U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Links from Protein

    • Showing Current items.

    DLG2 discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 1740, updated on 11-Apr-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    DLG2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:2901
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000150672 MIM:603583; AllianceGenome:HGNC:2901
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    PSD93; PSD-93; PPP1R58; chapsyn-110
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with a related family member that may interact at postsynaptic sites to form a multimeric scaffold for the clustering of receptors, ion channels, and associated signaling proteins. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Additional transcript variants have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]
    Expression
    Biased expression in brain (RPKM 9.7), adrenal (RPKM 2.3) and 5 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    Location:
    11q14.1
    Exon count:
    47
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 11 NC_000011.10 (83455012..85628373, complement)
    RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 11 NC_060935.1 (83391509..85565050, complement)
    105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 11 NC_000011.9 (83166055..85339417, complement)

    Chromosome 11 - NC_000011.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105369420 Neighboring gene CCDC90B antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:83036792-83037292 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:83149453-83149953 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:83152064-83152757 Neighboring gene CYCS pseudogene 28 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107984425 Neighboring gene DLG2 intron CAGE-defined low expression enhancer Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:83298443-83299026 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:83299027-83299610 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3821 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5354 Neighboring gene DLG2 antisense RNA 2 Neighboring gene suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 pseudogene Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902729 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5355 Neighboring gene lactate dehydrogenase A like 6D, pseudogene Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr11:83769989-83771188 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:83868528-83869174 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5356 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5357 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105369416 Neighboring gene heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 pseudogene 72 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:84384719-84385229 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902727 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:84505287-84505788 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L9 pseudogene 22 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5358 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5359 Neighboring gene heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C pseudogene 6 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5360 Neighboring gene REST corepressor 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:85059939-85060760 Neighboring gene DExH-box helicase 9 pseudogene Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:85181858-85182577 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:85183649-85184545 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 9338 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:85250835-85251373 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:85248765-85249264 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 1292, pseudogene Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr11:85317081-85318280 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:85319023-85319982 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak1373 silencer Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak1374 silencer Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:85338434-85338942 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5362 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5363 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5364 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5365 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5366 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5367 Neighboring gene transmembrane protein 126B Neighboring gene transmembrane protein 126A

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    Copy number response

    Description
    Copy number response
    Triplosensitivity

    No evidence available (Last evaluated 2018-11-28)

    ClinGen Genome Curation Page
    Haploinsufficency

    Little evidence for dosage pathogenicity (Last evaluated 2018-11-28)

    ClinGen Genome Curation PagePubMed

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    A genome-wide association study identifies protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs).
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    A genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for Wilms tumor.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    A genome-wide association study of northwestern Europeans involves the C-type natriuretic peptide signaling pathway in the etiology of human height variation.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome wide association scan for chronic periodontitis implicates novel locus.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome wide association study (GWAS) of Chagas cardiomyopathy in Trypanosoma cruzi seropositive subjects.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study identifies novel loci associated with circulating phospho- and sphingolipid concentrations.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association with bone mass and geometry in the Framingham Heart Study.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide genotyping in Parkinson's disease and neurologically normal controls: first stage analysis and public release of data.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association data identifies six new risk loci for Parkinson's disease.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Novel genetic loci identified for the pathophysiology of childhood obesity in the Hispanic population.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Clone Names

    • FLJ37266, MGC131811, DKFZp781D1854, DKFZp781E0954

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables guanylate kinase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables ionotropic glutamate receptor binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables kinase binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein kinase binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in GDP metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in GMP metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in anterograde axonal protein transport ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in cell-cell adhesion IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in cellular response to potassium ion ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in chemical synaptic transmission IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in embryo development IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in receptor clustering IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in receptor localization to synapse IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in retrograde axonal protein transport ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in adherens junction NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in axon cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    is_active_in basolateral plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in juxtaparanode region of axon ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    located_in membrane ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    is_active_in neuromuscular junction IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    is_active_in neuron projection IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in perikaryon IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in postsynaptic density ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    is_active_in postsynaptic density membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    part_of voltage-gated potassium channel complex ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    disks large homolog 2
    Names
    channel-associated protein of synapse-110
    channel-associated protein of synapses, 110kDa
    discs, large homolog 2, chapsyn-110
    postsynaptic density protein PSD-93
    protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 58

