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Pneumomediastinum

MedGen UID:
6263
•Concept ID:
C0025062
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Emphysema, Mediastinal; Mediastinal Emphysema; Mediastinal Emphysemas; Pneumomediastinums
SNOMED CT: Mediastinal emphysema (16838000); Pneumomediastinum (16838000)
 
HPO: HP:0025421

Definition

The presence of free air in the mediastinum. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPneumomediastinum

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Conservative Management of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum.
Blotevogel PW, Johannesen SL, Deb SJ
Am Surg 2023 Apr;89(4):1063-1065. Epub 2020 Dec 14 doi: 10.1177/0003134820956926. PMID: 33316163
Clinical management of the neonatal pneumomediastinum.
Corsini I, Dani C
Acta Biomed 2014 Jun 20;85(1):39-41. PMID: 24957346
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: evaluation and treatment.
Holmes KD, McGuirt WF
J Fam Pract 1990 Oct;31(4):422, 425-6, 429. PMID: 2212975

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Pneumomediastinum: Experience with 87 Patients.
Magouliotis DE, Sgantzou I, Salemis NS, Rountas C, Samara A, Zotos PA, Athanasiou T, Spiliopoulos K
Acta Med Acad 2023 Aug;52(2):88-94. doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.408. PMID: 37933505Free PMC Article
Pneumomediastinum complicating diabetic ketoacidosis.
Zethof S, Borstlap C, Vroomans M, Groenendijk M
BMJ Case Rep 2023 May 3;16(5) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2023-255018. PMID: 37137549Free PMC Article
Pediatric pneumomediastinum: Symptom-based management.
Dougherty D, Meyer KM, Thompson AR, Speck KE
J Pediatr Surg 2023 Mar;58(3):427-431. Epub 2022 Oct 21 doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.10.016. PMID: 36460493
Incidence and Clinical Features of Pneumomediastinum and Pneumothorax in COVID-19 Pneumonia.
Muhammad AI, Mehta M, Shaw M, Hussain N, Joseph S, Vancheeswaran R
J Intensive Care Med 2022 Aug;37(8):1015-1018. Epub 2022 Mar 31 doi: 10.1177/08850666221091441. PMID: 35360973Free PMC Article
Marijuana and Lung Disease.
Tashkin DP
Chest 2018 Sep;154(3):653-663. Epub 2018 May 17 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.05.005. PMID: 29778658

Diagnosis

Pneumomediastinum.
Grewal J, Gillaspie EA
Thorac Surg Clin 2024 Nov;34(4):309-319. Epub 2024 Jul 26 doi: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2024.06.001. PMID: 39332856
Pneumomediastinum: Experience with 87 Patients.
Magouliotis DE, Sgantzou I, Salemis NS, Rountas C, Samara A, Zotos PA, Athanasiou T, Spiliopoulos K
Acta Med Acad 2023 Aug;52(2):88-94. doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.408. PMID: 37933505Free PMC Article
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in two young women.
Faro CL, Čačala SR, Buckland C, Milligan P, Oosthuizen GV
S Afr J Surg 2022 Dec;60(4):313-315. doi: 10.17159/2078-5151/SAJS3640. PMID: 36477066
Pneumomediastinum in the neonate.
Cagle KJ
Neonatal Netw 2014 Sep-Oct;33(5):275-82. doi: 10.1891/0730-0832.33.5.275. PMID: 25161136
Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum.
Putukian M
Clin Sports Med 2004 Jul;23(3):443-54, x. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2004.03.007. PMID: 15262381

