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Breasts and/or nipples, aplasia or hypoplasia of, 2(BNAH2)

MedGen UID:
863355
Concept ID:
C4014918
Congenital Abnormality
Synonym: BNAH2
 
Gene (location): PTPRF (1p34.2)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014450
OMIM®: 616001

Definition

Congenital aplastic deformities of the breast include amastia (total absence of breasts and nipple), athelia (absence of the nipple), and amazia (absence of the mammary gland). Most common is amastia. Bilateral absence of the breasts may occur as an isolated anomaly or may be associated with a syndrome or a cluster of other anomalies, including anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (305100) or Poland syndrome (173800) (summary by Papadimitriou et al., 2009). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of aplasia or hypoplasia of the breasts and/or nipples, see 113700. [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Cryptorchidism
MedGen UID:
8192
Concept ID:
C0010417
Congenital Abnormality
Cryptorchidism, or failure of testicular descent, is a common human congenital abnormality with a multifactorial etiology that likely reflects the involvement of endocrine, environmental, and hereditary factors. Cryptorchidism can result in infertility and increases risk for testicular tumors. Testicular descent from abdomen to scrotum occurs in 2 distinct phases: the transabdominal phase and the inguinoscrotal phase (summary by Gorlov et al., 2002).
Male urethral meatus stenosis
MedGen UID:
1694020
Concept ID:
C4760707
Disease or Syndrome
An abnormal narrowing of the urethral opening (meatus) of the penis.
Bilateral single transverse palmar creases
MedGen UID:
354661
Concept ID:
C1862095
Finding
The distal and proximal transverse palmar creases are merged into a single transverse palmar crease on both hands.
Small earlobe
MedGen UID:
334587
Concept ID:
C1842680
Finding
Reduced volume of the earlobe.
Broad nasal tip
MedGen UID:
98424
Concept ID:
C0426429
Finding
Increase in width of the nasal tip.
Smooth philtrum
MedGen UID:
222980
Concept ID:
C1142533
Finding
Flat skin surface, with no ridge formation in the central region of the upper lip between the nasal base and upper vermilion border.
Anteverted nares
MedGen UID:
326648
Concept ID:
C1840077
Finding
Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip).
Widely spaced teeth
MedGen UID:
337093
Concept ID:
C1844813
Finding
Increased spaces (diastemata) between most of the teeth in the same dental arch.
Highly arched eyebrow
MedGen UID:
358357
Concept ID:
C1868571
Finding
Increased height of the central portion of the eyebrow, forming a crescent, semicircular, or inverted U shape.
Absent nipple
MedGen UID:
64223
Concept ID:
C0175755
Congenital Abnormality
Congenital failure to develop, and absence of, the nipple.
Hypoplastic nipples
MedGen UID:
98156
Concept ID:
C0432355
Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the nipple.
Hypoplastic areola
MedGen UID:
477663
Concept ID:
C3276032
Finding
Underdevelopment of the areola, the circular area of pigmented skin surrounding the nipple.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Northrup H, Aronow ME, Bebin EM, Bissler J, Darling TN, de Vries PJ, Frost MD, Fuchs Z, Gosnell ES, Gupta N, Jansen AC, Jóźwiak S, Kingswood JC, Knilans TK, McCormack FX, Pounders A, Roberds SL, Rodriguez-Buritica DF, Roth J, Sampson JR, Sparagana S, Thiele EA, Weiner HL, Wheless JW, Towbin AJ, Krueger DA; International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Group
Pediatr Neurol 2021 Oct;123:50-66. Epub 2021 Jul 24 doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.07.011. PMID: 34399110
Messner AH, Walsh J, Rosenfeld RM, Schwartz SR, Ishman SL, Baldassari C, Brietzke SE, Darrow DH, Goldstein N, Levi J, Meyer AK, Parikh S, Simons JP, Wohl DL, Lambie E, Satterfield L
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 May;162(5):597-611. Epub 2020 Apr 14 doi: 10.1177/0194599820915457. PMID: 32283998
M Braden A, V Stankowski R, M Engel J, A Onitilo A
Curr Pharm Des 2014;20(30):4879-98. doi: 10.2174/1381612819666131125145517. PMID: 24283956

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Yamada D, Ohde S, Kajiura Y, Yagishita K, Nozaki F, Suzuki K, Kanomata N, Yamauchi H, Tsunoda H
Clin Breast Cancer 2022 Aug;22(6):560-566. Epub 2022 Apr 22 doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.04.005. PMID: 35581133
Douglas P
Womens Health (Lond) 2022 Jan-Dec;18:17455057221087865. doi: 10.1177/17455057221087865. PMID: 35343816Free PMC Article
Nazari SS, Mukherjee P
Breast Cancer 2018 May;25(3):259-267. Epub 2018 Apr 12 doi: 10.1007/s12282-018-0857-5. PMID: 29651637Free PMC Article
Melnikow J, Fenton JJ, Whitlock EP, Miglioretti DL, Weyrich MS, Thompson JH, Shah K
Ann Intern Med 2016 Feb 16;164(4):268-78. Epub 2016 Jan 12 doi: 10.7326/M15-1789. PMID: 26757021Free PMC Article
Jansen LA, Backstein RM, Brown MH
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2014 Dec;67(12):1615-23. Epub 2014 Oct 13 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2014.10.001. PMID: 25456291