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_021375.2 RefSeqGene

      Range
      6192..2178363
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001142699.3NP_001136171.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC023118, AP000639, AP000642, AP000773, AP001791, AP002370, AP002751, AP002797, AP002803, AP002878, AP003026, AP003093, AP003305
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS44690.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A3B3ITF1
      Related
      ENSP00000365272.2, ENST00000376104.7
      Conserved Domains (7) summary
      cd12032
      Location:639712
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      smart00072
      Location:795962
      GuKc; Guanylate kinase homologues
      cd00992
      Location:524602
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:784962
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:383450
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:120202
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
      cl02672
      Location:125
      L27; L27 domain
    2. NM_001142700.2NP_001136172.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 3

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001136172.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses a distinct 5' UTR and coding region, lacks three coding exons, and includes an alternate coding exon, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (3) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus and lacks an internal segment, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK126776, AP003026, BM678399
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS44691.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F8VYC1
      Related
      ENSP00000402275.2, ENST00000418306.6
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12032
      Location:431504
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      smart00072
      Location:569736
      GuKc; Guanylate kinase homologues
      cd00992
      Location:316394
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:558736
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:227290
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
    3. NM_001142702.2NP_001136174.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 4

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001136174.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses a distinct 5' UTR, lacks an in-frame portion of the 5' coding region, and uses an alternate splice pattern in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (4) has a shorter N-terminus and differs at an internal segment, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AP000773, AP002370, AP003026
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS44692.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q15700
      Related
      ENSP00000393049.2, ENST00000426717.6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00625
      Location:143321
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      cl17036
      Location:1689
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily
    4. NM_001206769.2NP_001193698.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 5

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region, and initiates translation at an alternate start codon compared to variant 1. Isoform 5 has a distinct N-terminus and is compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC023118, AP000773, AP002370, AP002751, AP002797, AP003026, AP003305
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS55782.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
      Related
      ENSP00000280241.8, ENST00000280241.12
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      cd12032
      Location:573646
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      smart00072
      Location:729896
      GuKc; Guanylate kinase homologues
      cd00992
      Location:458536
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:718896
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:317384
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:45136
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    5. NM_001300983.1NP_001287912.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 6

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001287912.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (6) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (6) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK295094, AP003026
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS73357.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264, B7Z2T4
      Related
      ENSP00000435849.1, ENST00000532653.5
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      cd12032
      Location:534607
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      smart00072
      Location:672839
      GuKc; Guanylate kinase homologues
      cd00992
      Location:419497
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:661839
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:278345
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:1497
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    6. NM_001351274.2NP_001338203.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 7

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC023118, AP000642, AP000773, AP001791, AP002370, AP002751, AP002797, AP002803, AP002878, AP003026, AP003093, AP003305
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS91566.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A3B3ITF1, A0A994J819
      Related
      ENSP00000516284.1, ENST00000706226.1
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      cd12032
      Location:651724
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      cd00992
      Location:536614
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:778956
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam09058
      Location:462
      L27_1; L27_1
      pfam10600
      Location:395462
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:132214
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    7. NM_001351275.2NP_001338204.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 8

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC023118, AP000642, AP000773, AP001791, AP002370, AP002751, AP002797, AP002803, AP002878, AP003026, AP003093, AP003305
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS91565.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A3B3ITF1, A0A994J7P1
      Related
      ENSP00000516288.1, ENST00000706233.1
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      cd12032
      Location:650723
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      cd00992
      Location:535613
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:777955
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam09058
      Location:462
      L27_1; L27_1
      pfam10600
      Location:394461
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:132213
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    8. NM_001351276.2NP_001338205.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 9

