U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Medial rotation of the medial malleolus

MedGen UID:
812056
Concept ID:
C3805726
Finding
HPO: HP:0008132

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVMedial rotation of the medial malleolus

Conditions with this feature

Marfan syndrome
MedGen UID:
44287
Concept ID:
C0024796
Disease or Syndrome
FBN1-related Marfan syndrome (Marfan syndrome), a systemic disorder of connective tissue with a high degree of clinical variability, comprises a broad phenotypic continuum ranging from mild (features of Marfan syndrome in one or a few systems) to severe and rapidly progressive neonatal multiorgan disease. Cardinal manifestations involve the ocular, skeletal, and cardiovascular systems. Ocular findings include myopia (>50% of affected individuals); ectopia lentis (seen in approximately 60% of affected individuals); and an increased risk for retinal detachment, glaucoma, and early cataracts. Skeletal system manifestations include bone overgrowth and joint laxity; disproportionately long extremities for the size of the trunk (dolichostenomelia); overgrowth of the ribs that can push the sternum in (pectus excavatum) or out (pectus carinatum); and scoliosis that ranges from mild to severe and progressive. The major morbidity and early mortality in Marfan syndrome relate to the cardiovascular system and include dilatation of the aorta at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva (predisposing to aortic tear and rupture), mitral valve prolapse with or without regurgitation, tricuspid valve prolapse, and enlargement of the proximal pulmonary artery. Severe and prolonged regurgitation of the mitral and/or aortic valve can predispose to left ventricular dysfunction and occasionally heart failure. With proper management, the life expectancy of someone with Marfan syndrome approximates that of the general population.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Vega J, Allmendinger J, Malagelada F, Guelfi M, Dalmau-Pastor M
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020 Jan;28(1):132-140. Epub 2017 Oct 5 doi: 10.1007/s00167-017-4736-y. PMID: 28983653
Lee S, Lin J, Hamid KS, Bohl DD
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2019 Jul 15;27(14):e648-e658. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-18-00198. PMID: 30475279
McKay DW
J Pediatr Orthop 1983 Feb;3(1):10-21. doi: 10.1097/01241398-198302000-00003. PMID: 6341409

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Black JDJ, Dhillon G, Tadros BJ, Malik-Tabassum K, Southgate C, Dhinsa B
Foot (Edinb) 2022 May;51:101897. Epub 2021 Dec 23 doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2021.101897. PMID: 35255405
Yuan C, Zhu G, Wang Z, Wang C, Wang X, Ma X
J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2021 Jan-Apr;29(1):2309499020984575. doi: 10.1177/2309499020984575. PMID: 33427040
Bäcker HC, Vosseller JT, Bonel H, Cullmann-Bastian J, Krause F, Attinger MC
Foot Ankle Spec 2021 Dec;14(6):489-495. Epub 2020 Jun 2 doi: 10.1177/1938640020921571. PMID: 32484366
Kang C, Hwang DS, Lee JK, Won Y, Song JH, Lee GS
Foot Ankle Int 2019 Nov;40(11):1288-1294. Epub 2019 Aug 6 doi: 10.1177/1071100719865895. PMID: 31387392
Lee S, Lin J, Hamid KS, Bohl DD
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2019 Jul 15;27(14):e648-e658. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-18-00198. PMID: 30475279

Diagnosis

Black JDJ, Dhillon G, Tadros BJ, Malik-Tabassum K, Southgate C, Dhinsa B
Foot (Edinb) 2022 May;51:101897. Epub 2021 Dec 23 doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2021.101897. PMID: 35255405
Rammelt S, Bartoníček J, Kroker L
J Bone Joint Surg Am 2022 Feb 16;104(4):353-363. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.21.00167. PMID: 35122687
Lee S, Lin J, Hamid KS, Bohl DD
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2019 Jul 15;27(14):e648-e658. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-18-00198. PMID: 30475279
Odak S, Ahluwalia R, Unnikrishnan P, Hennessy M, Platt S
J Foot Ankle Surg 2016 Jan-Feb;55(1):140-5. Epub 2015 Jun 19 doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2015.04.001. PMID: 26100091
Zalavras C, Thordarson D
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2007 Jun;15(6):330-9. doi: 10.5435/00124635-200706000-00002. PMID: 17548882

