IFNG interferon gamma [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: IFNGprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: interferon gammaprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:5438
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000111537 MIM:147570; AllianceGenome:HGNC:5438
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: IFG; IFI; IMD69
Summary: This gene encodes a soluble cytokine that is a member of the type II interferon class. The encoded protein is secreted by cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The active protein is a homodimer that binds to the interferon gamma receptor which triggers a cellular response to viral and microbial infections. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to viral, bacterial and parasitic infections and to several autoimmune diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]
Annotation information: Note: This gene has been reviewed for its involvement in coronavirus biology, and is involved in cytokine storm inflammatory response.
Expression: Biased expression in bone marrow (RPKM 3.6), lymph node (RPKM 3.2) and 8 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 12q15

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	12	NC_000012.12 (68154768..68159740, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	12	NC_060936.1 (68134280..68139252, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	12	NC_000012.11 (68548548..68553520, complement)

Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

IFN-gamma induces acute graft-versus-host disease by promoting HMGB1-mediated nuclear-to-cytoplasm translocation and autophagic degradation of p53.
Title: IFN-γ induces acute graft-versus-host disease by promoting HMGB1-mediated nuclear-to-cytoplasm translocation and autophagic degradation of p53.
Interleukin-37 exacerbates liver inflammation and promotes IFN-gamma production in NK cells.
Title: Interleukin-37 exacerbates liver inflammation and promotes IFN-γ production in NK cells.
Cholesterol promotes IFNG mRNA expression in CD4[+] effector/memory cells by SGK1 activation.
Title: Cholesterol promotes IFNG mRNA expression in CD4(+) effector/memory cells by SGK1 activation.
IL-17 and IFN-gamma-producing Respiratory Tissue-Resident Memory CD4 T Cells Persist for Decades in Adults Immunized as Children With Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccines.
Title: IL-17 and IFN-γ-producing Respiratory Tissue-Resident Memory CD4 T Cells Persist for Decades in Adults Immunized as Children With Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccines.
Recurrent ocular toxoplasmosis is associated with interferon-gamma deficiency possibly due to genetic origin.
Title: Recurrent ocular toxoplasmosis is associated with interferon-gamma deficiency possibly due to genetic origin.
FLI1 promotes IFN-gamma-induced kynurenine production to impair anti-tumor immunity.
Title: FLI1 promotes IFN-γ-induced kynurenine production to impair anti-tumor immunity.
The effect of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in inducing interferon-gamma in breast cancer patients.
Title: The effect of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in inducing interferon-gamma in breast cancer patients.
Comparative single-cell analysis reveals IFN-gamma as a driver of respiratory sequelae after acute COVID-19.
Title: Comparative single-cell analysis reveals IFN-γ as a driver of respiratory sequelae after acute COVID-19.
Interferon-gamma induces combined pyroptotic angiopathy and APOL1 expression in human kidney disease.
Title: Interferon-γ induces combined pyroptotic angiopathy and APOL1 expression in human kidney disease.
AIM2 inflammasome regulated by the IFN-gamma/JAK2/STAT1 pathway promotes activation and pyroptosis of monocytes in Coronary Artery Disease.
Title: AIM2 inflammasome regulated by the IFN-γ/JAK2/STAT1 pathway promotes activation and pyroptosis of monocytes in Coronary Artery Disease.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (1669)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Aplastic anemia MedGen: C0002874 OMIM: 609135 GeneReviews: Not available	not available
Hepatitis C virus, susceptibility to MedGen: C1835407 OMIM: 609532 GeneReviews: Not available	not available
Immunodeficiency 69 MedGen: C5436498 OMIM: 618963 GeneReviews: Not available	not available
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, susceptibility to MedGen: C1834752 OMIM: 607948 GeneReviews: Not available	not available
Susceptibility to HIV infection MedGen: C1836230 OMIM: 609423 GeneReviews: Not available	not available
Tuberous sclerosis 2 MedGen: C1860707 OMIM: 613254 GeneReviews: Tuberous Sclerosis Complex	not available

