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IL10 interleukin 10 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 3586, updated on 12-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
IL10provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
interleukin 10provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:5962
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000136634 MIM:124092; AllianceGenome:HGNC:5962
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
CSIF; TGIF; GVHDS; IL-10; IL10A
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and to a lesser extent by lymphocytes. This cytokine has pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It down-regulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II Ags, and costimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. This cytokine can block NF-kappa B activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Knockout studies in mice suggested the function of this cytokine as an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rheumatoid arthritis. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]
Annotation information
Note: This gene has been reviewed for its involvement in coronavirus biology, and is involved in cytokine storm inflammatory response.
Expression
Broad expression in appendix (RPKM 3.8), lymph node (RPKM 2.5) and 16 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See IL10 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
1q32.1
Exon count:
7
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (206767602..206772494, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (206031803..206036695, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (206940947..206945839, complement)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124904496 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124904495 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1761 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1762 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1763 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1764 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:206860855-206861416 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:206861417-206861978 Neighboring gene MAPK activated protein kinase 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2412 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S14 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 3087 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:206895773-206896486 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2413 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2414 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1765 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1766 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2416 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2415 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2417 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr1:206937123-206937321 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2418 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2419 Neighboring gene CRISPRi-FlowFISH-validated IL10 regulatory element GRCh37_chr1:206945468-206946089 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2420 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2421 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2422 Neighboring gene interleukin 19 Neighboring gene CRISPRi-FlowFISH-validated IL10 regulatory elements GRCh37_chr1:206966528-206967028 and GRCh37_chr1:206966531-206967031 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2423 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2424 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2425 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1767 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105372878 Neighboring gene interleukin 20

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Association of the IL-10 polymorphisms and periodontitis: a meta-analysis. Albuquerque CM, et al. Mol Biol Rep, 2012 Oct. PMID 22763734
  2. IL10 polymorphisms influence neonatal immune responses, atopic dermatitis, and wheeze at age 3 years. Raedler D, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2013 Mar. PMID 23021880
  3. Interleukin-10 promoter polymorphisms and asthma risk: a meta-analysis. Nie W, et al. Cytokine, 2012 Dec. PMID 23017230
  4. Three polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene and the risk of HCV infection: a meta-analysis plus a Chinese Association Study involving 1140 subjects. Li J, et al. Epidemiol Infect, 2013 May. PMID 23013641, Free PMC Article
  5. Association of interleukin-10G microsatellite polymorphism with the susceptibility of ankylosing spondylitis. Mastrovic Radoncic K, et al. Joint Bone Spine, 2013 Jan. PMID 22989497

See all (1000) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Spatial microniches of IL-2 combine with IL-10 to drive lung migratory TH2 cells in response to inhaled allergen.
    Title: Spatial microniches of IL-2 combine with IL-10 to drive lung migratory T(H)2 cells in response to inhaled allergen.
  2. Decreased Hepatic and Serum Levels of IL-10 Concur with Increased Lobular Inflammation in Morbidly Obese Patients.
    Title: Decreased Hepatic and Serum Levels of IL-10 Concur with Increased Lobular Inflammation in Morbidly Obese Patients.
  3. Genetic variants of IL-10 promoter influence susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and disease progression in the Polish population: IL-10 polymorphisms and HIV-1.
    Title: Genetic variants of IL-10 promoter influence susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and disease progression in the Polish population: IL-10 polymorphisms and HIV-1.
  4. IL-10 and IL-18: Key players in liver damage associated with hepatitis A virus infection.
    Title: IL-10 and IL-18: Key players in liver damage associated with hepatitis A virus infection.
  5. Diagnostic utility of sortilin & other biomarkers in the diagnosis of carotid & coronary atherosclerosis in individuals with arterial hypertension.
    Title: Diagnostic utility of sortilin & other biomarkers in the diagnosis of carotid & coronary atherosclerosis in individuals with arterial hypertension.
  6. Seasonal distribution and correlation between IL-10 and IL-13 gene polymorphism and their expression in scabies-infected patients.
    Title: Seasonal distribution and correlation between IL-10 and IL-13 gene polymorphism and their expression in scabies-infected patients.
  7. IL10 promoter variants are associated with gene expression but they are not markers of susceptibility to acute coronary syndrome.
    Title: IL10 promoter variants are associated with gene expression but they are not markers of susceptibility to acute coronary syndrome.
  8. IL-10 A-Allele as a Biomarker for Periodontitis Severity in Bulgarian Patients.
    Title: IL-10 A-Allele as a Biomarker for Periodontitis Severity in Bulgarian Patients.
  9. Evaluation of PD-1 and interleukin-10-receptor expression by T lymphocytes in malignant and benign pleural effusions.
    Title: Evaluation of PD-1 and interleukin-10-receptor expression by T lymphocytes in malignant and benign pleural effusions.
  10. LncRNA NEAT1/miR-211/IL-10 Axis Regulates Inflammation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Acute Myocardial Infarction.
    Title: LncRNA NEAT1/miR-211/IL-10 Axis Regulates Inflammation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (2678)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Graft-versus-host disease, susceptibility to
MedGen: C3280677 OMIM: 614395 GeneReviews: Not available
not available
Rheumatoid arthritis
MedGen: C0003873 OMIM: 180300 GeneReviews: Not available
not available
Susceptibility to HIV infection
MedGen: C1836230 OMIM: 609423 GeneReviews: Not available
not available