Diagnosis

Douglas P
Womens Health (Lond) 2022 Jan-Dec;18:17455057221087865. doi: 10.1177/17455057221087865. PMID: 35343816Free PMC Article
Faguy K
Radiol Technol 2022 Jan;93(3):303M-315M. PMID: 35017277
McGhee DE, Steele JR
Physiology (Bethesda) 2020 Mar 1;35(2):144-156. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00024.2019. PMID: 32027563
Waldman RA, Finch J, Grant-Kels JM, Stevenson C, Whitaker-Worth D
J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 Jun;80(6):1467-1481. Epub 2018 Nov 16 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.066. PMID: 30452954
Nazari SS, Mukherjee P
Breast Cancer 2018 May;25(3):259-267. Epub 2018 Apr 12 doi: 10.1007/s12282-018-0857-5. PMID: 29651637Free PMC Article

Therapy

Krug D, Baumann R, Combs SE, Duma MN, Dunst J, Feyer P, Fietkau R, Haase W, Harms W, Hehr T, Piroth MD, Sedlmayer F, Souchon R, Strnad V, Budach W; Breast Cancer Expert Panel of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO)
Strahlenther Onkol 2021 Apr;197(4):269-280. Epub 2021 Jan 28 doi: 10.1007/s00066-020-01744-3. PMID: 33507331Free PMC Article
Sisti A
Medicina (Kaunas) 2020 Jun 16;56(6) doi: 10.3390/medicina56060296. PMID: 32560062Free PMC Article
Fiorica JV
Clin Obstet Gynecol 2016 Dec;59(4):688-709. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000246. PMID: 27741212
Hammond DC, Loffredo M
Plast Reconstr Surg 2012 May;129(5):829e-839e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31824a2efc. PMID: 22544113
Whelan TJ, Pignol JP, Levine MN, Julian JA, MacKenzie R, Parpia S, Shelley W, Grimard L, Bowen J, Lukka H, Perera F, Fyles A, Schneider K, Gulavita S, Freeman C
N Engl J Med 2010 Feb 11;362(6):513-20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0906260. PMID: 20147717

Prognosis

Yamada D, Ohde S, Kajiura Y, Yagishita K, Nozaki F, Suzuki K, Kanomata N, Yamauchi H, Tsunoda H
Clin Breast Cancer 2022 Aug;22(6):560-566. Epub 2022 Apr 22 doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.04.005. PMID: 35581133
Comstock CE, Gatsonis C, Newstead GM, Snyder BS, Gareen IF, Bergin JT, Rahbar H, Sung JS, Jacobs C, Harvey JA, Nicholson MH, Ward RC, Holt J, Prather A, Miller KD, Schnall MD, Kuhl CK
JAMA 2020 Feb 25;323(8):746-756. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.0572. PMID: 32096852Free PMC Article
Bakker MF, de Lange SV, Pijnappel RM, Mann RM, Peeters PHM, Monninkhof EM, Emaus MJ, Loo CE, Bisschops RHC, Lobbes MBI, de Jong MDF, Duvivier KM, Veltman J, Karssemeijer N, de Koning HJ, van Diest PJ, Mali WPTM, van den Bosch MAAJ, Veldhuis WB, van Gils CH; DENSE Trial Study Group
N Engl J Med 2019 Nov 28;381(22):2091-2102. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1903986. PMID: 31774954
Waldman RA, Finch J, Grant-Kels JM, Stevenson C, Whitaker-Worth D
J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 Jun;80(6):1467-1481. Epub 2018 Nov 16 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.066. PMID: 30452954
Qureshi AA, Myckatyn TM, Tenenbaum MM
Aesthet Surg J 2018 Mar 14;38(4):374-384. doi: 10.1093/asj/sjx181. PMID: 29365038

Clinical prediction guides

Mastrosimini MG, Eccher A, Nottegar A, Montin U, Scarpa A, Pantanowitz L, Girolami I
Pathol Res Pract 2022 Dec;240:154191. Epub 2022 Oct 28 doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154191. PMID: 36356336
Lee SR, Park JY
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022 Jun;75(6):1858-1860. Epub 2022 Jan 31 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.01.051. PMID: 35181247
Vourtsis A
Diagn Interv Imaging 2019 Oct;100(10):579-592. Epub 2019 Apr 5 doi: 10.1016/j.diii.2019.03.012. PMID: 30962169
Melnikow J, Fenton JJ, Whitlock EP, Miglioretti DL, Weyrich MS, Thompson JH, Shah K
Ann Intern Med 2016 Feb 16;164(4):268-78. Epub 2016 Jan 12 doi: 10.7326/M15-1789. PMID: 26757021Free PMC Article
Peters MS, Lehman JS, Comfere NI
Am J Dermatopathol 2013 May;35(3):289-304; quiz 305-7. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0b013e318267caa3. PMID: 23598853

Recent systematic reviews

Bodewes FTH, van Asselt AA, Dorrius MD, Greuter MJW, de Bock GH
Breast 2022 Dec;66:62-68. Epub 2022 Sep 26 doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2022.09.007. PMID: 36183671Free PMC Article
Ren W, Chen M, Qiao Y, Zhao F
Breast 2022 Aug;64:85-99. Epub 2022 Apr 19 doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2022.04.003. PMID: 35636342Free PMC Article
Lissidini G, Mulè A, Santoro A, Papa G, Nicosia L, Cassano E, Ashoor AA, Veronesi P, Pantanowitz L, Hornick JL, Rossi ED
Pathologica 2022 Apr;114(2):111-120. Epub 2022 Apr 13 doi: 10.32074/1591-951X-754. PMID: 35414723Free PMC Article
Boutas I, Kontogeorgi A, Dimitrakakis C, Kalantaridou SN
In Vivo 2022 Mar-Apr;36(2):556-562. doi: 10.21873/invivo.12737. PMID: 35241506Free PMC Article
Lopes LB, Machado V, Mascarenhas P, Mendes JJ, Botelho J
Sci Rep 2021 Nov 17;11(1):22405. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01541-7. PMID: 34789780Free PMC Article

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