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association identifies multiple ulcerative colitis susceptibility loci. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Ulcerative colitis-risk loci on chromosomes 1p36 and 12q15 found by genome-wide association study. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
HIV/tuberculosis coinfection upregulates IFNG expression in pleural fluid mononuclear cells (PFMC) isolated from antiretroviral-naive coinfected patients (relative to patients infected with only tuberculosis)	PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Asp	asp	A pool of ASP-overlapping peptides enhance IFN-gamma responses of T cells in HIV-1 seropositive patients	PubMed
	asp	Antisense reading frame-derived cryptic epitopes from the env gene induce upregulation of IFNG immune-response on the surface of CD8+ T-cells	PubMed
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	Cytokines induced in vitro by HIV-1 gp120 in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) include interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta	PubMed
	env	Treatment of cells with HIV-1 gp120 induces the release of IFN gamma	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 Env gp120 peptides can stimulate cytoplasmic IFN-gamma response in CD8+ T cells in the presence of dendritic cells	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120-induced IL-23 upregulated SOCS1 protein in T cells, which inhibits IFN-gamma production and killing of CEF-pulsed monocytes	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120-treated myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) downregulates IL-2 and IFN-gamma production compared to LPS-treated mDC	PubMed
	env	Frequent IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha NK cell responses to HIV-1 gp120 are dominant during chronic HIV-1 infection	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120-expanded CD33+ myeloid derived suppressor cells inhibits IFN-gamma release from autologous T cells	PubMed
	env	IL-11 inhibits HIV-1 gp120-mediated downregulation of IFN-gamma in human NK cells	PubMed
	env	NK cells that respond with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha cytokine production to HIV-1 gp120 peptides have reduced CD16 and NKp46 expression and have increased levels of CD57	PubMed
	env	Gp120/IFN-gamma-mediated cytotoxicity of human brain micro vascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) involves the p38 MAPK signaling pathway	PubMed
	env	Peptides of gp120 representing binding regions for CD4 and chemokine receptors, as well as CD4 antibody, inhibit gp120/IFN-gamma-mediated cytotoxicity of human brain micro vascular endothelial cells (HBMECs)	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 in the presence of IFN-gamma induces cytotoxicity of human brain micro vascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) derived from children but not from adults	PubMed
	env	Interferon-alpha- and interferon-gamma-induced sialoadhesin-expressing monocytes adsorb HIV-1 through interaction with the sialic acid residues on the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120	PubMed
	env	In the presence of HIV-1 gp120, stimulation through the CD28 pathway partially restores IL-2 and IFN-gamma production by T cell lines in response to anti-CD3 antibodies	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 inhibits natural killer (NK) cell natural cytotoxicity and this inhibition also affects the production of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma); the inhibitory activity of gp120 can be prevented by coincubation with VIP	PubMed
	env	Induction of the receptor activator of cytokine nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is mediated by HIV-1 gp120; the gp120-mediated induction of RANKL is blocked by interferon-gamma	PubMed
	env	Secretion of IL-12 is found in macrophages primed with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and subsequently treated with gp120	PubMed
	env	Secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies is inhibited by HIV-1 gp120 in T cell lines	PubMed
	env	Sulfate containing galactolipids such as sulfatides on responder cells may be part of the HIV-1 gp120-membrane complex that initiates the induction of interferon (IFN)	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp41 or gp120 synthetic peptides induce the production of interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); in contrast, gp41 or gp120 synthetic peptides are able to depress the production of interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-2	PubMed
	env	IFN-gamma and gp120-induced activation of Na+/H+ exchange appears to be mediated through activation of tyrosine kinase (TK), because TK inhibitors block the action of IFN-gamma and gp120	PubMed
	env	Treatment of human colonic epithelial cells with recombinant gamma-interferon (rlFN gamma) induces a dose-dependent inhibition of Galactosyl ceramide (GalCer) expression on the cell surface; GalCer is a receptor for HIV-1 gp120	PubMed
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	env	HIV-1 Env induces release of IFN-gamma from CAR-transduced T cells	PubMed