Therapy

Pneumomediastinum complicating diabetic ketoacidosis.
Zethof S, Borstlap C, Vroomans M, Groenendijk M
BMJ Case Rep 2023 May 3;16(5) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2023-255018. PMID: 37137549Free PMC Article
POST-ERCP RARE COMPLICATION: PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM.
Coşkun O, Ödemiş B
Gastroenterol Nurs 2023 Jul-Aug 01;46(4):329-331. Epub 2023 May 1 doi: 10.1097/SGA.0000000000000719. PMID: 37126089
Ectopic air localizations after transanal procedures: A systematic literature review.
Balla A, Quaresima S, Paganini AM
Int J Surg 2018 Aug;56:167-173. Epub 2018 Jun 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.05.743. PMID: 29936199
Clinical Significance of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum.
Potz BA, Chao LH, Ng TT, Okereke IC
Ann Thorac Surg 2017 Aug;104(2):431-435. Epub 2017 May 18 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.02.051. PMID: 28527963
Ecstasy-associated pneumomediastinum.
Marasco SF, Lim HK
Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2007 May;89(4):389-93. doi: 10.1308/003588407X183373. PMID: 17535617Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Pneumomediastinum: Experience with 87 Patients.
Magouliotis DE, Sgantzou I, Salemis NS, Rountas C, Samara A, Zotos PA, Athanasiou T, Spiliopoulos K
Acta Med Acad 2023 Aug;52(2):88-94. doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.408. PMID: 37933505Free PMC Article
COVID-19-Related Pleural Diseases.
Iqbal B, Rahman NM, Hallifax RJ
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023 Aug;44(4):437-446. Epub 2023 Jul 10 doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1769616. PMID: 37429295
Pediatric pneumomediastinum: Symptom-based management.
Dougherty D, Meyer KM, Thompson AR, Speck KE
J Pediatr Surg 2023 Mar;58(3):427-431. Epub 2022 Oct 21 doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.10.016. PMID: 36460493
Interstitial Lung Disease in Anti-MDA5 Positive Dermatomyositis.
Wu W, Guo L, Fu Y, Wang K, Zhang D, Xu W, Chen Z, Ye S
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021 Apr;60(2):293-304. Epub 2021 Jan 6 doi: 10.1007/s12016-020-08822-5. PMID: 33405101
Closed lung trauma.
Feden JP
Clin Sports Med 2013 Apr;32(2):255-65. Epub 2013 Jan 29 doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2012.12.003. PMID: 23522507

Clinical prediction guides

Incidence and Clinical Features of Pneumomediastinum and Pneumothorax in COVID-19 Pneumonia.
Muhammad AI, Mehta M, Shaw M, Hussain N, Joseph S, Vancheeswaran R
J Intensive Care Med 2022 Aug;37(8):1015-1018. Epub 2022 Mar 31 doi: 10.1177/08850666221091441. PMID: 35360973Free PMC Article
Transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy in the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions: a randomised trial.
Zhang J, Guo JR, Huang ZS, Fu WL, Wu XL, Wu N, Kuebler WM, Herth FJF, Fan Y
Eur Respir J 2021 Dec;58(6) Epub 2021 Dec 9 doi: 10.1183/13993003.00055-2021. PMID: 33958432
Interstitial Lung Disease in Anti-MDA5 Positive Dermatomyositis.
Wu W, Guo L, Fu Y, Wang K, Zhang D, Xu W, Chen Z, Ye S
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021 Apr;60(2):293-304. Epub 2021 Jan 6 doi: 10.1007/s12016-020-08822-5. PMID: 33405101
Pneumoperitoneum.
Ramponi DR
Adv Emerg Nurs J 2018 Apr/Jun;40(2):87-93. doi: 10.1097/TME.0000000000000189. PMID: 29715250
SARS: radiological features.
Ooi GC, Daqing M
Respirology 2003 Nov;8 Suppl(Suppl 1):S15-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00519.x. PMID: 15018128Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Clinical use of Macklin-like radiological sign (Macklin effect): A systematic review.
Belletti A, Pallanch O, Bonizzoni MA, Guidi L, De Cobelli F, Landoni G, Zangrillo A, De Bonis M, Palumbo D
Respir Med 2023 Apr-May;210:107178. Epub 2023 Feb 28 doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107178. PMID: 36863617
Air leak with COVID-19 - A meta-summary.
Nasa P, Juneja D, Jain R
Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2022 Feb;30(2):237-244. Epub 2021 Jul 11 doi: 10.1177/02184923211031134. PMID: 34247490Free PMC Article
Combined EBUS-IFB and EBUS-TBNA vs EBUS-TBNA Alone for Intrathoracic Adenopathy: A Meta-Analysis.
Agrawal A, Ghori U, Chaddha U, Murgu S
Ann Thorac Surg 2022 Jul;114(1):340-348. Epub 2021 Jan 21 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.12.049. PMID: 33485918
Ectopic air localizations after transanal procedures: A systematic literature review.
Balla A, Quaresima S, Paganini AM
Int J Surg 2018 Aug;56:167-173. Epub 2018 Jun 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.05.743. PMID: 29936199
Safety and efficacy of POEM for treatment of achalasia: a systematic review of the literature.
Crespin OM, Liu LWC, Parmar A, Jackson TD, Hamid J, Shlomovitz E, Okrainec A
Surg Endosc 2017 May;31(5):2187-2201. Epub 2016 Sep 15 doi: 10.1007/s00464-016-5217-y. PMID: 27633440

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