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Congenital deformity of lower limb

MedGen UID:
96571
•Concept ID:
C0431943
•
Congenital Abnormality
Synonyms: Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital; Lower Limb Deformities, Congenital
SNOMED CT: Congenital deformity of lower limb (1230024004); Congenital deformity of leg (1230024004)

Definition

Congenital structural abnormalities of the LOWER EXTREMITY. [from MeSH]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnosis and Treatment of Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot.
Cady R, Hennessey TA, Schwend RM
Pediatrics 2022 Feb 1;149(2) doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-055555. PMID: 35104362Free PMC Article
A guide to the management of paediatric pes planus.
Turner C, Gardiner MD, Midgley A, Stefanis A
Aust J Gen Pract 2020 May;49(5):245-249. doi: 10.31128/AJGP-09-19-5089. PMID: 32416653
Flatfeet: Biomechanical implications, assessment and management.
Kodithuwakku Arachchige SNK, Chander H, Knight A
Foot (Edinb) 2019 Mar;38:81-85. Epub 2019 Feb 11 doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2019.02.004. PMID: 30844660

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

A guide to the management of paediatric pes planus.
Turner C, Gardiner MD, Midgley A, Stefanis A
Aust J Gen Pract 2020 May;49(5):245-249. doi: 10.31128/AJGP-09-19-5089. PMID: 32416653
Pathology and management of flexible flat foot in children.
Ueki Y, Sakuma E, Wada I
J Orthop Sci 2019 Jan;24(1):9-13. Epub 2018 Oct 23 doi: 10.1016/j.jos.2018.09.018. PMID: 30366675
Pediatric Pes Planus: A State-of-the-Art Review.
Carr JB 2nd, Yang S, Lather LA
Pediatrics 2016 Mar;137(3):e20151230. Epub 2016 Feb 17 doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-1230. PMID: 26908688
Pediatric flatfoot: cause, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment.
Dare DM, Dodwell ER
Curr Opin Pediatr 2014 Feb;26(1):93-100. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000039. PMID: 24346183
A Cochrane review of the evidence for non-surgical interventions for flexible pediatric flat feet.
Evans AM, Rome K
Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2011 Mar;47(1):69-89. PMID: 21448121

Diagnosis

A guide to the management of paediatric pes planus.
Turner C, Gardiner MD, Midgley A, Stefanis A
Aust J Gen Pract 2020 May;49(5):245-249. doi: 10.31128/AJGP-09-19-5089. PMID: 32416653
Flatfeet: Biomechanical implications, assessment and management.
Kodithuwakku Arachchige SNK, Chander H, Knight A
Foot (Edinb) 2019 Mar;38:81-85. Epub 2019 Feb 11 doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2019.02.004. PMID: 30844660
Pathology and management of flexible flat foot in children.
Ueki Y, Sakuma E, Wada I
J Orthop Sci 2019 Jan;24(1):9-13. Epub 2018 Oct 23 doi: 10.1016/j.jos.2018.09.018. PMID: 30366675
Adult flatfoot.
Toullec E
Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2015 Feb;101(1 Suppl):S11-7. Epub 2015 Jan 13 doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2014.07.030. PMID: 25595429
Pediatric flatfoot: cause, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment.
Dare DM, Dodwell ER
Curr Opin Pediatr 2014 Feb;26(1):93-100. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000039. PMID: 24346183

Therapy

A comprehensive exercise program improves foot alignment in people with flexible flat foot: a randomised trial.
Brijwasi T, Borkar P
J Physiother 2023 Jan;69(1):42-46. Epub 2022 Dec 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jphys.2022.11.011. PMID: 36526555
The effects of short foot exercises to treat flat foot deformity: A systematic review.
Hara S, Kitano M, Kudo S
J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2023;36(1):21-33. doi: 10.3233/BMR-210374. PMID: 35871320
Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet.
Evans AM, Rome K, Carroll M, Hawke F
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Jan 26;1(1):CD006311. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006311.pub4. PMID: 35080267Free PMC Article
Evidence for foot orthoses for adults with flatfoot: a systematic review.
Herchenröder M, Wilfling D, Steinhäuser J
J Foot Ankle Res 2021 Nov 29;14(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s13047-021-00499-z. PMID: 34844639Free PMC Article
Pediatric Flatfoot: Pearls and Pitfalls.
Ford SE, Scannell BP
Foot Ankle Clin 2017 Sep;22(3):643-656. Epub 2017 Jun 3 doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2017.04.008. PMID: 28779814