	env	Pretreatment of CD4+ cells with HIV-1 gp160 significantly reduces PHA-induced secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-2 but augments IL-4 production	PubMed
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41	env	A synthetic peptide corresponding to the immunosuppressive domain (amino acids 574-592) of HIV-1 gp41 inhibits activation of PBMCs and upregulates the expression of IFN-gamma in peptide-treated PBMCs	PubMed
	env	PWM, LPS, IFN-gamma and IL-6 can increase HIV-1 gp41 binding to human B cells	PubMed
	env	IFN-gamma production in mononuclear leukocytes from an HIV-1-seropositive man is induced by different concentrations of a recombinant HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp41 and gp120 fragment	PubMed
Nef	nef	HIV-1 Nef-stimulated CD8+ T cells upregulate mRNAs expression for IFN-gamma, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1alphaP, MIP-1beta, TNFRSF9, XCL1, and GM-CSF compared to unstimulated cells	PubMed
	nef	The proportion of HIV-1 Nef-specific CD8+ T cells endowed with TNF-alpha+, IFN-gamma+, CD107A+, and MIP-1beta+ is significantly higher in patients with the lowest virus set point than those with the highest virus set point	PubMed
	nef	Coincubation of HIV-1 Nef and IFN-gamma downregulates COX-2 expression compared to untreated, Nef- or IFN-gamma-treated Caco-2 cells	PubMed
	nef	HIV-1 Nef inhibits IFN-gamma-induced apoptosis and upregulates TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MIP-3alpha production by Caco-2 cells while downregulating IL-10 production	PubMed
	nef	Exogenous Nef taken up by Caco-2 cells increases intestinal epithelial permeability, inhibits the IFN-gamma-induced reduction of transepitelial resistance and decreases the tight junction proteins occludin and ZO1 expression	PubMed
	nef	HIV-1 Nef has super antigen properties in that it binds to MHC class II antigens and activates T cells, causing T cell proliferation and production of the T helper 1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma	PubMed
	nef	Upon T cell activation, HIV-1 Nef expression downregulates both IL-2 and IFN-gamma production in a dose-dependent manner	PubMed
	nef	PBMC proliferation induced by exogenous HIV-1 Nef is associated with upregulation of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)	PubMed
Pr55(Gag)	gag	Treatment of PBMCs taken from treatment-naive HIV chronically infected individuals with a HIV-1 Gag peptide pool in the presence of ADAM10 inhibitor upregulates the levels of Tim-3 and IFN-gamma in CD8+ T cells	PubMed
	gag	HIV-1-exposed monocyte-derived dendritic cells induce weak secretion of IFN-gamma and low amounts of intracellular Gag expression in the presence of SAMHD1	PubMed
	gag	HIV-1 Gag peptides can stimulate cytoplasmic IFN-gamma response in CD8 T cells	PubMed
	gag	MVA-gag induces a significant release of cytokines such as IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES by the infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells in comparison with uninfected cells	PubMed
	gag	The proportion of HIV-1 Gag-specific CD8+ T cells endowed with TNF-alpha+, IFN-gamma+, CD107A+, and MIP-1beta+ is significantly higher in patients with the lowest virus set point than those with the highest virus set point	PubMed
	gag	IFN-gamma-stimulated expression of APOL1 in differentiated U937 monocytes contributes to inhibition of HIV-1 Gag/p24 expression	PubMed
	gag	Gag-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma secreting responses correlate with the rate of disease progression as defined by the annual rate of CD4 decline in patients	PubMed
	gag	HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles expressed by recombinant baculoviruses activate human PBMC to release IFN-gamma in a dose and time dependent manner	PubMed
	gag	HIV-1 Gag virus-like particle-induced human monocyte-derived dendritic cell maturation activates autologous NK cells, leading to their proliferation, and production of interferon-gamma	PubMed
	gag	HIV-1 Gag p24-specific CD4+ T cells producing IL-2 and IFN-gamma are increased post vaccination	PubMed
	gag	Interferon-gamma can counteract the inhibitory effect of peptides based on the Capsid protein of HIV-1 Gag on antibody response to Sheep Red Cell Antigen	PubMed
	gag	The Capsid (p24) protein of HIV-1 Gag inhibits interferon gamma induced increases in HLA-DR and cytochrome B heavy chain mRNA levels in the human monocyte-like cell line THP1	PubMed
	gag	The Matrix protein of HIV-1 Gag enhances the cytokine-induced production of interferon gamma	PubMed
	gag	The Matrix protein of HIV-1 Gag and interferon gamma are structurally similar and have been found to bind in vitro	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates the production of cytokines, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-alpha1, and IFN-gamma, in human monocyte derived-dendritic cells and in primary human Muller glia	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat-induced inhibition of IFN-gamma release is regulated by the interaction of Tat-RGD domain with alpha5beta1 and alpha5beta3 integrins in CD8+ T cells	PubMed