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC023118, AP000773, AP001791, AP001825, AP002370, AP002751, AP002797, AP003026, AP003305
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12032
      Location:553626
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      cd00992
      Location:438516
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:680858
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:297364
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:34116
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    9. NM_001364.3NP_001355.2  disks large homolog 2 isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001355.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses a distinct 5' UTR and coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2), also known as alpha, has a shorter and distinct N-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AB209252, AP003026, BM678399, CR749820, DA778233
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS41696.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B7WNY8, F8W9V6, Q15700, Q59G57, Q5H9Q4, Q68CQ8, Q6ZTA8
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
      Related
      ENSP00000381355.2, ENST00000398309.6
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      cd12032
      Location:534607
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      smart00072
      Location:690857
      GuKc; Guanylate kinase homologues
      cd00992
      Location:419497
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:679857
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:278345
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:1497
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    10. NM_001377966.1NP_001364895.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 10

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC023118, AP000773, AP002370, AP002751, AP002797, AP003026, AP003305
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12032
      Location:573646
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      cd00992
      Location:458536
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:718890
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:317384
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:45136
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    11. NM_001377967.1NP_001364896.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 11

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC023118, AP000773, AP002370, AP002751, AP002797, AP003026, AP003305
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS91558.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A994J822, B7Z264
      Related
      ENSP00000516291.1, ENST00000706243.1
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12032
      Location:573646
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      cd00992
      Location:458536
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:700878
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:317384
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:45136
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    12. NM_001377968.1NP_001364897.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 12

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC023118, AP000773, AP000857, AP001791, AP002370, AP002751, AP002797, AP003026, AP003305
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS91563.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264, E9PN83
      Related
      ENSP00000432894.1, ENST00000524982.5
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12032
      Location:534607
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      cd00992
      Location:419497
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:675853
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:278345
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:1497
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    13. NM_001377970.1NP_001364899.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 13

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC023118, AP000773, AP002370, AP002751, AP002797, AP003026, AP003305
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS91557.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A994J5T6, B7Z264
      Related
      ENSP00000516282.1, ENST00000706204.1
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12032
      Location:521594
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      cd00992
      Location:406484
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:666844
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:317380
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:45136
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    14. NM_001377971.1NP_001364900.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 14

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC023118, AP000773, AP002370, AP002751, AP002797, AP003026, AP003305
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12032
      Location:521594
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      cd00992
      Location:406484
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:648826
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:317380
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:45136
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    15. NM_001377972.1NP_001364901.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 15

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC023118, AP000773, AP002370, AP002751, AP002797, AP003026, AP003305
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F8VYC1
      Related
      ENSP00000381353.4, ENST00000330014.11
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12032
      Location:501574
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      cd00992
      Location:386464
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:628806
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:245312
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:3664
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    16. NM_001377973.1NP_001364902.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 16

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC023118, AP000773, AP001791, AP002370, AP002751, AP002797, AP003026, AP003305
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS91559.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A5F9ZH92, B7Z264
      Related
      ENSP00000500169.2, ENST00000527466.2
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12032
      Location:492565
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      cd00992
      Location:377455
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:619797
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:236303
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:2455
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    17. NM_001377974.1NP_001364903.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 17

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC023118, AP000773, AP002370, AP002751, AP002797, AP003026, AP003305
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F8VYC1
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd12032
      Location:449522
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      cd00992
      Location:334412
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:576754
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:245308
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:3664
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    18. NM_001377975.1NP_001364904.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 18

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC023118, AP000773, AP002370, AP002751, AP002797, AP003305
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS91556.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A994J570, A0A994J7N9
      Related
      ENSP00000516287.1, ENST00000706232.1
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd00992
      Location:386464
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam10600
      Location:245312
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:3664
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    19. NM_001377976.1NP_001364905.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 19

