U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Links from Gene

Autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia 1(AGM1)

MedGen UID:
463494
Concept ID:
C3152144
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Agammaglobulinemia due to early proB cell defect; Agammaglobulinemia type 1; Agammaglobulinemia, autosomal recessive; AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE, DUE TO IGHM DEFECT; AGM1
 
Gene (location): IGHM (14q32.33)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0020729
OMIM®: 601495

Definition

Agammaglobulinemia is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by profoundly low or absent serum antibodies and low or absent circulating B cells due to an early block of B-cell development. Affected individuals develop severe infections in the first years of life. The most common form of agammaglobulinemia is X-linked agammaglobulinemia (AGMX1, XLA; 300755), also known as Bruton disease, which is caused by mutation in the BTK gene (300300). AGMX1 accounts for anywhere from 85 to 95% of males who have the characteristic findings (Lopez Granados et al., 2002; Ferrari et al., 2007). Autosomal recessive inheritance of agammaglobulinemia, which has a similar phenotype to that of the X-linked form, has been observed in a small number of families, and accounts for up to 15% of patients with agammaglobulinemia (Ferrari et al., 2007). Conley (1999) gave a comprehensive review of autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia. Genetic Heterogeneity of Autosomal Agammaglobulinemia Autosomal agammaglobulinemia is a genetically heterogeneous disorder: see also AGM2 (613500), caused by mutation in the IGLL1 gene (146770); AGM3 (613501), caused by mutation in the CD79A gene (112205); AGM4 (613502), caused by mutation in the BLNK gene (604515); AGM5 (613506), caused by disruption of the LRRC8 gene (608360); AGM6 (612692), caused by mutation in the CD79B gene (147245); AGM7 (615214), caused by mutation in the PIK3R1 gene (171833); AGM8 (616941), caused by mutation in the TCF3 gene (147141); AGM9 (619693), caused by mutation in the SLC39A7 gene (601416); and AGM10 (619707), caused by mutation in the SPI1 gene (165170). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Failure to thrive
MedGen UID:
746019
Concept ID:
C2315100
Disease or Syndrome
Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.
Chronic diarrhea
MedGen UID:
96036
Concept ID:
C0401151
Finding
The presence of chronic diarrhea, which is usually taken to mean diarrhea that has persisted for over 4 weeks.
Bronchiectasis
MedGen UID:
14234
Concept ID:
C0006267
Disease or Syndrome
Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi owing to localized and irreversible destruction and widening of the large airways.
Recurrent sinusitis
MedGen UID:
107919
Concept ID:
C0581354
Disease or Syndrome
A recurrent form of sinusitis.
Recurrent pneumonia
MedGen UID:
195802
Concept ID:
C0694550
Disease or Syndrome
An increased susceptibility to pneumonia as manifested by a history of recurrent episodes of pneumonia.
Recurrent respiratory infections
MedGen UID:
812812
Concept ID:
C3806482
Finding
An increased susceptibility to respiratory infections as manifested by a history of recurrent respiratory infections.
Agammaglobulinemia
MedGen UID:
168
Concept ID:
C0001768
Disease or Syndrome
A lasting absence of total IgG and total IgA and total IgM in the blood circulation, whereby at most trace quantities can be measured.
Conjunctivitis
MedGen UID:
1093
Concept ID:
C0009763
Disease or Syndrome
Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Rectal abscess
MedGen UID:
57700
Concept ID:
C0149770
Pathologic Function
A collection of pus in the area of the rectum.
Recurrent otitis media
MedGen UID:
155436
Concept ID:
C0747085
Disease or Syndrome
Increased susceptibility to otitis media, as manifested by recurrent episodes of otitis media.
Neutropenia
MedGen UID:
163121
Concept ID:
C0853697
Finding
An abnormally low number of neutrophils in the peripheral blood.
Panhypogammaglobulinemia
MedGen UID:
233072
Concept ID:
C1328587
Finding
A reduction in the circulating levels of all the major classes of immunoglobulin. is characterized by profound decreases in all classes of immunoglobulin with an absence of circulating B lymphocytes.
Recurrent bacterial infections
MedGen UID:
334943
Concept ID:
C1844383
Finding
Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, as manifested by recurrent episodes of bacterial infection.
B lymphocytopenia
MedGen UID:
340780
Concept ID:
C1855067
Finding
An abnormal decrease from the normal count of B cells.
Recurrent enteroviral infections
MedGen UID:
871203
Concept ID:
C4025681
Finding
Increased susceptibility to enteroviral infections, as manifested by recurrent episodes of enteroviral infection.
Decreased circulating antibody concentration
MedGen UID:
892481
Concept ID:
C4048270
Finding
An abnormally decreased level of immunoglobulin in blood.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Marakhonov AV, Efimova IY, Mukhina AA, Zinchenko RA, Balinova NV, Rodina Y, Pershin D, Ryzhkova OP, Orlova AA, Zabnenkova VV, Cherevatova TB, Beskorovainaya TS, Shchagina OA, Polyakov AV, Markova ZG, Minzhenkova ME, Shilova NV, Larin SS, Khadzhieva MB, Dudina ES, Kalinina EV, Mudaeva DA, Saydaeva DH, Matulevich SA, Belyashova EY, Yakubovskiy GI, Tebieva IS, Gabisova YV, Irinina NA, Nurgalieva LR, Saifullina EV, Belyaeva TI, Romanova OS, Voronin SV, Shcherbina A, Kutsev SI
J Clin Immunol 2024 Apr 5;44(4):93. doi: 10.1007/s10875-024-01691-z. PMID: 38578360
Giżewska M, Durda K, Winter T, Ostrowska I, Ołtarzewski M, Klein J, Blankenstein O, Romanowska H, Krzywińska-Zdeb E, Patalan MF, Bartkowiak E, Szczerba N, Seiberling S, Birkenfeld B, Nauck M, von Bernuth H, Meisel C, Bernatowska EA, Walczak M, Pac M
Front Immunol 2020;11:1948. Epub 2020 Oct 16 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01948. PMID: 33178177Free PMC Article
Trakadis YJ, Alfares A, Bodamer OA, Buyukavci M, Christodoulou J, Connor P, Glamuzina E, Gonzalez-Fernandez F, Bibi H, Echenne B, Manoli I, Mitchell J, Nordwall M, Prasad C, Scaglia F, Schiff M, Schrewe B, Touati G, Tchan MC, Varet B, Venditti CP, Zafeiriou D, Rupar CA, Rosenblatt DS, Watkins D, Braverman N
J Inherit Metab Dis 2014 May;37(3):461-73. Epub 2013 Dec 5 doi: 10.1007/s10545-013-9664-5. PMID: 24305960

