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Thyroid eye disease

MedGen UID:
83281
•Concept ID:
C0339143
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Disease, Graves Eye; Disease, Thyroid Eye; Dysthyroid Ophthalmopathies; Dysthyroid Ophthalmopathy; Eye Disease, Graves; Eye Disease, Thyroid; Graves Eye Disease; Graves Ophthalmopathy; Graves Orbitopathy; Ophthalmopathies, Thyroid-Associated; Ophthalmopathy, Dysthyroid; Ophthalmopathy, Graves; Ophthalmopathy, Thyroid Associated; Ophthalmopathy, Thyroid-Associated; Orbitopathy, Graves; Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathies; Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy; Thyroid Eye Disease; Thyroid Eye Diseases; Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathies; Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy
SNOMED CT: Thyroid ophthalmopathy (276177000); Graves' ophthalmopathy (276177000); Graves ophthalmopathy (276177000); Endocrine orbitopathy (276177000); Dysthyroid eye disease (276177000); Graves eye disease (276177000); Graves' eye disease (276177000); Ophthalmic Graves disease (276177000); Thyroid orbitopathy (276177000); Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (276177000); Endocrine ophthalmopathy (276177000); Dysthyroid orbitopathy (276177000); Thyroid eye disease (276177000)

Definition

An autoimmune disorder of the EYE, occurring in patients with Graves disease. Subtypes include congestive (inflammation of the orbital connective tissue), myopathic (swelling and dysfunction of the extraocular muscles), and mixed congestive-myopathic ophthalmopathy. [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVThyroid eye disease

Professional guidelines

PubMed

2022 Update on Clinical Management of Graves Disease and Thyroid Eye Disease.
Hoang TD, Stocker DJ, Chou EL, Burch HB
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2022 Jun;51(2):287-304. Epub 2022 May 11 doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2021.12.004. PMID: 35662442Free PMC Article
Medical and surgical treatment of thyroid eye disease.
Hall AJH, Topliss DJ
Intern Med J 2022 Jan;52(1):14-20. doi: 10.1111/imj.15067. PMID: 32975863
New insights into the pathogenesis and nonsurgical management of Graves orbitopathy.
Taylor PN, Zhang L, Lee RWJ, Muller I, Ezra DG, Dayan CM, Kahaly GJ, Ludgate M
Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020 Feb;16(2):104-116. Epub 2019 Dec 30 doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0305-4. PMID: 31889140

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

The genetics of Graves' disease.
Grixti L, Lane LC, Pearce SH
Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024 Feb;25(1):203-214. Epub 2023 Dec 18 doi: 10.1007/s11154-023-09848-8. PMID: 38108994Free PMC Article
Thyroid Eye Disease: Epidemiology, Natural History, and Risk Factors.
Bartalena L, Gallo D, Tanda ML, Kahaly GJ
Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2023 Dec 1;39(6S):S2-S8. Epub 2023 Dec 4 doi: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000002467. PMID: 38054980
Teprotumumab: A Review in Thyroid Eye Disease.
Nie T, Lamb YN
Drugs 2022 Nov;82(17):1663-1670. Epub 2022 Nov 23 doi: 10.1007/s40265-022-01804-1. PMID: 36418673Free PMC Article
Teprotumumab Efficacy, Safety, and Durability in Longer-Duration Thyroid Eye Disease and Re-treatment: OPTIC-X Study.
Douglas RS, Kahaly GJ, Ugradar S, Elflein H, Ponto KA, Fowler BT, Dailey R, Harris GJ, Schiffman J, Tang R, Wester S, Jain AP, Marcocci C, Marinò M, Antonelli A, Eckstein A, Führer-Sakel D, Salvi M, Sile S, Francis-Sedlak M, Holt RJ, Smith TJ
Ophthalmology 2022 Apr;129(4):438-449. Epub 2021 Oct 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.10.017. PMID: 34688699
Teprotumumab for the Treatment of Active Thyroid Eye Disease.
Douglas RS, Kahaly GJ, Patel A, Sile S, Thompson EHZ, Perdok R, Fleming JC, Fowler BT, Marcocci C, Marinò M, Antonelli A, Dailey R, Harris GJ, Eckstein A, Schiffman J, Tang R, Nelson C, Salvi M, Wester S, Sherman JW, Vescio T, Holt RJ, Smith TJ
N Engl J Med 2020 Jan 23;382(4):341-352. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1910434. PMID: 31971679

Diagnosis

2022 Update on Clinical Management of Graves Disease and Thyroid Eye Disease.
Hoang TD, Stocker DJ, Chou EL, Burch HB
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2022 Jun;51(2):287-304. Epub 2022 May 11 doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2021.12.004. PMID: 35662442Free PMC Article
Current concepts regarding Graves' orbitopathy.
Bartalena L, Tanda ML
J Intern Med 2022 Nov;292(5):692-716. Epub 2022 Jun 1 doi: 10.1111/joim.13524. PMID: 35604323Free PMC Article
Thyroid eye disease: a review.
Weiler DL
Clin Exp Optom 2017 Jan;100(1):20-25. Epub 2016 Oct 4 doi: 10.1111/cxo.12472. PMID: 27701774
Management of Graves Disease: A Review.
Burch HB, Cooper DS
JAMA 2015 Dec 15;314(23):2544-54. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.16535. PMID: 26670972
Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Bahn RS
N Engl J Med 2010 Feb 25;362(8):726-38. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0905750. PMID: 20181974Free PMC Article