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AP000773, AP002370, AP003026
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00625
      Location:172350
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      cl17036
      Location:45118
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily
    20. NM_001377977.1NP_001364906.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 20

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AP000773, AP002370, AP003026
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00625
      Location:170348
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      cl17036
      Location:43116
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily
    21. NM_001377978.1NP_001364907.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 21

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AP000773, AP002370, AP003026
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00625
      Location:161339
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      cl17036
      Location:1689
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily
    22. NM_001377979.1NP_001364908.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 22

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AP000773, AP002370, AP003026
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS91555.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5MCC5, B7Z640
      Related
      ENSP00000385113.3, ENST00000404783.7
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00625
      Location:157335
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      cl17036
      Location:1689
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily
    23. NM_001377980.1NP_001364909.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 23

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AP000773, AP002370, AP003026
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00625
      Location:143315
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      cl17036
      Location:1689
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily
    24. NM_001377981.1NP_001364910.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 24

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AP000773, AP002370, AP003026
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00625
      Location:126304
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      cl17036
      Location:1689
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily
    25. NM_001377982.1NP_001364911.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 25

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AP000773, AP002370, AP003026
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00625
      Location:84262
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
    26. NM_001377983.1NP_001364912.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform 26

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC023118, AP002797, AP003305
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd00992
      Location:137221
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam10608
      Location:45136
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK

    RNA

    1. NR_165353.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC023118, AP000773, AP002370, AP002751, AP002797, AP003026, AP003305
      Related
      ENST00000706203.1

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000011.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      83455012..85628373 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_017017256.3XP_016872745.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A3B3ITF1
    2. XM_047426494.1XP_047282450.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X1

    3. XM_017017257.3XP_016872746.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X4

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A3B3ITF1
    4. XM_047426498.1XP_047282454.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X8

    5. XM_047426496.1XP_047282452.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X5

    6. XM_047426495.1XP_047282451.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X3

    7. XM_047426499.1XP_047282455.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X9

    8. XM_047426497.1XP_047282453.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X6

    9. XM_017017255.3XP_016872744.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A3B3ITF1
    10. XM_017017258.2XP_016872747.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X7

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A3B3ITF1
    11. XM_017017285.2XP_016872774.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X31

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
    12. XM_017017276.2XP_016872765.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X22

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
    13. XM_017017269.2XP_016872758.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X18

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
    14. XM_017017280.3XP_016872769.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X29

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
    15. XM_017017279.2XP_016872768.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X27

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264, E9PIJ9
      Related
      ENSP00000435809.2, ENST00000527088.2
    16. XM_017017270.2XP_016872759.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X19

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
    17. XM_011544782.3XP_011543084.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X14

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A3B3ITF1
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      cd12032
      Location:555628
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      smart00072
      Location:711878
      GuKc; Guanylate kinase homologues
      cd00992
      Location:440518
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:700878
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:299366
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:36118
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    18. XM_017017263.2XP_016872752.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X11

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A3B3ITF1
    19. XM_017017268.2XP_016872757.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X17

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
    20. XM_017017267.2XP_016872756.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X16

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      cd12032
      Location:534607
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      smart00072
      Location:704871
      GuKc; Guanylate kinase homologues
      cd00992
      Location:419497
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:693871
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:278345
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:1497
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    21. XM_017017265.3XP_016872754.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X13

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd12032
      Location:553626
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      smart00072
      Location:723890
      GuKc; Guanylate kinase homologues
      cd00992
      Location:438516
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
    22. XM_017017281.3XP_016872770.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X28

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A994J587, B7Z264
      Related
      ENSP00000516312.1, ENST00000706266.1
    23. XM_047426502.1XP_047282458.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X24

    24. XM_017017271.3XP_016872760.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X20

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A994J7Q5, B7Z264
      Related
      ENSP00000516313.1, ENST00000706267.1
    25. XM_047426500.1XP_047282456.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X15

