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Pneumomediastinum

MedGen UID:
6263
•Concept ID:
C0025062
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Emphysema, Mediastinal; Mediastinal Emphysema; Mediastinal Emphysemas; Pneumomediastinums
SNOMED CT: Mediastinal emphysema (16838000); Pneumomediastinum (16838000)
 
HPO: HP:0025421

Definition

The presence of free air in the mediastinum. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPneumomediastinum

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Management and Outcomes of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in Children.
Noorbakhsh KA, Williams AE, Langham JJW, Wu L, Krafty RT, Furtado AD, Zuckerbraun NS, Manole MD
Pediatr Emerg Care 2021 Dec 1;37(12):e1051-e1056. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001895. PMID: 31464878Free PMC Article
Conservative versus Surgical Management of Iatrogenic Tracheal Rupture.
Panagiotopoulos N, Patrini D, Barnard M, Koletsis E, Dougenis D, Lawrence D
Med Princ Pract 2017;26(3):218-220. Epub 2017 Jan 9 doi: 10.1159/000455859. PMID: 28208144Free PMC Article
Clinical management of the neonatal pneumomediastinum.
Corsini I, Dani C
Acta Biomed 2014 Jun 20;85(1):39-41. PMID: 24957346

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Incidence and Prognosis of Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia.
Azeem A, Noor Butt D, Carrig M, Krajicek B, Destache C, Velagapudi M
WMJ 2023 Dec;122(5):337-341. PMID: 38180920
Pneumomediastinum: Experience with 87 Patients.
Magouliotis DE, Sgantzou I, Salemis NS, Rountas C, Samara A, Zotos PA, Athanasiou T, Spiliopoulos K
Acta Med Acad 2023 Aug;52(2):88-94. doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.408. PMID: 37933505Free PMC Article
The safety of respiratory positive pressure support immediately following pediatric tonsillectomy.
Hazkani I, Siong TC, Hill R, Dautel J, Patel MD, Vaughn W, Patzer R, Raol N
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2023 Apr;167:111487. Epub 2023 Feb 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111487. PMID: 36857847
Incidence and Clinical Features of Pneumomediastinum and Pneumothorax in COVID-19 Pneumonia.
Muhammad AI, Mehta M, Shaw M, Hussain N, Joseph S, Vancheeswaran R
J Intensive Care Med 2022 Aug;37(8):1015-1018. Epub 2022 Mar 31 doi: 10.1177/08850666221091441. PMID: 35360973Free PMC Article
Marijuana and Lung Disease.
Tashkin DP
Chest 2018 Sep;154(3):653-663. Epub 2018 May 17 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.05.005. PMID: 29778658

Diagnosis

Pneumomediastinum: Experience with 87 Patients.
Magouliotis DE, Sgantzou I, Salemis NS, Rountas C, Samara A, Zotos PA, Athanasiou T, Spiliopoulos K
Acta Med Acad 2023 Aug;52(2):88-94. doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.408. PMID: 37933505Free PMC Article
Pneumomediastinum in the neonate.
Cagle KJ
Neonatal Netw 2014 Sep-Oct;33(5):275-82. doi: 10.1891/0730-0832.33.5.275. PMID: 25161136
Pneumomediastinum: etiology and a guide to diagnosis and treatment.
Banki F, Estrera AL, Harrison RG, Miller CC 3rd, Leake SS, Mitchell KG, Khalil K, Safi HJ, Kaiser LR
Am J Surg 2013 Dec;206(6):1001-6; discussion 1006. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.08.009. PMID: 24296102
Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum.
Putukian M
Clin Sports Med 2004 Jul;23(3):443-54, x. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2004.03.007. PMID: 15262381
Pneumomediastinum: a diagnostic problem.
Cyrlak D, Milne EN, Imray TJ
Crit Rev Diagn Imaging 1984;23(1):75-117. PMID: 6399015