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association analysis of autoantibody positivity in type 1 diabetes cases.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association identifies multiple ulcerative colitis susceptibility loci.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association studies identify IL23R-IL12RB2 and IL10 as Behçet's disease susceptibility loci.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis find that over 40 loci affect risk of type 1 diabetes.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study for ulcerative colitis identifies risk loci at 7q22 and 22q13 (IL17REL).
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study identifies variants in the MHC class I, IL10, and IL23R-IL12RB2 regions associated with Behçet's disease.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study of ulcerative colitis identifies three new susceptibility loci, including the HNF4A region.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn's disease susceptibility loci.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Sequence variants in IL10, ARPC2 and multiple other loci contribute to ulcerative colitis susceptibility.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
Clinical samples of cerebrospinal fluid from patients infected with HIV-1 subtypes B and C exhibited upregulated levels of IL7, IL10, CXCL10 (IP10), CCL2 (MCP1), and CCL3 (MIP1A) PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 IIIB Env (gp120) upregulates production of TNF (TNF-a), IL-17A, CCL2 (MCP1), CCL5 (RANTES), IL6, IL10, CXCL8 (IL8), CXCL1 (GRO-a), and CCL1 (I309) in stimulated monocyte derived macrophages PubMed
env Cytokines induced in vitro by HIV-1 gp120 in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) include interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120 upregulates the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in human B cells PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120-expanded CD33+ myeloid derived suppressor cells increase IL-10 production and CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+ regulatory T-cell levels in T-cell cocultures PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120-induced release of IL-10 depends on the activation of Raf-1 along with NF-kappaB p65 in immature dentritic cells PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120 recruits SOCS-3 through IL-10 activation for suppressing IL-6 and IL-6 dependent STAT3 in immature dentritic cells PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120-induced release of IL-10 inhibits STAT3 activation, leading to suppress HIV-1 Nef-induced IL-6 secretion in immature dentritic cells PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120 induces the release of cytokines MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha in immature dentritic cells PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120 induces IL-10 expression in monocyte-derived dendritic cells via a mannose C-type lectin receptor and ERK signaling pathway PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120 cooperates with BAFF and cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 to activate mannose C-type lectin receptors-expressing B cells PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120-induced reduction of IL-12 parallels IL-10 induction and inhibits translocation of CD40 to the surface of monocytes PubMed
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env IL-10-producing B cells in HIV-1 infection are enriched for HIV-1 trimeric Env specificity PubMed
env HIV-infected cells are responsible for higher IL-10 secretion after activation, which serves as one of the reasons for suppressed CD8 responses to HIV-1 Pol and Env PubMed
env Chimeric HIV-1 gp140 - CD40L trimers can target and activate dendritic cells to release IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 PubMed
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env A synthetic peptide corresponding to the immunosuppressive domain (amino acids 574-592) of HIV-1 gp41 inhibits activation of PBMCs and upregulates the expression of IL-10 in peptide-treated PBMCs PubMed
env HIV-1 gp41 induces IL-10 expression in human monocytes and gp41-induced IL-10 expression leads to reduced IL-2 and interferon-gamma production PubMed
env Mutations L576A, Q577A, A578G, R579A, E584A, and D589A in the conserved immunosuppressive domain (amino acids 576-589) of HIV-1 gp41 significantly downregulate IL-10 release from human PBMCs PubMed
env Secretion of IL-10 is upregulated by HIV-1 gp41 in monocytes through activation of cAMP/adenylate cyclase and p70 (S6)-kinase; up-regulation of IL-10 is paralleled by an enhanced expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5 PubMed
env IL-10 inhibits gp41-induced IL-6 production and reduces the expression of IL-6 mRNA PubMed
Nef nef HIV-1 Nef induces the release of cytokines MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha in immature dentritic cells PubMed
nef HIV-1 Nef significantly upregulates IL-10 protein and mRNA expression in monocytes but not in T or B lymphocytes; by contrast, SEA induced IL-10 protein and mRNA expression in T lymphocytes but not in monocytes or B lymphocytes PubMed