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A3B3ISW2
      Related
      ENSP00000497475.1, ENST00000648622.1
    26. XM_017017264.3XP_016872753.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X12

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
    27. XM_047426505.1XP_047282461.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X32

    28. XM_047426503.1XP_047282459.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X26

    29. XM_017017277.2XP_016872766.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X23

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
    30. XM_017017273.3XP_016872762.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X21

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
    31. XM_017017262.2XP_016872751.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X10

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
    32. XM_005273810.5XP_005273867.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X25

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E9PIW2
      Related
      ENSP00000433848.1, ENST00000531015.5
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      cd12032
      Location:501574
      SH3_DLG2; Src Homology 3 domain of Disks Large homolog 2
      smart00072
      Location:657824
      GuKc; Guanylate kinase homologues
      cd00992
      Location:386464
      PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
      pfam00625
      Location:646824
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      pfam10600
      Location:245312
      PDZ_assoc; PDZ-associated domain of NMDA receptors
      pfam10608
      Location:3664
      MAGUK_N_PEST; Polyubiquitination (PEST) N-terminal domain of MAGUK
    33. XM_017017284.2XP_016872773.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X30

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B7Z264
    34. XM_017017287.2XP_016872776.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X34

    35. XM_017017289.2XP_016872778.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X35

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00625
      Location:202380
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      cl17036
      Location:43116
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily
    36. XM_017017290.2XP_016872779.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X36

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00625
      Location:175353
      Guanylate_kin; Guanylate kinase
      cl17036
      Location:1689
      SH3; Src Homology 3 domain superfamily
    37. XM_047426506.1XP_047282462.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X33

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060935.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      83391509..85565050 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054367893.1XP_054223868.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X2

    2. XM_054367891.1XP_054223866.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X1

    3. XM_054367895.1XP_054223870.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X4

    4. XM_054367899.1XP_054223874.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X8

    5. XM_054367896.1XP_054223871.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X5

    6. XM_054367894.1XP_054223869.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X3

    7. XM_054367900.1XP_054223875.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X9

    8. XM_054367897.1XP_054223872.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X6

    9. XM_054367892.1XP_054223867.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X2

    10. XM_054367898.1XP_054223873.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X7

    11. XM_054367920.1XP_054223895.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X29

    12. XM_054367918.1XP_054223893.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X27

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E9PIJ9
    13. XM_054367902.1XP_054223877.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X11

    14. XM_054367922.1XP_054223897.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X31

    15. XM_054367909.1XP_054223884.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X18

    16. XM_054367910.1XP_054223885.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X19

    17. XM_054367905.1XP_054223880.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X14

    18. XM_054367913.1XP_054223888.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X22

    19. XM_054367908.1XP_054223883.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X17

    20. XM_054367907.1XP_054223882.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X16

    21. XM_054367904.1XP_054223879.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X13

    22. XM_054367919.1XP_054223894.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X28

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A994J587
    23. XM_054367915.1XP_054223890.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X24

    24. XM_054367911.1XP_054223886.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X20

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A994J7Q5
    25. XM_054367906.1XP_054223881.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X15

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A3B3ISW2
    26. XM_054367903.1XP_054223878.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X12

    27. XM_054367923.1XP_054223898.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X32

    28. XM_054367917.1XP_054223892.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X26

    29. XM_054367914.1XP_054223889.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X23

    30. XM_054367912.1XP_054223887.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X21

    31. XM_054367901.1XP_054223876.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X10

    32. XM_054367916.1XP_054223891.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X25

    33. XM_054367921.1XP_054223896.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X30

    34. XM_054367924.1XP_054223899.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X37

    35. XM_054367926.1XP_054223901.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X34

    36. XM_054367927.1XP_054223902.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X35

    37. XM_054367925.1XP_054223900.1  disks large homolog 2 isoform X33

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_175892.3: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_175892.3: This RefSeq record was removed by NCBI staff. Contact info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov for further information.