Therapy

Choi JY, Oh HK, Di Mento L, Hur JW, Suh JS
Int Orthop 2022 Nov;46(11):2637-2648. Epub 2022 Aug 22 doi: 10.1007/s00264-022-05554-3. PMID: 35994065
Cheng RZ, Wegner AM, Behn AW, Amanatullah DF
Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2018 Jun;55:1-6. Epub 2018 Mar 27 doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.03.023. PMID: 29604557
van Jonbergen HW, Westerbeek RE
Knee 2018 Jun;25(3):485-490. Epub 2018 Mar 16 doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2018.02.007. PMID: 29551276
Fitzpatrick E, Goetz JE, Sittapairoj T, Hosuru Siddappa V, Femino JE, Phisitkul P
J Bone Joint Surg Am 2018 Feb 7;100(3):243-248. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.17.00217. PMID: 29406346
Wera JC, Seligson D, Riehl JT
Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2015 Oct;25(7):1189-93. Epub 2015 Jul 22 doi: 10.1007/s00590-015-1673-7. PMID: 26198780

Prognosis

Masadeh S, Perry W, Ellabban MA, Bibbo C, Liette MD
J Foot Ankle Surg 2024 Sep-Oct;63(5):526-531. Epub 2024 May 7 doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2024.04.006. PMID: 38718967
Williamson ERC, Shimozono Y, Toale J, Dankert J, Hurley ET, Egol KA, Kennedy JG
J Foot Ankle Surg 2022 May-Jun;61(3):668-673. Epub 2021 Dec 11 doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2021.12.013. PMID: 35033444
Stenquist DS, Miller C, Velasco B, Cronin P, Kwon JY
Injury 2020 Jun;51(6):1392-1396. Epub 2020 Apr 5 doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.03.029. PMID: 32268964
Kwon JY, Cronin P, Velasco B, Chiodo C
Foot Ankle Int 2018 Jul;39(7):865-873. Epub 2018 Apr 13 doi: 10.1177/1071100718768509. PMID: 29652191
Odak S, Ahluwalia R, Unnikrishnan P, Hennessy M, Platt S
J Foot Ankle Surg 2016 Jan-Feb;55(1):140-5. Epub 2015 Jun 19 doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2015.04.001. PMID: 26100091

Clinical prediction guides

Rikken QGH, Favier BJC, Dahmen J, Stufkens SAS, Kerkhoffs GMMJ
Oper Orthop Traumatol 2024 Apr;36(2):132-144. Epub 2023 Oct 12 doi: 10.1007/s00064-023-00833-7. PMID: 37828133Free PMC Article
Kim J, Rajan L, Henry J, Mizher R, Kumar P, Srikumar S, Demetracopoulos C, Ellis S, Deland J
Foot Ankle Int 2023 Apr;44(4):281-290. Epub 2023 Mar 2 doi: 10.1177/10711007231154894. PMID: 36864751
Stenquist DS, Miller C, Velasco B, Cronin P, Kwon JY
Injury 2020 Jun;51(6):1392-1396. Epub 2020 Apr 5 doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.03.029. PMID: 32268964
Li HY, Zhou RS, Hua YH, Chen SY
Int J Sports Med 2017 Jul;38(7):546-550. Epub 2017 May 8 doi: 10.1055/s-0043-106741. PMID: 28482365
Gül M, Yavuz U, Çetinkaya E, Aykut ÜS, Özkul B, Kabukçuoğlu YS
Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2015;49(4):399-404. doi: 10.3944/AOTT.2015.14.0186. PMID: 26312467

Recent systematic reviews

Black JDJ, Dhillon G, Tadros BJ, Malik-Tabassum K, Southgate C, Dhinsa B
Foot (Edinb) 2022 May;51:101897. Epub 2021 Dec 23 doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2021.101897. PMID: 35255405
Williamson ERC, Shimozono Y, Toale J, Dankert J, Hurley ET, Egol KA, Kennedy JG
J Foot Ankle Surg 2022 May-Jun;61(3):668-673. Epub 2021 Dec 11 doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2021.12.013. PMID: 35033444
Odak S, Ahluwalia R, Unnikrishnan P, Hennessy M, Platt S
J Foot Ankle Surg 2016 Jan-Feb;55(1):140-5. Epub 2015 Jun 19 doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2015.04.001. PMID: 26100091
Gougoulias N, Khanna A, Sakellariou A, Maffulli N
Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010 Jan;468(1):243-51. Epub 2009 Jul 18 doi: 10.1007/s11999-009-0988-2. PMID: 19618247Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...