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Marakhonov AV, Efimova IY, Mukhina AA, Zinchenko RA, Balinova NV, Rodina Y, Pershin D, Ryzhkova OP, Orlova AA, Zabnenkova VV, Cherevatova TB, Beskorovainaya TS, Shchagina OA, Polyakov AV, Markova ZG, Minzhenkova ME, Shilova NV, Larin SS, Khadzhieva MB, Dudina ES, Kalinina EV, Mudaeva DA, Saydaeva DH, Matulevich SA, Belyashova EY, Yakubovskiy GI, Tebieva IS, Gabisova YV, Irinina NA, Nurgalieva LR, Saifullina EV, Belyaeva TI, Romanova OS, Voronin SV, Shcherbina A, Kutsev SI
J Clin Immunol 2024 Apr 5;44(4):93. doi: 10.1007/s10875-024-01691-z. PMID: 38578360
Giżewska M, Durda K, Winter T, Ostrowska I, Ołtarzewski M, Klein J, Blankenstein O, Romanowska H, Krzywińska-Zdeb E, Patalan MF, Bartkowiak E, Szczerba N, Seiberling S, Birkenfeld B, Nauck M, von Bernuth H, Meisel C, Bernatowska EA, Walczak M, Pac M
Front Immunol 2020;11:1948. Epub 2020 Oct 16 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01948. PMID: 33178177Free PMC Article
Özen S, Batu ED, Taşkıran EZ, Özkara HA, Ünal Ş, Güleray N, Erden A, Karadağ Ö, Gümrük F, Çetin M, Sönmez HE, Bilginer Y, Ayvaz DÇ, Tezcan I
J Rheumatol 2020 Jan;47(1):117-125. Epub 2019 May 1 doi: 10.3899/jrheum.181384. PMID: 31043544
Bousfiha AA, Jeddane L, El Hafidi N, Benajiba N, Rada N, El Bakkouri J, Kili A, Benmiloud S, Benhsaien I, Faiz I, Maataoui O, Aadam Z, Aglaguel A, Baba LA, Jouhadi Z, Abilkassem R, Bouskraoui M, Hida M, Najib J, Alj HS, Ailal F; Moroccan Society for Primary Immunodeficiencies (MSPID)
J Clin Immunol 2014 May;34(4):459-68. Epub 2014 Mar 12 doi: 10.1007/s10875-014-0005-8. PMID: 24619622
Guerrini MM, Sobacchi C, Cassani B, Abinun M, Kilic SS, Pangrazio A, Moratto D, Mazzolari E, Clayton-Smith J, Orchard P, Coxon FP, Helfrich MH, Crockett JC, Mellis D, Vellodi A, Tezcan I, Notarangelo LD, Rogers MJ, Vezzoni P, Villa A, Frattini A
Am J Hum Genet 2008 Jul;83(1):64-76. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.06.015. PMID: 18606301Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Cardenas-Morales M, Hernandez-Trujillo VP
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022 Aug;63(1):22-35. Epub 2021 Jul 9 doi: 10.1007/s12016-021-08870-5. PMID: 34241796Free PMC Article
Geraldo AF, Caorsi R, Tortora D, Gandolfo C, Ammendola R, Alessio M, Conti G, Insalaco A, Pastore S, Martino S, Ceccherini I, Signa S, Gattorno M, Rossi A, Severino M
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021 May;42(5):975-979. Epub 2021 Feb 25 doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A7019. PMID: 33632736Free PMC Article
Sozeri B, Ercan G, Dogan OA, Yıldız J, Demir F, Doğanay L
Rheumatol Int 2021 Jan;41(1):227-233. Epub 2019 Sep 20 doi: 10.1007/s00296-019-04444-z. PMID: 31541281
Ben-Ali M, Kechout N, Mekki N, Yang J, Chan KW, Barakat A, Aadam Z, Gamara J, Gargouri L, Largueche B, BelHadj-Hmida N, Nedri A, Ameur HB, Mellouli F, Boukari R, Bejaoui M, Bousfiha A, Ben-Mustapha I, Lau YL, Barbouche MR
J Clin Immunol 2020 Jan;40(1):96-104. Epub 2019 Nov 6 doi: 10.1007/s10875-019-00706-4. PMID: 31696364
Tang P, Upton JEM, Barton-Forbes MA, Salvadori MI, Clynick MP, Price AK, Goobie SL
J Clin Immunol 2018 Jan;38(1):88-95. Epub 2017 Nov 25 doi: 10.1007/s10875-017-0462-y. PMID: 29178053

