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Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 2(SGBS2)

MedGen UID:
337527
Concept ID:
C1846175
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome, Type 2
 
Gene (location): OFD1 (Xp22.2)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0010265
OMIM®: 300209
Orphanet: ORPHA79022

Definition

Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 2 (SGBS2) is an X-linked recessive disorder in which affected males have severely impaired intellectual development, ciliary dyskinesia, and macrocephaly (summary by Budny et al., 2006). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, see 312870. [from OMIM]

Additional description

From MedlinePlus Genetics
Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome can also cause heart defects, malformed or abnormally large kidneys, an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), and skeletal abnormalities. Additionally, the syndrome can affect the development of the gastrointestinal system, urinary system, and genitalia. Some people with this condition have mild to severe intellectual disability, while others have normal intelligence.

About 10 percent of people with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome develop cancerous or noncancerous tumors in early childhood. The most common tumors are a rare form of kidney cancer called Wilms tumor and a cancerous tumor called a neuroblastoma that arises from developing nerve cells.

Other features of Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome involve the chest and abdomen. Affected infants may be born with one or more extra nipples, an abnormal opening in the muscle covering the abdomen (diastasis recti), a soft out-pouching around the belly-button (an umbilical hernia), or a hole in the diaphragm (a diaphragmatic hernia) that allows the stomach and intestines to move into the chest and crowd the developing heart and lungs.

People with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome have distinctive facial features including widely spaced eyes (ocular hypertelorism), an unusually large mouth (macrostomia), a large tongue (macroglossia) that may have a deep groove or furrow down the middle, a broad nose with an upturned tip, and abnormalities affecting the roof of the mouth (the palate). The facial features are often described as "coarse" in older children and adults with this condition.

Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome is a condition that affects many parts of the body and occurs primarily in males. This condition is classified as an overgrowth syndrome, which means that affected infants are considerably larger than normal at birth (macrosomia) and continue to grow and gain weight at an unusual rate. The other signs and symptoms of Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome vary widely. People with mild cases often live into adulthood.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/simpson-golabi-behmel-syndrome

Clinical features

From HPO
Broad thumb
MedGen UID:
140880
Concept ID:
C0426891
Finding
Increased thumb width without increased dorso-ventral dimension.
Postaxial hand polydactyly
MedGen UID:
609221
Concept ID:
C0431904
Congenital Abnormality
Supernumerary digits located at the ulnar side of the hand (that is, on the side with the fifth finger).
Short finger
MedGen UID:
334977
Concept ID:
C1844548
Anatomical Abnormality
Abnormally short finger associated with developmental hypoplasia.
Obesity
MedGen UID:
18127
Concept ID:
C0028754
Disease or Syndrome
Accumulation of substantial excess body fat.
Low-set ears
MedGen UID:
65980
Concept ID:
C0239234
Congenital Abnormality
Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.
Intellectual disability, severe
MedGen UID:
48638
Concept ID:
C0036857
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Severe mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 20-34.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Ventriculomegaly
MedGen UID:
480553
Concept ID:
C3278923
Finding
An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.
Inguinal hernia
MedGen UID:
6817
Concept ID:
C0019294
Finding
Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Macrocephaly
MedGen UID:
745757
Concept ID:
C2243051
Finding
Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium.
Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections
MedGen UID:
154380
Concept ID:
C0581381
Disease or Syndrome
An increased susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infections as manifested by a history of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (running ears - otitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis).
Recurrent lower respiratory tract infections
MedGen UID:
756211
Concept ID:
C3163798
Disease or Syndrome
An increased susceptibility to lower respiratory tract infections as manifested by a history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections.
Recurrent respiratory infections
MedGen UID:
812812
Concept ID:
C3806482
Finding
An increased susceptibility to respiratory infections as manifested by a history of recurrent respiratory infections.
Neonatal respiratory distress
MedGen UID:
924182
Concept ID:
C4281993
Finding
Respiratory difficulty as newborn.
High palate
MedGen UID:
66814
Concept ID:
C0240635
Congenital Abnormality
Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
Follow this link to review classifications for Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 2 in Orphanet.