	tat	The contact between peptide-stimulated CD8+ T-lymphocytes and immobilized HIV-1 Tat inhibits the release of IFN-gamma	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates IL-2 and IFN-gamma production in stimulated CD8+ T cells	PubMed
	tat	JAK/STAT pathway plays a major role in Tat/IFN-gamma-mediated CXCL10 induction in macrophages	PubMed
	tat	The synergistic upregulation of CXCL10 expression by HIV-1 Tat and IFN-gamma is inhibited by mu-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist beta-funaltrexamine in human astrocytes	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat-induced upregulation of IDO production requires the activity of IFN-gamma signaling pathway such as JAK and PI3K in human monocyte derived-dendritic cells	PubMed
	tat	Tat and IFN-gamma synergistically induce the expression of CXCL10, which is inhibited by MEK1/2 inhibitor and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat increases CXCL10 expression in IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha stimulated human astrocytes via NADPH oxidase	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat suppresses IFN-gamma-induced LC3B protein expression and autophagosome formation through Tat-mediated suppression of STAT1 phosphorylation	PubMed
	tat	Pretreatment of THP-1 cells with HIV-1 Tat/T-bet co-cultures with CD4+T cells, resulting in increased levels of IFN-gamma	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat impairs the IFNgamma-receptor signaling pathway, in primary human monocytes, at the level of STAT1 activation via Tat-dependent induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 (SOCS-2) activity	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat in combination with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha increases CXCL10 mRNA and protein in human astrocytes through the activation of the p38, Jnk, and Akt signaling pathways and their downstream transcription factors, NF-kappaB and STAT-1alpha	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat acts as a co-stimulatory molecule that affects viral replication by modulating host immune response through induction of T-bet expression and IFN-gamma secretion	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat interacts with IFN-gamma, which upregulates the Tat receptor VEGFR2/KDR, to produce cytotoxicity in human brain micro vascular endothelial cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates IFN-gamma expression by uninfected mononuclear cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat inhibits IFN-gamma release by NK cells upon contact with dendritic cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat delivered by CyaA from Bordetella pertussis induces a Th1-polarized immune response and HIV-Tat-specific gamma interferon-producing CD8(+) T cells are generated after vaccination with CyaA-E5-Tat in a CD4(+) T-cell-independent manner	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat synergizes with IFN-gamma to induce iNOS activity in purified rat microglial cultures	PubMed
	tat	IFN-gamma interacts with HIV-1 Tat to induce endothelial cells to proliferate and invade the extracellular matrix by upregulating the receptors for Tat (integrins alpha-5-beta-1 and alpha-v-beta-3), suggesting Tat and IFN-gamma play major roles in AIDS-KS	PubMed
	tat	IFN-gamma inhibits the transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter by HIV-1 Tat	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat inhibits IFN-gamma induced iNOS activity in a murine macrophage cell line	PubMed
	tat	IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma synergize with HIV-1 Tat to promote in nude mice the development of angioproliferative Kaposi's sarcoma-like lesions	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat enhances translation of the interferon-inducible enzymes 2-5A synthetase and dsRNA-dependent protein kinase, suggesting interaction of Tat with interferons during HIV-1 replication	PubMed
Vif	vif	HIV-1 Vif downregulates the expression of interferon-gamma (IFNG) in Vif-expression T cells	PubMed
Vpr	vpr	Exogenous Vpr compromises subsequent pDC/NK interplay through inhibition of IFN-gamma production by NK cells	PubMed
	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr inhibits interferon gamma secretion in infected T cells	PubMed
	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr impairs NK cell function through cytokine dysregulation, including diminshed expression of CD107a, reduced production of IFN-gamma, differential regulation of IL-12 and TGF-beta, and activation of the Smad3 signalling pathway	PubMed
	vpr	Expression of HIV-1 Vpr in U937 cells upregulates gamma interferon expression	PubMed
capsid	gag	Peptides derived from HIV-1 p24 induces release of IFN-gamma in monocyte-derived DCs and macrophages	PubMed
	gag	PLA-p24- or p24-loaded human monocyte-derived dendritic cells enhance HIV-1-specific T-cell response by increased levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 in comparison with PLA-loaded cells alone	PubMed
