| Quality assessment | No of patients | Effect | Quality | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No of studies | Design | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other considerations | Open nephrostomy | PCN | Retrograde stents | Relative (95% CI) | Absolute | |
| Improvement of renal function (assessed with: proportion with normal renal function 2 weeks after procedure) | ||||||||||||
| 11 | observational study2 | none | none | serious3 | serious4 | none | 60/88 (68%) not reported separately by procedure | - | - | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | ||
| Improvement of renal function (assessed with: proportion with improved renal function 2 weeks after procedure) | ||||||||||||
| 11 | observational study2 | none | none | serious3 | serious4 | none | 21/88 (24%) not reported separately by procedure | - | - | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | ||
| Symptom relief | ||||||||||||
| 0 | No evidence available | |||||||||||
| Treatment-related morbidity | ||||||||||||
| 11 | observational study2 | none | none | serious3 | serious4 | none | 8/14 (57%) | 13/53 (24%) | 5/27 (19%) | - | - | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW |
| Overall survival | ||||||||||||
| 11 | observational study2 | none | none | serious3 | serious4 | none | 3.8 months | 6.5 months | - | - | ⊕○○○ VERY LOW | |
| Subsequent chemotherapy | ||||||||||||
| 0 | No evidence available | |||||||||||
| Subsequent cystectomy | ||||||||||||
| 0 | No evidence available | |||||||||||
| Health-related quality of life | ||||||||||||
| 0 | No evidence available | |||||||||||
case series
Included patients with primary tumour sites other than the bladder
Small sample size limits precision of the outcome
From: 5, Managing locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer
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