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Bukowy-Bieryllo Z, Rabiasz A, Dabrowski M, Pogorzelski A, Wojda A, Dmenska H, Grzela K, Sroczynski J, Witt M, Zietkiewicz E
J Med Genet 2019 Nov;56(11):769-777. Epub 2019 Jul 31 doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105918. PMID: 31366608

Diagnosis

Kehrer C, Hoischen A, Menkhaus R, Schwab E, Müller A, Kim S, Kreiß M, Weitensteiner V, Hilger A, Berg C, Geipel A, Reutter H, Gembruch U
Prenat Diagn 2016 Oct;36(10):961-965. Epub 2016 Sep 27 doi: 10.1002/pd.4920. PMID: 27589329
Tenorio J, Arias P, Martínez-Glez V, Santos F, García-Miñaur S, Nevado J, Lapunzina P
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014 Sep 20;9:138. doi: 10.1186/s13023-014-0138-0. PMID: 25238977Free PMC Article
Bisschoff IJ, Zeschnigk C, Horn D, Wellek B, Rieß A, Wessels M, Willems P, Jensen P, Busche A, Bekkebraten J, Chopra M, Hove HD, Evers C, Heimdal K, Kaiser AS, Kunstmann E, Robinson KL, Linné M, Martin P, McGrath J, Pradel W, Prescott KE, Roesler B, Rudolf G, Siebers-Renelt U, Tyshchenko N, Wieczorek D, Wolff G, Dobyns WB, Morris-Rosendahl DJ
Hum Mutat 2013 Jan;34(1):237-47. Epub 2012 Oct 17 doi: 10.1002/humu.22224. PMID: 23033313Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Fauth C, Steindl K, Toutain A, Farrell S, Witsch-Baumgartner M, Karall D, Joset P, Böhm S, Baumer A, Maier O, Zschocke J, Weksberg R, Marshall CR, Rauch A
Am J Med Genet A 2016 Feb;170A(2):392-402. Epub 2015 Nov 6 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37452. PMID: 26545172
Webb TR, Parfitt DA, Gardner JC, Martinez A, Bevilacqua D, Davidson AE, Zito I, Thiselton DL, Ressa JH, Apergi M, Schwarz N, Kanuga N, Michaelides M, Cheetham ME, Gorin MB, Hardcastle AJ
Hum Mol Genet 2012 Aug 15;21(16):3647-54. Epub 2012 May 22 doi: 10.1093/hmg/dds194. PMID: 22619378Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Tenorio J, Arias P, Martínez-Glez V, Santos F, García-Miñaur S, Nevado J, Lapunzina P
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014 Sep 20;9:138. doi: 10.1186/s13023-014-0138-0. PMID: 25238977Free PMC Article
Bisschoff IJ, Zeschnigk C, Horn D, Wellek B, Rieß A, Wessels M, Willems P, Jensen P, Busche A, Bekkebraten J, Chopra M, Hove HD, Evers C, Heimdal K, Kaiser AS, Kunstmann E, Robinson KL, Linné M, Martin P, McGrath J, Pradel W, Prescott KE, Roesler B, Rudolf G, Siebers-Renelt U, Tyshchenko N, Wieczorek D, Wolff G, Dobyns WB, Morris-Rosendahl DJ
Hum Mutat 2013 Jan;34(1):237-47. Epub 2012 Oct 17 doi: 10.1002/humu.22224. PMID: 23033313Free PMC Article
Webb TR, Parfitt DA, Gardner JC, Martinez A, Bevilacqua D, Davidson AE, Zito I, Thiselton DL, Ressa JH, Apergi M, Schwarz N, Kanuga N, Michaelides M, Cheetham ME, Gorin MB, Hardcastle AJ
Hum Mol Genet 2012 Aug 15;21(16):3647-54. Epub 2012 May 22 doi: 10.1093/hmg/dds194. PMID: 22619378Free PMC Article
Coene KL, Roepman R, Doherty D, Afroze B, Kroes HY, Letteboer SJ, Ngu LH, Budny B, van Wijk E, Gorden NT, Azhimi M, Thauvin-Robinet C, Veltman JA, Boink M, Kleefstra T, Cremers FP, van Bokhoven H, de Brouwer AP
Am J Hum Genet 2009 Oct;85(4):465-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.09.002. PMID: 19800048Free PMC Article

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