Therapy

Nihira H, Izawa K, Ito M, Umebayashi H, Okano T, Kajikawa S, Nanishi E, Keino D, Murakami K, Isa-Nishitani M, Shiba T, Honda Y, Hijikata A, Yasu T, Kubota T, Hasegawa Y, Kawashima Y, Nakano N, Takada H, Ohga S, Heike T, Takita J, Ohara O, Takei S, Takahashi M, Kanegane H, Morio T, Iwaki-Egawa S, Sasahara Y, Nishikomori R, Yasumi T
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021 Aug;148(2):550-562. Epub 2021 Jan 30 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.01.018. PMID: 33529688
Sozeri B, Ercan G, Dogan OA, Yıldız J, Demir F, Doğanay L
Rheumatol Int 2021 Jan;41(1):227-233. Epub 2019 Sep 20 doi: 10.1007/s00296-019-04444-z. PMID: 31541281
Cunningham-Rundles C
Immunol Rev 2019 Jan;287(1):145-161. doi: 10.1111/imr.12728. PMID: 30565247Free PMC Article
Bousfiha AA, Jeddane L, El Hafidi N, Benajiba N, Rada N, El Bakkouri J, Kili A, Benmiloud S, Benhsaien I, Faiz I, Maataoui O, Aadam Z, Aglaguel A, Baba LA, Jouhadi Z, Abilkassem R, Bouskraoui M, Hida M, Najib J, Alj HS, Ailal F; Moroccan Society for Primary Immunodeficiencies (MSPID)
J Clin Immunol 2014 May;34(4):459-68. Epub 2014 Mar 12 doi: 10.1007/s10875-014-0005-8. PMID: 24619622
Trakadis YJ, Alfares A, Bodamer OA, Buyukavci M, Christodoulou J, Connor P, Glamuzina E, Gonzalez-Fernandez F, Bibi H, Echenne B, Manoli I, Mitchell J, Nordwall M, Prasad C, Scaglia F, Schiff M, Schrewe B, Touati G, Tchan MC, Varet B, Venditti CP, Zafeiriou D, Rupar CA, Rosenblatt DS, Watkins D, Braverman N
J Inherit Metab Dis 2014 May;37(3):461-73. Epub 2013 Dec 5 doi: 10.1007/s10545-013-9664-5. PMID: 24305960