Therapy

Computed tomography imaging-guided parasternal approach drainage for children with tension pneumomediastinum: a case series.
Hong JJ, Hong SM, Chen XH, Zhou SJ, Chen Q, Huang JX
BMC Pediatr 2023 Nov 22;23(1):587. doi: 10.1186/s12887-023-04417-z. PMID: 37993855Free PMC Article
Pneumomediastinum complicating diabetic ketoacidosis.
Zethof S, Borstlap C, Vroomans M, Groenendijk M
BMJ Case Rep 2023 May 3;16(5) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2023-255018. PMID: 37137549Free PMC Article
Clinical course and outcome of cocaine-induced pneumomediastinum.
Alnas M, Altayeh A, Zaman M
Am J Med Sci 2010 Jan;339(1):65-7. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181c371da. PMID: 20057278
Pneumomediastinum in interstitial lung disease associated with dermatomyositis and polymyositis.
Le Goff B, Chérin P, Cantagrel A, Gayraud M, Hachulla E, Laborde F, Papo T, Sibilia J, Zabraniecki L, Ravaud P, Puéchal X
Arthritis Rheum 2009 Jan 15;61(1):108-18. doi: 10.1002/art.24372. PMID: 19116970
Ecstasy-associated pneumomediastinum.
Marasco SF, Lim HK
Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2007 May;89(4):389-93. doi: 10.1308/003588407X183373. PMID: 17535617Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Incidence and Prognosis of Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia.
Azeem A, Noor Butt D, Carrig M, Krajicek B, Destache C, Velagapudi M
WMJ 2023 Dec;122(5):337-341. PMID: 38180920
COVID-19-Related Pleural Diseases.
Iqbal B, Rahman NM, Hallifax RJ
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023 Aug;44(4):437-446. Epub 2023 Jul 10 doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1769616. PMID: 37429295
Incidence and Clinical Features of Pneumomediastinum and Pneumothorax in COVID-19 Pneumonia.
Muhammad AI, Mehta M, Shaw M, Hussain N, Joseph S, Vancheeswaran R
J Intensive Care Med 2022 Aug;37(8):1015-1018. Epub 2022 Mar 31 doi: 10.1177/08850666221091441. PMID: 35360973Free PMC Article
Interstitial Lung Disease in Anti-MDA5 Positive Dermatomyositis.
Wu W, Guo L, Fu Y, Wang K, Zhang D, Xu W, Chen Z, Ye S
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021 Apr;60(2):293-304. Epub 2021 Jan 6 doi: 10.1007/s12016-020-08822-5. PMID: 33405101
Closed lung trauma.
Feden JP
Clin Sports Med 2013 Apr;32(2):255-65. Epub 2013 Jan 29 doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2012.12.003. PMID: 23522507

Clinical prediction guides

Incidence and Clinical Features of Pneumomediastinum and Pneumothorax in COVID-19 Pneumonia.
Muhammad AI, Mehta M, Shaw M, Hussain N, Joseph S, Vancheeswaran R
J Intensive Care Med 2022 Aug;37(8):1015-1018. Epub 2022 Mar 31 doi: 10.1177/08850666221091441. PMID: 35360973Free PMC Article
Transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy in the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions: a randomised trial.
Zhang J, Guo JR, Huang ZS, Fu WL, Wu XL, Wu N, Kuebler WM, Herth FJF, Fan Y
Eur Respir J 2021 Dec;58(6) Epub 2021 Dec 9 doi: 10.1183/13993003.00055-2021. PMID: 33958432
Interstitial Lung Disease in Anti-MDA5 Positive Dermatomyositis.
Wu W, Guo L, Fu Y, Wang K, Zhang D, Xu W, Chen Z, Ye S
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021 Apr;60(2):293-304. Epub 2021 Jan 6 doi: 10.1007/s12016-020-08822-5. PMID: 33405101
Pneumoperitoneum.
Ramponi DR
Adv Emerg Nurs J 2018 Apr/Jun;40(2):87-93. doi: 10.1097/TME.0000000000000189. PMID: 29715250
SARS: radiological features.
Ooi GC, Daqing M
Respirology 2003 Nov;8 Suppl(Suppl 1):S15-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00519.x. PMID: 15018128Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

COVID-19-associated lung weakness (CALW): Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Redruello-Guerrero P, Ruiz-Del-Pino M, Jiménez-Gutiérrez C, Jiménez-Gutiérrez P, Carrascos-Cáliz A, Romero-Linares A, Láinez Ramos-Bossini AJ, Rivera-Izquierdo M, Cárdenas-Cruz A
Med Intensiva (Engl Ed) 2023 Oct;47(10):583-593. Epub 2023 Jun 9 doi: 10.1016/j.medine.2023.06.001. PMID: 37302941Free PMC Article
Combined EBUS-IFB and EBUS-TBNA vs EBUS-TBNA Alone for Intrathoracic Adenopathy: A Meta-Analysis.
Agrawal A, Ghori U, Chaddha U, Murgu S
Ann Thorac Surg 2022 Jul;114(1):340-348. Epub 2021 Jan 21 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.12.049. PMID: 33485918
Spontaneous primary pneumomediastinum: is it always benign?
Alemu BN, Yeheyis ET, Tiruneh AG
J Med Case Rep 2021 Mar 25;15(1):157. doi: 10.1186/s13256-021-02701-z. PMID: 33761988Free PMC Article
Safety and efficacy of POEM for treatment of achalasia: a systematic review of the literature.
Crespin OM, Liu LWC, Parmar A, Jackson TD, Hamid J, Shlomovitz E, Okrainec A
Surg Endosc 2017 May;31(5):2187-2201. Epub 2016 Sep 15 doi: 10.1007/s00464-016-5217-y. PMID: 27633440
Systematic review of spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a survey of 22 years' data.
Dajer-Fadel WL, Argüero-Sánchez R, Ibarra-Pérez C, Navarro-Reynoso FP
Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2014 Oct;22(8):997-1002. Epub 2013 Nov 5 doi: 10.1177/0218492313504091. PMID: 24887879

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