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Pneumomediastinum

MedGen UID:
6263
•Concept ID:
C0025062
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Emphysema, Interstitial; Emphysema, Mediastinal; Interstitial Emphysema; Interstitial Emphysema of Lung; Lung Interstitial Emphysema; Mediastinal Emphysema; Mediastinal Emphysemas; Pneumomediastinums
SNOMED CT: Mediastinal emphysema (16838000); Pneumomediastinum (16838000)
 
HPO: HP:0025421

Definition

The presence of free air in the mediastinum. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPneumomediastinum

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Enhancing Hematopoietic Engraftment and Treatment of Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Hemorrhages and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Ringdén O, Moll G, Gustafsson B, Sadeghi B
Front Immunol 2022;13:839844. Epub 2022 Mar 18 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839844. PMID: 35371003Free PMC Article
Clinical management of the neonatal pneumomediastinum.
Corsini I, Dani C
Acta Biomed 2014 Jun 20;85(1):39-41. PMID: 24957346
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum treatment.
Hountis P, Toufektzian L, Moraitis S, Douzinas M
Minerva Chir 2008 Oct;63(5):429-31. PMID: 18923355

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Incidence and Clinical Features of Pneumomediastinum and Pneumothorax in COVID-19 Pneumonia.
Muhammad AI, Mehta M, Shaw M, Hussain N, Joseph S, Vancheeswaran R
J Intensive Care Med 2022 Aug;37(8):1015-1018. Epub 2022 Mar 31 doi: 10.1177/08850666221091441. PMID: 35360973Free PMC Article
Spontaneous primary pneumomediastinum: is it always benign?
Alemu BN, Yeheyis ET, Tiruneh AG
J Med Case Rep 2021 Mar 25;15(1):157. doi: 10.1186/s13256-021-02701-z. PMID: 33761988Free PMC Article
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19 pneumonia: a rare case and literature review.
Elhakim TS, Abdul HS, Pelaez Romero C, Rodriguez-Fuentes Y
BMJ Case Rep 2020 Dec 12;13(12) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239489. PMID: 33310838Free PMC Article
COVID-19 and pneumothorax: a multicentre retrospective case series.
Martinelli AW, Ingle T, Newman J, Nadeem I, Jackson K, Lane ND, Melhorn J, Davies HE, Rostron AJ, Adeni A, Conroy K, Woznitza N, Matson M, Brill SE, Murray J, Shah A, Naran R, Hare SS, Collas O, Bigham S, Spiro M, Huang MM, Iqbal B, Trenfield S, Ledot S, Desai S, Standing L, Babar J, Mahroof R, Smith I, Lee K, Tchrakian N, Uys S, Ricketts W, Patel ARC, Aujayeb A, Kokosi M, Wilkinson AJK, Marciniak SJ
Eur Respir J 2020 Nov;56(5) Epub 2020 Nov 19 doi: 10.1183/13993003.02697-2020. PMID: 32907891Free PMC Article
Marijuana and Lung Disease.
Tashkin DP
Chest 2018 Sep;154(3):653-663. Epub 2018 May 17 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.05.005. PMID: 29778658

Diagnosis

Spontaneous primary pneumomediastinum: is it always benign?
Alemu BN, Yeheyis ET, Tiruneh AG
J Med Case Rep 2021 Mar 25;15(1):157. doi: 10.1186/s13256-021-02701-z. PMID: 33761988Free PMC Article
Pneumomediastinum in the neonate.
Cagle KJ
Neonatal Netw 2014 Sep-Oct;33(5):275-82. doi: 10.1891/0730-0832.33.5.275. PMID: 25161136
Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum.
Putukian M
Clin Sports Med 2004 Jul;23(3):443-54, x. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2004.03.007. PMID: 15262381
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum.
Ba-Ssalamah A, Schima W, Umek W, Herold CJ
Eur Radiol 1999;9(4):724-7. doi: 10.1007/s003300050742. PMID: 10354894
Pneumomediastinum.
Millard CE
Dis Chest 1969 Oct;56(4):297-300. doi: 10.1378/chest.56.4.297. PMID: 5821067

Therapy

Pneumomediastinum complicating diabetic ketoacidosis.
Zethof S, Borstlap C, Vroomans M, Groenendijk M
BMJ Case Rep 2023 May 3;16(5) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2023-255018. PMID: 37137549Free PMC Article
COVID-19 ARDS: a review of imaging features and overview of mechanical ventilation and its complications.
Gosangi B, Rubinowitz AN, Irugu D, Gange C, Bader A, Cortopassi I
Emerg Radiol 2022 Feb;29(1):23-34. Epub 2021 Oct 26 doi: 10.1007/s10140-021-01976-5. PMID: 34698956Free PMC Article
Pneumomediastinum after retching.
Al B, Yildirim C, Zengin S, Murat Ç, Genc S, Sanli M
BMJ Case Rep 2012 Oct 10;2012 doi: 10.1136/bcr.03.2009.1647. PMID: 23060371Free PMC Article
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum treatment.
Hountis P, Toufektzian L, Moraitis S, Douzinas M
Minerva Chir 2008 Oct;63(5):429-31. PMID: 18923355
Ecstasy-associated pneumomediastinum.
Marasco SF, Lim HK
Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2007 May;89(4):389-93. doi: 10.1308/003588407X183373. PMID: 17535617Free PMC Article