nef HIV-1 gp120-induced release of IL-10 inhibits STAT3 activation, leading to suppress HIV-1 Nef-induced IL-6 secretion in immature dentritic cells PubMed
nef HIV-1 Nef inhibits IFN-gamma-induced apoptosis and upregulates TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MIP-3alpha production by Caco-2 cells while downregulating IL-10 production PubMed
nef HIV-1 Nef suppresses immunoglobulin class-switch DNA recombination by inducing IkappaBalpha and SOCS proteins, which block CD154, IL-4 and IL-10 cytokine signaling via NF-kappaB and STAT transcription factors PubMed
nef Herbimycin A significantly blocks HIV-1 Nef-induced production of IL-10 at both the protein and the mRNA level, demonstrating the involvement of a herbimycin A-sensitive Protein tyrosine kinase in the signal transduction pathway for exogenous HIV-1 Nef PubMed
nef Extracellular HIV-1 Nef induces interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA expression in human PBMCs as well as in H9 T and U937 promonocytic human cell lines; release of IL-10 into supernatants from PBMCs stimulated with Nef is dose-dependent PubMed
Pol gag-pol HIV-infected cells are responsible for higher IL-10 secretion after activation, which serves as one of the reasons for suppressed CD8 responses to HIV-1 Pol and Env PubMed
Pr55(Gag) gag Expression of IL-10 is significantly upregulated in mature dendritic cells after transduction with ubiquitinated Gag compared to unubiquitinated Gag constructs PubMed
gag IL-10 production in response to HIV-1 gag stimulation is observed in a subset of CD8(+) T cells with a CD25(-)/ FoxP3(-) phenotype PubMed
gag HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles expressed by recombinant baculoviruses activate human PBMC to release IL-10 in a dose and time dependent manner PubMed
gag Immunosuppressive peptides corresponding to amino acids 218-238 of the Capsid protein of HIV-1 Gag upregulate prostaglandin E2 production and induce IL-10 secretion PubMed
Tat tat HIV-1 Tat activates TLR4, which induces production of TNF and IL10 in human monocytes PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates expression of IL-10 in peripheral blood monocytes, macrophages, and T-cell lines through a protein kinase C dependent mechanism involving NF-kappa B, ERK1, and ERK2 PubMed
tat Primary human Muller glia cells treated with both HIV-1 clade B and clade C Tat upregulate the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins IL-10 and TGF-beta PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat-induced release of TNF-alpha and IL-10 is TLR4-dependent in monocytes PubMed
tat HIV-1 Tat induces production of IL-10 through the activation of PKC beta(II) and delta isozymes in human monocytes and macrophages PubMed
tat Tat-induced IL-10 expression is regulated by p38 MAPK- and CaMK II-activated CREB-1 as well as Sp-1 transcription factors PubMed
tat Calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMK-II)-activated p38 MAPK play a role in extracellular Tat-induced IL-10 expression in primary human monocytes PubMed
tat Ets1- and Sp1-binding sites as specific inducible responsive elements are required for HIV-1 Tat-induced IL-10 promoter activation; Ets-1 is essential for the Tat-induced activation of IL-10 PubMed
tat Tat stimulates NF-kappaB-inducing kinase IKKalpha translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in monocytes, which leads to IKKalpha and CBP/p300 recruitment to the IL-10 promoter and histone H3 phosphorylation (Ser 10) and acetylation (Lys 14) PubMed
tat Tat activates at least three signaling pathways concurrently, including NF-kappaB, PKC, ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases and IKKalpha pathways, to promote production of IL-10 PubMed
tat Monocytes treated with HIV-1 clade C Tat show significant upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, as compared to clade B Tat-treated cultures PubMed
tat The cysteine to serine mutation at position 31 in HIV-1 clade C Tat results in a marked decrease in IL-10 production in monocytes compared with clade B Tat. p38alpha/p38beta and phosphoinositide 3-kinase are crucial to Tat-induced IL-10 production PubMed
tat IL10 and STAT3 are required for HIV-1 Tat-mediated inhibition of autophagy in bystander macrophages/monocytic cells PubMed
tat IL-10 inhibits HIV-1 gene expression in an HIV-1 Tat-dependent manner by downregulating cyclin T1 expression through the induction of proteasome-mediated proteolysis in human macrophages PubMed
Vif vif HIV-1 Vif upregulates the expression of interleukin 10 (IL10) in Vif-expression T cells PubMed
Vpr vpr HIV-1 Vpr upregulates the production of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in dendritic cells PubMed
vpr HIV-1 Vpr modulates expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10), increasing or suppressing IL-10 expression through varying effects on NF-kappa B activity in different cell lines PubMed
capsid gag Immunosuppressive peptides corresponding to HIV-1 Capsid amino acids 218-238 upregulate prostaglandin E2 production and induce IL-10 secretion PubMed
reverse transcriptase gag-pol IL-10 inhibits HIV-1 replication in primary tissue culture-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, decreases HIV-1 reverse transcription upon macrophage infection, and subsequently mediates viral latency in vitro PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC126450, MGC126451

