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Kanamycin response

MedGen UID:
776650
Concept ID:
CN184547
Sign or Symptom
Drug:
Kanamycin
MedGen UID:
7193
Concept ID:
C0022487
Antibiotic
An aminoglycoside antibiotic with antimicrobial property. Amikacin irreversibly binds to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, specifically in contact with 16S rRNA and S12 protein within the 30S subunit. This leads to interference with translational initiation complex and, misreading of mRNA, thereby hampering protein synthesis and resulting in bactericidal effect. This agent is usually used for treatment of E. coli, Proteus species (both indole-positive and indole-negative), E. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens, and Acinetobacter species. [from NCI]
 
Genes (locations): MT-RNR1; MT-TS1; RNR1 (13p12); TRMU (22q13.31)

Definition

Aminoglycosides are widely used antibiotics which inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria by binding to bacterial 16S ribosomal subunits. Aminoglycosides are associated with a number of adverse events, including nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. The risk of aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity is increased in patients who carry certain variants in the MT-RNR1 gene. MT-RNR1 is found in the mitochondrial genome and encodes the 12S ribosomal subunit. Some MT-RNR1 variants cause the 12S subunit to more closely resemble the bacterial 16S subunit, which can lead to aminoglycoside molecules binding to the ribosome. This ultimately results in hearing loss due to cell death in the cochlea. The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) have published recommendations on aminoglycoside use in patients carrying MT-RNR1 variants in the journal Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. These recommendations are also available on the CPIC and PharmGKB websites. [from PharmGKB]

Additional description

From GeneReviews
Mitochondrial nonsyndromic hearing loss and deafness is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) of variable onset and severity. Pathogenic variants in MT-RNR1 can be associated with predisposition to aminoglycoside ototoxicity and/or late-onset SNHL. Hearing loss associated with aminoglycoside ototoxicity is bilateral and severe to profound, occurring within a few days to weeks after administration of any amount (even a single dose) of an aminoglycoside antibiotic such as gentamycin, tobramycin, amikacin, kanamycin, or streptomycin. Pathogenic variants in MT-TS1 are usually associated with childhood onset of SNHL that is generally nonsyndromic – although the MT-TS1 substitution m.7445A>G has been found in some families who also have palmoplantar keratoderma (scaling, hyperkeratosis, and honeycomb appearance of the skin of the palms, soles, and heels).

Term Hierarchy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Danho R, Schildkraut JA, Zweijpfenning SMH, Svensson EM, Pennings LJ, Kuipers S, Wertheim HFL, Boeree MJ, Hoefsloot W, van Ingen J
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Lan Z, Ahmad N, Baghaei P, Barkane L, Benedetti A, Brode SK, Brust JCM, Campbell JR, Chang VWL, Falzon D, Guglielmetti L, Isaakidis P, Kempker RR, Kipiani M, Kuksa L, Lange C, Laniado-Laborín R, Nahid P, Rodrigues D, Singla R, Udwadia ZF, Menzies D; Collaborative Group for the Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data in MDR-TB treatment 2017
Lancet Respir Med 2020 Apr;8(4):383-394. Epub 2020 Mar 17 doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30047-3. PMID: 32192585Free PMC Article

Curated

DailyMed Drug Label, KANAMYCIN, 2012

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

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Diagnosis

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Therapy

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Prognosis

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Clinical prediction guides

Dumoulin M, Pottel H, Mekahli D, Laenen A, Smits A, Allegaert K
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Microbiologyopen 2022 Oct;11(5):e1316. doi: 10.1002/mbo3.1316. PMID: 36314749Free PMC Article
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Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010 Apr;11(5):843-52. doi: 10.1517/14656561003667532. PMID: 20210687
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Recent systematic reviews

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