Prognosis

COVID-19-Related Pleural Diseases.
Iqbal B, Rahman NM, Hallifax RJ
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023 Aug;44(4):437-446. Epub 2023 Jul 10 doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1769616. PMID: 37429295
Interstitial Lung Disease in Anti-MDA5 Positive Dermatomyositis.
Wu W, Guo L, Fu Y, Wang K, Zhang D, Xu W, Chen Z, Ye S
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021 Apr;60(2):293-304. Epub 2021 Jan 6 doi: 10.1007/s12016-020-08822-5. PMID: 33405101
COVID-19 and pneumothorax: a multicentre retrospective case series.
Martinelli AW, Ingle T, Newman J, Nadeem I, Jackson K, Lane ND, Melhorn J, Davies HE, Rostron AJ, Adeni A, Conroy K, Woznitza N, Matson M, Brill SE, Murray J, Shah A, Naran R, Hare SS, Collas O, Bigham S, Spiro M, Huang MM, Iqbal B, Trenfield S, Ledot S, Desai S, Standing L, Babar J, Mahroof R, Smith I, Lee K, Tchrakian N, Uys S, Ricketts W, Patel ARC, Aujayeb A, Kokosi M, Wilkinson AJK, Marciniak SJ
Eur Respir J 2020 Nov;56(5) Epub 2020 Nov 19 doi: 10.1183/13993003.02697-2020. PMID: 32907891Free PMC Article
Closed lung trauma.
Feden JP
Clin Sports Med 2013 Apr;32(2):255-65. Epub 2013 Jan 29 doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2012.12.003. PMID: 23522507
Esophageal perforation.
Flynn AE, Verrier ED, Way LW, Thomas AN, Pellegrini CA
Arch Surg 1989 Oct;124(10):1211-4; discussion 1214-5. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1989.01410100117020. PMID: 2802986

Clinical prediction guides

Incidence and Clinical Features of Pneumomediastinum and Pneumothorax in COVID-19 Pneumonia.
Muhammad AI, Mehta M, Shaw M, Hussain N, Joseph S, Vancheeswaran R
J Intensive Care Med 2022 Aug;37(8):1015-1018. Epub 2022 Mar 31 doi: 10.1177/08850666221091441. PMID: 35360973Free PMC Article
Combined EBUS-IFB and EBUS-TBNA vs EBUS-TBNA Alone for Intrathoracic Adenopathy: A Meta-Analysis.
Agrawal A, Ghori U, Chaddha U, Murgu S
Ann Thorac Surg 2022 Jul;114(1):340-348. Epub 2021 Jan 21 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.12.049. PMID: 33485918
Transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy in the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions: a randomised trial.
Zhang J, Guo JR, Huang ZS, Fu WL, Wu XL, Wu N, Kuebler WM, Herth FJF, Fan Y
Eur Respir J 2021 Dec;58(6) Epub 2021 Dec 9 doi: 10.1183/13993003.00055-2021. PMID: 33958432
Interstitial Lung Disease in Anti-MDA5 Positive Dermatomyositis.
Wu W, Guo L, Fu Y, Wang K, Zhang D, Xu W, Chen Z, Ye S
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021 Apr;60(2):293-304. Epub 2021 Jan 6 doi: 10.1007/s12016-020-08822-5. PMID: 33405101
Pneumoperitoneum.
Ramponi DR
Adv Emerg Nurs J 2018 Apr/Jun;40(2):87-93. doi: 10.1097/TME.0000000000000189. PMID: 29715250

Recent systematic reviews

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Enhancing Hematopoietic Engraftment and Treatment of Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Hemorrhages and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Ringdén O, Moll G, Gustafsson B, Sadeghi B
Front Immunol 2022;13:839844. Epub 2022 Mar 18 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839844. PMID: 35371003Free PMC Article
Combined EBUS-IFB and EBUS-TBNA vs EBUS-TBNA Alone for Intrathoracic Adenopathy: A Meta-Analysis.
Agrawal A, Ghori U, Chaddha U, Murgu S
Ann Thorac Surg 2022 Jul;114(1):340-348. Epub 2021 Jan 21 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.12.049. PMID: 33485918
Spontaneous primary pneumomediastinum: is it always benign?
Alemu BN, Yeheyis ET, Tiruneh AG
J Med Case Rep 2021 Mar 25;15(1):157. doi: 10.1186/s13256-021-02701-z. PMID: 33761988Free PMC Article
Safety and efficacy of POEM for treatment of achalasia: a systematic review of the literature.
Crespin OM, Liu LWC, Parmar A, Jackson TD, Hamid J, Shlomovitz E, Okrainec A
Surg Endosc 2017 May;31(5):2187-2201. Epub 2016 Sep 15 doi: 10.1007/s00464-016-5217-y. PMID: 27633440
Neurologic, psychiatric, and other medical manifestations of nitrous oxide abuse: A systematic review of the case literature.
Garakani A, Jaffe RJ, Savla D, Welch AK, Protin CA, Bryson EO, McDowell DM
Am J Addict 2016 Aug;25(5):358-69. Epub 2016 Apr 1 doi: 10.1111/ajad.12372. PMID: 27037733

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