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables cytokine activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables cytokine activity NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables growth factor activity NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables interleukin-10 receptor binding NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein dimerization activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in B cell differentiation NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in B cell proliferation NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to estradiol stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cytoplasmic sequestering of NF-kappaB NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in defense response to bacterium IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in defense response to protozoan IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in endothelial cell apoptotic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in hemopoiesis TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in interleukin-10-mediated signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in liver regeneration IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of B cell proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of T cell proliferation NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of autophagy IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
NOT involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of interferon-alpha production NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-1 production TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-12 production TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-18 production TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-6 production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-6 production TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-8 production TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of type II interferon production IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of cell cycle IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of immunoglobulin production IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage activation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of miRNA transcription IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of plasma cell differentiation IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of signaling receptor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
NOT involved_in regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of gene expression IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of isotype switching NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of response to wounding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in regulation of synapse organization IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to carbon monoxide IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to glucocorticoid IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to inactivity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to insulin IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to molecule of bacterial origin IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in type 2 immune response TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in extracellular space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in extracellular space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
interleukin-10
Names
T-cell growth inhibitory factor
cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_012088.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5001..9893
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_1230

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_000572.3 → NP_000563.1  interleukin-10 isoform 1 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000563.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    BC022315, CD369014, M57627
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1467.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P22301
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6FGS9, Q6FGW4
    Related
    ENSP00000412237.1, ENST00000423557.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00726
    Location:5 → 174
    IL10; Interleukin 10

  2. NM_001382624.1 → NP_001369553.1  interleukin-10 isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL513315
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS91154.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A286YEX3
    Related
    ENSP00000493073.2, ENST00000471071.2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl02501
    Location:1 → 89
    IL10; Interleukin 10

RNA

  1. NR_168466.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL513315

  2. NR_168467.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL513315
    Related
    ENST00000640756.2

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    206767602..206772494 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    206031803..206036695 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P22301.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P22301

Gene LinkOut

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