine versus methadone for the treatment of opioid dependence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and observational studies.
Degenhardt L, Clark B, Macpherson G, Leppan O, Nielsen S, Zahra E, Larance B, Kimber J, Martino-Burke D, Hickman M, Farrell M
Lancet Psychiatry 2023 Jun;10(6):386-402. Epub 2023 May 8 doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00095-0. PMID: 37167985
Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapies for alcohol withdrawal: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Bahji A, Bach P, Danilewitz M, Crockford D, El-Guebaly N, Devoe DJ, Saitz R
Addiction 2022 Oct;117(10):2591-2601. Epub 2022 Mar 15 doi: 10.1111/add.15853. PMID: 35194860Free PMC Article
Evaluation of the course and treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome with the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol - Revised: A systematic review-based meta-analysis.
Pribék IK, Kovács I, Kádár BK, Kovács CS, Richman MJ, Janka Z, Andó B, Lázár BA
Drug Alcohol Depend 2021 Mar 1;220:108536. Epub 2021 Jan 19 doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108536. PMID: 33503582

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