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Series GSE257549 Query DataSets for GSE257549
Status Public on Apr 17, 2024
Title A male-essential microRNA is key for avian sex chromosome dosage compensation
Organism Gallus gallus
Experiment type Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing
Summary Birds have a sex chromosome system in which females are heterogametic (ZW) and males are homogametic (ZZ). The differentiation of avian sex chromosomes from ancestral autosomes entailed the loss of most genes from the W chromosome during evolution. However, to what extent mechanisms evolved that counterbalance the consequences of this extensive gene dosage reduction in female birds has remained unclear. Here we report functional in vivo and evolutionary analyses of a Z-chromosome-linked microRNA (miR-2954) with strongly male-biased expression that was previously proposed to play a key role in sex chromosome dosage compensation1. We knocked out miR-2954 in chicken, which resulted in early embryonic lethality of homozygous knockout males, likely due to the highly specific upregulation of dosage-sensitive Z-linked target genes of miR-2954. Our evolutionary gene expression analyses further revealed that these dosage-sensitive target genes have become upregulated on the single Z in female birds during evolution. Altogether, our work unveils a scenario where evolutionary pressures on females following W gene loss led to the evolution of transcriptional upregulation of dosage-sensitive genes on the Z not only in female but also in male birds. The resulting overabundance of transcripts in males resulting from the combined activity of two dosage-sensitive Z gene copies was in turn offset by the emergence of a highly targeted miR-2954-mediated transcript degradation mechanism during avian evolution. Our findings demonstrate that birds have evolved a unique sex chromosome dosage compensation system in which a microRNA has become essential for male survival.
 
Overall design We knocked out a microRNA (miR-2954) in the chickens and studied the developmental phenotypes
Web link https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.06.581755v1
 
Contributor(s) Fallahshahroudi A, McGrew MJ, Kaessmann H
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BioProject PRJNA1079296
Submission date Feb 25, 2024
Last update date Apr 17, 2024
Contact name Amir Fallahshahroudi
E-mail(s) amirshahroudi@gmail.com
Phone 0763043306
Organization name Uppsala University
Department IMBIM
Lab Amir Fallahshahroudi
Street address Gropgränd 4
City Uppsala
ZIP/Postal code 75310
Country Sweden
 
Platforms (2)
GPL27748 NextSeq 550 (Gallus gallus)
GPL32831 NextSeq 2000 (Gallus gallus)
Samples (96)
GSM8108004 23_body_Male_HZ_E5
GSM8108005 23_head_Male_HZ_E5
GSM8108006 23_heart_Male_HZ_E5

Download family Format
SOFT formatted family file(s) SOFTHelp
MINiML formatted family file(s) MINiMLHelp
Series Matrix File(s) TXTHelp

Supplementary file Size Download File type/resource
GSE257549_Mir_2954_longRNA_DeSeq2.rds.gz 54.3 Mb (ftp)(http) RDS
GSE257549_Mir_2954_microRNA_DeSeq2.rds.gz 43.5 Kb (ftp)(http) RDS
SRA Run SelectorHelp
Raw data are available in SRA

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