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VEGFA vascular endothelial growth factor A [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 7422, updated on 14-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol: VEGFAprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: vascular endothelial growth factor Aprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:12680
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000112715 MIM:192240; AllianceGenome:HGNC:12680
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: VPF; VEGF; MVCD1; L-VEGF
Summary: This gene is a member of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. It encodes a heparin-binding protein, which exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer. This growth factor induces proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, and is essential for both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Disruption of this gene in mice resulted in abnormal embryonic blood vessel formation. This gene is upregulated in many known tumors and its expression is correlated with tumor stage and progression. Elevated levels of this protein are found in patients with POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome. Allelic variants of this gene have been associated with microvascular complications of diabetes 1 (MVCD1) and atherosclerosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. There is also evidence for alternative translation initiation from upstream non-AUG (CUG) codons resulting in additional isoforms. A recent study showed that a C-terminally extended isoform is produced by use of an alternative in-frame translation termination codon via a stop codon readthrough mechanism, and that this isoform is antiangiogenic. Expression of some isoforms derived from the AUG start codon is regulated by a small upstream open reading frame, which is located within an internal ribosome entry site. The levels of VEGF are increased during infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), thus promoting inflammation by facilitating recruitment of inflammatory cells, and by increasing the level of angiopoietin II (Ang II), one of two products of the SARS-CoV-2 binding target, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In turn, Ang II facilitates the elevation of VEGF, thus forming a vicious cycle in the release of inflammatory cytokines. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2020]
Annotation information: Note: This gene has been reviewed for its involvement in coronavirus biology, and is involved in cytokine storm inflammatory response.
Expression: Broad expression in thyroid (RPKM 146.9), prostate (RPKM 69.5) and 21 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

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See VEGFA in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: 6p21.1

Exon count:: 9

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	6	NC_000006.12 (43770211..43786487)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	6	NC_060930.1 (43599724..43616002)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	6	NC_000006.11 (43737948..43754224)

Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Possible Role of Netrin-1/Deleted in Colorectal Cancer/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Case-control Study.
Title: Possible Role of Netrin-1/Deleted in Colorectal Cancer/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Case-control Study.
Association of VEGFA polymorphisms with the risk of oesophageal cancer in Punjab, India: A case-control study.
Title: Association of VEGFA polymorphisms with the risk of oesophageal cancer in Punjab, India: A case-control study.
Association of the VEGF 2578C>A Polymorphism With Metabolic Syndrome and Erectile Dysfunction.
Title: Association of the VEGF 2578C>A Polymorphism With Metabolic Syndrome and Erectile Dysfunction.
The VEGFA rs3025039 Variant Is a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer in Mexican Women.
Title: The VEGFA rs3025039 Variant Is a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer in Mexican Women.
The KDR Gene rs2071559 and the VEGF Gene rs6921438 May Be Associated with Diabetic Nephropathy in Caucasians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Title: The KDR Gene rs2071559 and the VEGF Gene rs6921438 May Be Associated with Diabetic Nephropathy in Caucasians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
The VEGF-Hypoxia Signature Is Upregulated in Basal-like Breast Tumors from Women of African Ancestry and Associated with Poor Outcomes in Breast Cancer.
Title: The VEGF-Hypoxia Signature Is Upregulated in Basal-like Breast Tumors from Women of African Ancestry and Associated with Poor Outcomes in Breast Cancer.
The Number of Syncytial Knots and the Intensity of VEGF Expression in the Villi of the Monochorionic Diamniotic Placenta in Selective Fetal Growth Restriction.
Title: The Number of Syncytial Knots and the Intensity of VEGF Expression in the Villi of the Monochorionic Diamniotic Placenta in Selective Fetal Growth Restriction.
VEGF-2578C/A, -460T/C Polymorphisms and Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis.
Title: VEGF-2578C/A, -460T/C Polymorphisms and Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis.
Hepatic-derived BMP9 is involved in hepatic fibrosis-induced kidney injury through inhibition of renal VEGFA.
Title: Hepatic-derived BMP9 is involved in hepatic fibrosis-induced kidney injury through inhibition of renal VEGFA.
Hypoxia-induced interstitial transformation of microvascular endothelial cells by mediating HIF-1alpha/VEGF signaling in systemic sclerosis.
Title: Hypoxia-induced interstitial transformation of microvascular endothelial cells by mediating HIF-1α/VEGF signaling in systemic sclerosis.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (4840)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Microvascular complications of diabetes, susceptibility to, 1 MedGen: C2676832 OMIM: 603933 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs

Copy number response

Description
Copy number response Triplosensitivity No evidence available (Last evaluated 2023-08-23) ClinGen Genome Curation Page Haploinsufficency Little evidence for dosage pathogenicity (Last evaluated 2023-08-23) ClinGen Genome Curation PagePubMed