	gag	HIV-1 CA-stimulated CD8+ T cells upregulate mRNAs expression for IFN-gamma, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1alphaP, MIP-1beta, TNFRSF9, XCL1, and GM-CSF compared to unstimulated cells	PubMed
	gag	IFN-gamma-stimulated expression of APOL1 in differentiated U937 monocytes contributes to inhibition of HIV-1 Gag/p24 expression	PubMed
	gag	IFN-gamma and/or IL-2 responses characterized by secreting cells contribute more to the HIV-1 CA specific response in acute infection early disease (AIED) than in chronically infected individuals	PubMed
	gag	Pretreating dendritic cells with INF-gamma overcomes the HIV-1 CA-mediated decreased levels of presentation of ovalbumin to a SIINFEKL-specific CD8(+) T-cell hybridoma	PubMed
	gag	HIV-1 Capsid (p24) inhibits interferon gamma induced increases in HLA-DR and cytochrome B heavy chain mRNA levels in the human monocyte-like cell line THP1	PubMed
	gag	Interferon-gamma can counteract the inhibitory effect of HIV-1 Capsid based peptides on antibody response to Sheep Red Cell Antigen	PubMed
matrix	gag	HIV-1 Matrix enhances the cytokine-induced production of interferon gamma	PubMed
	gag	HIV-1 Matrix and interferon gamma are structurally similar and have been found to bind in vitro	PubMed
reverse transcriptase	gag-pol	Up-regulation of LMP7 by IFN-gamma enhances proteasomal degradation of HIV-1 RT and presentation of the VIYQYMDDL epitope derived from HIV-1 RT	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

PMC22712P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272150

IFNG (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:266297

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:482383

IFNG (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:480107

GDB:624768 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:158355

GDB:624777 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:158356

PMC135596P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270757

GDB:181602 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:155309

PMC154023P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271283

GDB:207646 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:156120

PMC199428P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271866

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cytokine activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables cytokine activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables type II interferon receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in adaptive immune response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within apoptotic process	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in astrocyte activation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in astrocyte activation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway via STAT	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to virus	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to virus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in humoral immune response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in macrophage activation involved in immune response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in macrophage differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in microglial cell activation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in microglial cell activation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of amyloid-beta clearance	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-17 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of tau-protein kinase activity	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in neuroinflammatory response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of autophagy	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of cellular respiration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of chemokine production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of core promoter binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of exosomal secretion	HDA more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	HDA more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of glycolytic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-12 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-23 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of killing of cells of another organism	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of neurogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of phagocytosis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein deacetylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane	HDA more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of signaling receptor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of insulin secretion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of metabolic process	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to virus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: interferon gamma

Names: IFN-gamma; immune interferon

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.