U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Postpartum depression

MedGen UID:
66359
•Concept ID:
C0221074
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonyms: Depression, Post-Natal; Depression, Post-Partum; Depression, Postnatal; Depression, Postpartum; Post Natal Depression; Post Partum Depression; Post-Natal Depression; Post-Partum Depression; Postnatal Depression; Postpartum Depression
SNOMED CT: Puerperal depression (58703003); Postpartum depression (58703003)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005929

Definition

A type of clinical depression that occurs after childbirth. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPostpartum depression

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Postpartum Depression: Identification and Treatment in the Clinic Setting.
Kroska EB, Stowe ZN
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2020 Sep;47(3):409-419. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2020.05.001. PMID: 32762926
Postpartum Depression: Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Emerging Therapeutics.
Stewart DE, Vigod SN
Annu Rev Med 2019 Jan 27;70:183-196. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-041217-011106. PMID: 30691372
Postpartum depression: Etiology, treatment and consequences for maternal care.
Brummelte S, Galea LA
Horm Behav 2016 Jan;77:153-66. Epub 2015 Aug 28 doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.08.008. PMID: 26319224

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Liu X, Wang S, Wang G
J Clin Nurs 2022 Oct;31(19-20):2665-2677. Epub 2021 Nov 8 doi: 10.1111/jocn.16121. PMID: 34750904
Postpartum Depression: Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Emerging Therapeutics.
Stewart DE, Vigod SN
Annu Rev Med 2019 Jan 27;70:183-196. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-041217-011106. PMID: 30691372
Pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in postpartum depression.
Payne JL, Maguire J
Front Neuroendocrinol 2019 Jan;52:165-180. Epub 2018 Dec 12 doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.12.001. PMID: 30552910Free PMC Article
Postpartum depression: current status and future directions.
O'Hara MW, McCabe JE
Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2013;9:379-407. Epub 2013 Feb 1 doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185612. PMID: 23394227
Postpartum depression.
Pearlstein T, Howard M, Salisbury A, Zlotnick C
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009 Apr;200(4):357-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.11.033. PMID: 19318144Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

CE: Postpartum Depression: A Nurse's Guide.
Alba BM
Am J Nurs 2021 Jul 1;121(7):32-43. doi: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000756516.95992.8e. PMID: 34117132
Postpartum Depression: Identification and Treatment in the Clinic Setting.
Kroska EB, Stowe ZN
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2020 Sep;47(3):409-419. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2020.05.001. PMID: 32762926
Postpartum depression: Etiology, treatment and consequences for maternal care.
Brummelte S, Galea LA
Horm Behav 2016 Jan;77:153-66. Epub 2015 Aug 28 doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.08.008. PMID: 26319224
Postpartum depression: current status and future directions.
O'Hara MW, McCabe JE
Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2013;9:379-407. Epub 2013 Feb 1 doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185612. PMID: 23394227
Postpartum depression.
Pearlstein T, Howard M, Salisbury A, Zlotnick C
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009 Apr;200(4):357-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.11.033. PMID: 19318144Free PMC Article

Therapy

Zuranolone for the Treatment of Postpartum Depression.
Deligiannidis KM, Meltzer-Brody S, Maximos B, Peeper EQ, Freeman M, Lasser R, Bullock A, Kotecha M, Li S, Forrestal F, Rana N, Garcia M, Leclair B, Doherty J
Am J Psychiatry 2023 Sep 1;180(9):668-675. Epub 2023 Jul 26 doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20220785. PMID: 37491938
Effects of esketamine on analgesia and postpartum depression after cesarean section: A randomized, double-blinded controlled trial.
Wang W, Xu H, Ling B, Chen Q, Lv J, Yu W
Medicine (Baltimore) 2022 Nov 25;101(47):e32010. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032010. PMID: 36451452Free PMC Article
Effect of Zuranolone vs Placebo in Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Deligiannidis KM, Meltzer-Brody S, Gunduz-Bruce H, Doherty J, Jonas J, Li S, Sankoh AJ, Silber C, Campbell AD, Werneburg B, Kanes SJ, Lasser R
JAMA Psychiatry 2021 Sep 1;78(9):951-959. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1559. PMID: 34190962Free PMC Article
Pharmacotherapy of Postpartum Depression: Current Approaches and Novel Drug Development.
Frieder A, Fersh M, Hainline R, Deligiannidis KM
CNS Drugs 2019 Mar;33(3):265-282. doi: 10.1007/s40263-019-00605-7. PMID: 30790145Free PMC Article
Non-psychotic mental disorders in the perinatal period.
Howard LM, Molyneaux E, Dennis CL, Rochat T, Stein A, Milgrom J
Lancet 2014 Nov 15;384(9956):1775-88. Epub 2014 Nov 14 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61276-9. PMID: 25455248