Prognosis

Castro ACE, Maia R, Batalha S, Freixo JP, Martins C, Neves C, Cordeiro AI, Neves JF
Front Immunol 2022;13:869728. Epub 2022 May 3 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869728. PMID: 35592332Free PMC Article
Cardenas-Morales M, Hernandez-Trujillo VP
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022 Aug;63(1):22-35. Epub 2021 Jul 9 doi: 10.1007/s12016-021-08870-5. PMID: 34241796Free PMC Article
Giżewska M, Durda K, Winter T, Ostrowska I, Ołtarzewski M, Klein J, Blankenstein O, Romanowska H, Krzywińska-Zdeb E, Patalan MF, Bartkowiak E, Szczerba N, Seiberling S, Birkenfeld B, Nauck M, von Bernuth H, Meisel C, Bernatowska EA, Walczak M, Pac M
Front Immunol 2020;11:1948. Epub 2020 Oct 16 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01948. PMID: 33178177Free PMC Article
Cunningham-Rundles C
Immunol Rev 2019 Jan;287(1):145-161. doi: 10.1111/imr.12728. PMID: 30565247Free PMC Article
Lougaris V, Ferrari S, Cattalini M, Soresina A, Plebani A
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2008 Sep;8(5):404-8. doi: 10.1007/s11882-008-0078-7. PMID: 18682105

Clinical prediction guides

Cardenas-Morales M, Hernandez-Trujillo VP
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022 Aug;63(1):22-35. Epub 2021 Jul 9 doi: 10.1007/s12016-021-08870-5. PMID: 34241796Free PMC Article
Giżewska M, Durda K, Winter T, Ostrowska I, Ołtarzewski M, Klein J, Blankenstein O, Romanowska H, Krzywińska-Zdeb E, Patalan MF, Bartkowiak E, Szczerba N, Seiberling S, Birkenfeld B, Nauck M, von Bernuth H, Meisel C, Bernatowska EA, Walczak M, Pac M
Front Immunol 2020;11:1948. Epub 2020 Oct 16 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01948. PMID: 33178177Free PMC Article
Carmona-Rivera C, Khaznadar SS, Shwin KW, Irizarry-Caro JA, O'Neil LJ, Liu Y, Jacobson KA, Ombrello AK, Stone DL, Tsai WL, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I, Kaplan MJ, Grayson PC
Blood 2019 Jul 25;134(4):395-406. Epub 2019 Apr 23 doi: 10.1182/blood.2018892752. PMID: 31015188Free PMC Article
Cagdas D, Gur Cetinkaya P, Karaatmaca B, Esenboga S, Tan C, Yılmaz T, Gümüş E, Barış S, Kuşkonmaz B, Ozgur TT, Bali P, Santisteban I, Orhan D, Yüce A, Cetinkaya D, Boztug K, Hershfield M, Sanal O, Tezcan İ
J Clin Immunol 2018 May;38(4):484-493. Epub 2018 May 9 doi: 10.1007/s10875-018-0496-9. PMID: 29744787
Bousfiha AA, Jeddane L, El Hafidi N, Benajiba N, Rada N, El Bakkouri J, Kili A, Benmiloud S, Benhsaien I, Faiz I, Maataoui O, Aadam Z, Aglaguel A, Baba LA, Jouhadi Z, Abilkassem R, Bouskraoui M, Hida M, Najib J, Alj HS, Ailal F; Moroccan Society for Primary Immunodeficiencies (MSPID)
J Clin Immunol 2014 May;34(4):459-68. Epub 2014 Mar 12 doi: 10.1007/s10875-014-0005-8. PMID: 24619622

Recent systematic reviews

Kiaee F, Zaki-Dizaji M, Hafezi N, Almasi-Hashiani A, Hamedifar H, Sabzevari A, Shirkani A, Zian Z, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Aghamahdi F, Goudarzvand M, Yazdani R, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A, Azizi G
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021;21(4):664-672. doi: 10.2174/1871530320666200613204426. PMID: 32533820

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...