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
A genome-wide association study for coronary artery disease identifies a novel susceptibility locus in the major histocompatibility complex. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
A meta-analysis of thyroid-related traits reveals novel loci and gender-specific differences in the regulation of thyroid function. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Common variants near FRK/COL10A1 and VEGFA are associated with advanced age-related macular degeneration. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide association analyses identify 18 new loci associated with serum urate concentrations. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide trans-ancestry meta-analysis provides insight into the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes susceptibility. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Identification of cis- and trans-acting genetic variants explaining up to half the variation in circulating vascular endothelial growth factor levels. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data and large-scale replication identifies additional susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
New loci associated with kidney function and chronic kidney disease. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Novel loci for adiponectin levels and their influence on type 2 diabetes and metabolic traits: a multi-ethnic meta-analysis of 45,891 individuals. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Seven new loci associated with age-related macular degeneration. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Sex-stratified genome-wide association studies including 270,000 individuals show sexual dimorphism in genetic loci for anthropometric traits. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	HIV-1 gp120 modulates expression of the cytokines IL1beta, IL3, IL6, IL10, IL13, IL15, IFNbeta2A, IFNgamma, IFNomega, TNFalpha, VEGF, VEGF B, and LIF in PBMCs and MDMs	PubMed
Nef	nef	HIV-1 Nef synergizes with IL-6 to enhance vascular tube formation, cell proliferation, VEGF expression, and phosphorylated AKT activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells	PubMed
	nef	HIV-1 Nef increases expression of both VEGF and its transcriptional regulator, hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha (HIF-2alpha), in a Src kinase-and Stat3-dependent manner	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat increases permeability of human glomerular endothelial cells by activating Rho-A, pMLC, and c-Src pathways, which involves VEGF-A or FGF-2.	PubMed
	tat	VEGF can compete with HIV-1 Tat chemotactic activity in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) cells, indicating Tat may cooperate with VEGF in activation of VEGFR-2 on KS precursor spindle and endothelial cells and contribute to the aggressiveness of AIDS-KS lesions	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates VEGFA (VEGF) expression in HUVEC and EA.hy926 cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates members of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family (PDGFA, VEGFA,VEGFB, VEGFC) in mammary epithelial cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat enhances vIL-6-induced angiogenesis and tumorigenesis of fibroblasts and human endothelial cells, which correlates with upregulation of CD31, CD34, SMA, VEGF, b-FGF, and cyclin D1 expression	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat enhances Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus vIL-6-induced cell proliferation, cellular transformation, vascular tube formation, and VEGF production in tumor cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat inhibits the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to endothelial cells by downregulating the expression of VEGF-induced endothelial markers such as Flt-1, KDR and vWF	PubMed
	tat	The chemokine like region of HIV-1 Tat (amino acids 24-51) induces the release of angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an effect linked to Tat induced angiogenesis	PubMed
Vpu	vpu	HIV-1 Vpu-expressing U937 monocytes coculture with LX2 stellate cells to upregulate expression of profibrogenic markers COL-1, PCT, SMA-1, VEGF, and MMP2, which is inhibited by MIF treatment	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Vegfa (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:471318

RH46691 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:68409

RH16204 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:45656

STS-M32977 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:34914

VEGF_1127 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:277860

VEGF_V308 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:277860

SHGC-32834 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:41068

Vegf (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:144751

SHGC-142757 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:171637

GDB:580706 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:157849

PMC25276P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272284

PMC25276P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272285

D6S2083 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:9645

ha2182 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:515503

D2Wox60 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:240057

SHGC-78839 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:95700

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables chemoattractant activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables chemoattractant activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables chemoattractant activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables cytokine activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables cytokine activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables extracellular matrix binding	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
enables fibronectin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables growth factor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables growth factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables growth factor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables heparin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables heparin binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables neuropilin binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein homodimerization activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables receptor ligand activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables receptor ligand activity	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in artery morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in basophil chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in bone trabecula formation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in camera-type eye morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cardiac muscle cell development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cell maturation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cell-cell adhesion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to hypoxia	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to hypoxia	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular stress response to acid chemical	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in commissural neuron axon guidance	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in coronary artery morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in coronary vein morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in dopaminergic neuron differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in endothelial cell chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in endothelial cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in epithelial cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in epithelial cell maturation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in eye photoreceptor cell development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in heart morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in in utero embryonic development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in induction of positive chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in induction of positive chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in induction of positive chemotaxis	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in kidney development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in lactation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in lung development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in lung vasculature development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in lymph vessel morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in lymphangiogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in macrophage differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in mammary gland alveolus development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in mesoderm development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in monocyte differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in motor neuron migration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of adherens junction organization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of fat cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of miRNA transcription	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in nervous system development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in neuroblast proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in outflow tract morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in ovarian follicle development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive chemotaxis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive chemotaxis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell adhesion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell division	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell proliferation by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis by VEGF-activated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial tube formation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte migration	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of lymphangiogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of positive chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to early endosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of receptor internalization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of trophoblast cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular permeability	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in post-embryonic camera-type eye development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in primitive erythrocyte differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of cell shape	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to hypoxia	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in response to hypoxia	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in retinal ganglion cell axon guidance	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in sprouting angiogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in surfactant homeostasis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in tube formation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in vascular wound healing	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in vasculogenesis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in vasodilation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of VEGF-A complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
located_in adherens junction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cell surface	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular matrix	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in platelet alpha granule lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in secretory granule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form