Prognosis

Proposed Solutions for Improving Maternal Health Care in Rural America.
Garcia KK, Hunter SK
Clin Obstet Gynecol 2022 Dec 1;65(4):868-876. Epub 2022 Sep 27 doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000754. PMID: 36162090
Postpartum Depression: Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Emerging Therapeutics.
Stewart DE, Vigod SN
Annu Rev Med 2019 Jan 27;70:183-196. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-041217-011106. PMID: 30691372
Prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression among healthy mothers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Shorey S, Chee CYI, Ng ED, Chan YH, Tam WWS, Chong YS
J Psychiatr Res 2018 Sep;104:235-248. Epub 2018 Aug 3 doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.001. PMID: 30114665
Non-psychotic mental disorders in the perinatal period.
Howard LM, Molyneaux E, Dennis CL, Rochat T, Stein A, Milgrom J
Lancet 2014 Nov 15;384(9956):1775-88. Epub 2014 Nov 14 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61276-9. PMID: 25455248
Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence.
Gavin NI, Gaynes BN, Lohr KN, Meltzer-Brody S, Gartlehner G, Swinson T
Obstet Gynecol 2005 Nov;106(5 Pt 1):1071-83. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000183597.31630.db. PMID: 16260528

Clinical prediction guides

Preventing Postpartum Depression in the Early Postpartum Period Using an App-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study.
Qin X, Liu C, Zhu W, Chen Y, Wang Y
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Dec 15;19(24) doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416824. PMID: 36554704Free PMC Article
Effect of Zuranolone vs Placebo in Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Deligiannidis KM, Meltzer-Brody S, Gunduz-Bruce H, Doherty J, Jonas J, Li S, Sankoh AJ, Silber C, Campbell AD, Werneburg B, Kanes SJ, Lasser R
JAMA Psychiatry 2021 Sep 1;78(9):951-959. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1559. PMID: 34190962Free PMC Article
Association between Maternal Postpartum Depression, Stress, Optimism, and Breastfeeding Pattern in the First Six Months.
Gila-Díaz A, Carrillo GH, López de Pablo ÁL, Arribas SM, Ramiro-Cortijo D
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 Sep 30;17(19) doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197153. PMID: 33007816Free PMC Article
Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale against both DSM-5 and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for depression.
Smith-Nielsen J, Matthey S, Lange T, Væver MS
BMC Psychiatry 2018 Dec 20;18(1):393. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1965-7. PMID: 30572867Free PMC Article
Poor sleep quality increases symptoms of depression and anxiety in postpartum women.
Okun ML, Mancuso RA, Hobel CJ, Schetter CD, Coussons-Read M
J Behav Med 2018 Oct;41(5):703-710. Epub 2018 Jul 20 doi: 10.1007/s10865-018-9950-7. PMID: 30030650Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Prevalence of Perinatal Depression and Anxiety in Both Parents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Smythe KL, Petersen I, Schartau P
JAMA Netw Open 2022 Jun 1;5(6):e2218969. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18969. PMID: 35749112Free PMC Article
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Liu X, Wang S, Wang G
J Clin Nurs 2022 Oct;31(19-20):2665-2677. Epub 2021 Nov 8 doi: 10.1111/jocn.16121. PMID: 34750904
Risk factors for postpartum depression: An evidence-based systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Zhao XH, Zhang ZH
Asian J Psychiatr 2020 Oct;53:102353. Epub 2020 Aug 30 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102353. PMID: 32927309
Oxytocin and postpartum depression: A systematic review.
Thul TA, Corwin EJ, Carlson NS, Brennan PA, Young LJ
Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020 Oct;120:104793. Epub 2020 Jul 6 doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104793. PMID: 32683141Free PMC Article
Vitamin D Deficiency and Antenatal and Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review.
Aghajafari F, Letourneau N, Mahinpey N, Cosic N, Giesbrecht G
Nutrients 2018 Apr 12;10(4) doi: 10.3390/nu10040478. PMID: 29649128Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...