Therapy

2022 Update on Clinical Management of Graves Disease and Thyroid Eye Disease.
Hoang TD, Stocker DJ, Chou EL, Burch HB
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2022 Jun;51(2):287-304. Epub 2022 May 11 doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2021.12.004. PMID: 35662442Free PMC Article
Current concepts regarding Graves' orbitopathy.
Bartalena L, Tanda ML
J Intern Med 2022 Nov;292(5):692-716. Epub 2022 Jun 1 doi: 10.1111/joim.13524. PMID: 35604323Free PMC Article
Medical and surgical treatment of thyroid eye disease.
Hall AJH, Topliss DJ
Intern Med J 2022 Jan;52(1):14-20. doi: 10.1111/imj.15067. PMID: 32975863
Teprotumumab for the Treatment of Active Thyroid Eye Disease.
Douglas RS, Kahaly GJ, Patel A, Sile S, Thompson EHZ, Perdok R, Fleming JC, Fowler BT, Marcocci C, Marinò M, Antonelli A, Dailey R, Harris GJ, Eckstein A, Schiffman J, Tang R, Nelson C, Salvi M, Wester S, Sherman JW, Vescio T, Holt RJ, Smith TJ
N Engl J Med 2020 Jan 23;382(4):341-352. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1910434. PMID: 31971679
Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Bahn RS
N Engl J Med 2010 Feb 25;362(8):726-38. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0905750. PMID: 20181974Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Thyroid Eye Disease.
Szelog J, Swanson H, Sniegowski MC, Lyon DB
Mo Med 2022 Jul-Aug;119(4):343-350. PMID: 36118816Free PMC Article
Teprotumumab Efficacy, Safety, and Durability in Longer-Duration Thyroid Eye Disease and Re-treatment: OPTIC-X Study.
Douglas RS, Kahaly GJ, Ugradar S, Elflein H, Ponto KA, Fowler BT, Dailey R, Harris GJ, Schiffman J, Tang R, Wester S, Jain AP, Marcocci C, Marinò M, Antonelli A, Eckstein A, Führer-Sakel D, Salvi M, Sile S, Francis-Sedlak M, Holt RJ, Smith TJ
Ophthalmology 2022 Apr;129(4):438-449. Epub 2021 Oct 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.10.017. PMID: 34688699
Teprotumumab for patients with active thyroid eye disease: a pooled data analysis, subgroup analyses, and off-treatment follow-up results from two randomised, double-masked, placebo-controlled, multicentre trials.
Kahaly GJ, Douglas RS, Holt RJ, Sile S, Smith TJ
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021 Jun;9(6):360-372. Epub 2021 Apr 15 doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00056-5. PMID: 33865501
Selenium in thyroid disorders - essential knowledge for clinicians.
Winther KH, Rayman MP, Bonnema SJ, Hegedüs L
Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020 Mar;16(3):165-176. Epub 2020 Jan 30 doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0311-6. PMID: 32001830
Management of Graves Disease: A Review.
Burch HB, Cooper DS
JAMA 2015 Dec 15;314(23):2544-54. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.16535. PMID: 26670972

Clinical prediction guides

Teprotumumab: A Review in Thyroid Eye Disease.
Nie T, Lamb YN
Drugs 2022 Nov;82(17):1663-1670. Epub 2022 Nov 23 doi: 10.1007/s40265-022-01804-1. PMID: 36418673Free PMC Article
Future Projections in Thyroid Eye Disease.
Barbesino G, Salvi M, Freitag SK
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022 Aug 8;107(Suppl_1):S47-S56. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac252. PMID: 36346684Free PMC Article
Medical and surgical treatment of thyroid eye disease.
Hall AJH, Topliss DJ
Intern Med J 2022 Jan;52(1):14-20. doi: 10.1111/imj.15067. PMID: 32975863
Teprotumumab for the Treatment of Active Thyroid Eye Disease.
Douglas RS, Kahaly GJ, Patel A, Sile S, Thompson EHZ, Perdok R, Fleming JC, Fowler BT, Marcocci C, Marinò M, Antonelli A, Dailey R, Harris GJ, Eckstein A, Schiffman J, Tang R, Nelson C, Salvi M, Wester S, Sherman JW, Vescio T, Holt RJ, Smith TJ
N Engl J Med 2020 Jan 23;382(4):341-352. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1910434. PMID: 31971679
Management of Graves Disease: A Review.
Burch HB, Cooper DS
JAMA 2015 Dec 15;314(23):2544-54. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.16535. PMID: 26670972

Recent systematic reviews

Statins and thyroid eye disease (TED): a systematic review.
Malboosbaf R, Maghsoomi Z, Emami Z, Khamseh ME, Azizi F
Endocrine 2024 Jul;85(1):11-17. Epub 2024 Jan 9 doi: 10.1007/s12020-023-03680-5. PMID: 38194219
Secondhand smoke exposure and ocular health: A systematic review.
Zhang Y, Zhang XJ, Yuan N, Wang YM, Ip P, Chen LJ, Tham CC, Pang CP, Yam JC
Surv Ophthalmol 2023 Nov-Dec;68(6):1166-1207. Epub 2023 Jul 20 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.07.001. PMID: 37479063
Vitamin D and Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review.
Chan HN, Zhang XJ, Ling XT, Bui CH, Wang YM, Ip P, Chu WK, Chen LJ, Tham CC, Yam JC, Pang CP
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Apr 11;23(8) doi: 10.3390/ijms23084226. PMID: 35457041Free PMC Article
Radiotherapy for Active Thyroid Eye Disease.
Godfrey KJ, Kazim M
Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 Jul/Aug;34(4S Suppl 1):S98-S104. doi: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000001074. PMID: 29771752
Orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease: methods, outcomes, and complications.
Jefferis JM, Jones RK, Currie ZI, Tan JH, Salvi SM
Eye (Lond) 2018 Mar;32(3):626-636. Epub 2017 Dec 15 doi: 10.1038/eye.2017.260. PMID: 29243735Free PMC Article

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