Prognosis

The Treatment of Recurrent Congenital Clubfoot.
Radler C
Foot Ankle Clin 2021 Dec;26(4):619-637. Epub 2021 Aug 8 doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2021.07.001. PMID: 34752231
Forefoot malformations, deformities and other congenital defects in children.
Rampal V, Giuliano F
Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2020 Feb;106(1S):S115-S123. Epub 2019 Oct 21 doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2019.03.021. PMID: 31648997
Congenital Tibial Deficiency.
Litrenta J, Young M, Birch JG, Oetgen ME
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2019 Mar 15;27(6):e268-e279. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-16-00838. PMID: 30418269
Adult-acquired flatfoot deformity.
Smyth NA, Aiyer AA, Kaplan JR, Carmody CA, Kadakia AR
Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2017 May;27(4):433-439. Epub 2017 Mar 21 doi: 10.1007/s00590-017-1945-5. PMID: 28324203
Skewfoot.
Napiontek M
J Pediatr Orthop 2002 Jan-Feb;22(1):130-3. PMID: 11744869

Clinical prediction guides

Congenital Tibial Deficiency.
Litrenta J, Young M, Birch JG, Oetgen ME
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2019 Mar 15;27(6):e268-e279. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-16-00838. PMID: 30418269
Pathology and management of flexible flat foot in children.
Ueki Y, Sakuma E, Wada I
J Orthop Sci 2019 Jan;24(1):9-13. Epub 2018 Oct 23 doi: 10.1016/j.jos.2018.09.018. PMID: 30366675
Ponseti method in the management of clubfoot under 2 years of age: A systematic review.
Ganesan B, Luximon A, Al-Jumaily A, Balasankar SK, Naik GR
PLoS One 2017;12(6):e0178299. Epub 2017 Jun 20 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178299. PMID: 28632733Free PMC Article
Pediatric Pes Planus: A State-of-the-Art Review.
Carr JB 2nd, Yang S, Lather LA
Pediatrics 2016 Mar;137(3):e20151230. Epub 2016 Feb 17 doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-1230. PMID: 26908688
A Cochrane review of the evidence for non-surgical interventions for flexible pediatric flat feet.
Evans AM, Rome K
Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2011 Mar;47(1):69-89. PMID: 21448121

Recent systematic reviews

The effects of short foot exercises to treat flat foot deformity: A systematic review.
Hara S, Kitano M, Kudo S
J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2023;36(1):21-33. doi: 10.3233/BMR-210374. PMID: 35871320
Risk Factors of Flatfoot in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Xu L, Gu H, Zhang Y, Sun T, Yu J
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Jul 6;19(14) doi: 10.3390/ijerph19148247. PMID: 35886097Free PMC Article
Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet.
Evans AM, Rome K, Carroll M, Hawke F
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Jan 26;1(1):CD006311. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006311.pub4. PMID: 35080267Free PMC Article
Evidence for foot orthoses for adults with flatfoot: a systematic review.
Herchenröder M, Wilfling D, Steinhäuser J
J Foot Ankle Res 2021 Nov 29;14(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s13047-021-00499-z. PMID: 34844639Free PMC Article
Ponseti method in the management of clubfoot under 2 years of age: A systematic review.
Ganesan B, Luximon A, Al-Jumaily A, Balasankar SK, Naik GR
PLoS One 2017;12(6):e0178299. Epub 2017 Jun 20 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178299. PMID: 28632733Free PMC Article

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