Names: vascular endothelial growth factor A121; vascular endothelial growth factor A165; vascular permeability factor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_008732.1 RefSeqGene

Range

4996..21272

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001025366.3 → NP_001020537.2 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform a

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741, S85192

Consensus CDS

CCDS34457.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

J3KPA4

Related

ENSP00000361125.5, ENST00000372055.9

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:364 → 412

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001025367.3 → NP_001020538.2 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform c

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AJ010438, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS47433.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0A0MSI7

Related

ENSP00000389864.4, ENST00000413642.8

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:341 → 389

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001025368.3 → NP_001020539.2 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform d

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AB021221, AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS34458.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

H3BLW8

Related

ENSP00000361137.4, ENST00000372067.8

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:318 → 371

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001025369.3 → NP_001020540.2 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform e

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001020540.2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AF091352, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS47435.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0A0MSH7

Related

ENSP00000388663.3, ENST00000417285.7

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:318 → 353

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001025370.3 → NP_001020541.2 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform f

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AF214570, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS47434.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0A0MRQ4

Related

ENSP00000361134.5, ENST00000372064.9

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001033756.3 → NP_001028928.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform g

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001028928.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AF430806, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS47432.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0A0MTB2

Related

ENSP00000421561.2, ENST00000482630.7

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:318 → 365

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171622.2 → NP_001165093.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform h

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741, DQ229900

Consensus CDS

CCDS55007.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0A0MR43

Related

ENSP00000317598.7, ENST00000324450.11

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 311

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001171623.2 → NP_001165094.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform i precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165094.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL136131

Consensus CDS

CCDS55010.1

Related

ENSP00000430479.1, ENST00000523873.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:184 → 232

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171624.2 → NP_001165095.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform j precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165095.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL136131

Consensus CDS

CCDS55009.1

Related

ENSP00000428321.1, ENST00000520948.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:167 → 215

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171625.2 → NP_001165096.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform k precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165096.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL136131

Consensus CDS

CCDS55008.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000430829.1, ENST00000518689.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:161 → 209

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171626.2 → NP_001165097.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform VEGF-A precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165097.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL136131

Consensus CDS

CCDS55012.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0Y0IMM4

Related

ENSP00000429643.1, ENST00000523950.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:143 → 191

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171627.2 → NP_001165098.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform m precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165098.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL136131

Consensus CDS

CCDS55011.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000429008.1, ENST00000523125.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:143 → 173

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171628.2 → NP_001165099.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform n precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165099.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL136131

Consensus CDS

CCDS55014.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0Y0J542

Related

ENSP00000361148.4, ENST00000372077.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001171629.2 → NP_001165100.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform o precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165100.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL136131

Consensus CDS

CCDS55013.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000430002.1, ENST00000518824.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:143 → 185

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171630.2 → NP_001165101.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform p precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165101.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL136131

Consensus CDS

CCDS55015.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0Y0J542

Related

ENSP00000409911.2, ENST00000457104.6

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 131

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001204384.2 → NP_001191313.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform q precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001191313.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL136131

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001204385.2 → NP_001191314.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform r

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL136131, BC065522, M27281

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

H0YBZ0

Related

ENSP00000430594.1, ENST00000519767.5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001287044.2 → NP_001273973.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform s

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001273973.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL136131, BC058855, BC065522, BX442364, HY066915

Consensus CDS

CCDS69125.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A2A2V4

Related

ENSP00000230480.6, ENST00000230480.10

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:22 → 104

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:115 → 163

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001317010.2 → NP_001303939.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform VEGF-Ax precursor

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL136131

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:143 → 191

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_003376.6 → NP_003367.4 vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form isoform b

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003367.4

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741, M27281

Consensus CDS

CCDS4907.2

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

B5BU86, H0Y2S8, H0Y407, H0Y414, H0Y462, H0Y8N2, H3BLW7, O60720, O75875, P15692, Q074Z4, Q16889, Q5UB46, Q6P0P5, Q96KJ0, Q96L82, Q96NW5, Q9H1W8, Q9H1W9, Q9UH58, Q9UL23

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0A0MSI7

Related

ENSP00000500082.3, ENST00000672860.3

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:347 → 395

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain