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    IFNA1 interferon alpha 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 3439, updated on 28-Oct-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    IFNA1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    interferon alpha 1provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:5417
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000197919 MIM:147660; AllianceGenome:HGNC:5417
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    IFL; IFN; IFNA@; IFNA13; leIF D; IFN-ALPHA; IFN-alphaD
    Summary
    This gene is a member of the alpha interferon gene cluster on chromosome 9. The encoded cytokine is a member of the type I interferon family that is produced in response to viral infection as a key part of the innate immune response with potent antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory properties. This cytokine, like other type I interferons, binds a plasma membrane receptor made of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 that is ubiquitously expressed, and thus is able to act on virtually all body cells. This cytokine is upregulated in preeclamptic placentas and is thought to be a mediator of preeclampsia. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]
    Annotation information
    Note: This gene has been reviewed for its involvement in coronavirus biology, and is involved in cytokine storm inflammatory response.
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    Genomic context

    See IFNA1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    9p21.3
    Exon count:
    1
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 9 NC_000009.12 (21440439..21441316)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 9 NC_060933.1 (21454606..21455483)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 9 NC_000009.11 (21440438..21441315)

    Chromosome 9 - NC_000009.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene interferon alpha 8 Neighboring gene interferon omega 1 pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene MIR31 host gene Neighboring gene interferon omega 1 pseudogene 19 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 19807 Neighboring gene interferon epsilon

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    HIV-1 interactions

    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    HIV-1 replication is restricted by IFNA1/IFNA2 independent of MX2 (MxB) in THP-1, HT-1080, and U87 cells PubMed

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Env-dependent HIV-1 MA (p17)/LAMP1 co-localization (lysosomal targeting) in monocyte-derived macrophages is induced by exogenous IFNA1 treatment PubMed
    env Cytokines induced in vitro by HIV-1 gp120 in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) include interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta PubMed
    env The low mannose-level gp120 induces higher activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells by upregulation of IFN-alpha, PD-L1, CD40, CCR7, CD80, and CD86 than the high mannose-level gp120 does PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120-mediated inhibition of IFN-alpha production involves CD4 and BDCA2 in plasmacytoid dendritic cells PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 inhibits CpG-A-induced secretion of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta proteins in PBMCs PubMed
    env TLR-9-induced IFN-alpha production is inhibited by both monomeric and trimeric HIV-1 gp120 in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) PubMed
    env Interferon-alpha- and interferon-gamma-induced sialoadhesin-expressing monocytes adsorb HIV-1 through interaction with the sialic acid residues on the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 PubMed
    env Treatment of cells with IFN reduces HIV-1 gp120 incorporation, as well as HIV-1 envelope-mediated incorporation of ICAM-1, into virions resulting in viruses that exhibit a significantly decreased ability to become bound to CD4+ target cells PubMed
    env Interaction of HIV-1 gp120 with cell-associated CD4 leads to the induction of IFN alpha; preincubation of cells with anti-CD4 or the presence of soluble CD4 during incubation inhibits IFN alpha induction PubMed
    env Sulfate containing galactolipids such as sulfatides on responder cells may be part of the HIV-1 gp120-membrane complex that initiates the induction of interferon (IFN) PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp41 or gp120 synthetic peptides induce the production of interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); in contrast, gp41 or gp120 synthetic peptides are able to depress the production of interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-2 PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120-specific cell mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) is enhanced by IL-2 or the combination of IL-2 and IFN-alpha PubMed
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env HIV-1 Vpr inhibits an antiviral IFNA1 (interferon, alpha 1) response in MDM cells that restricts HIV-1 Env/gp160 and Gag/pr55 production PubMed
    env IFN-alpha treated effector clones (gp120+CD8+ HPB-ALL/HIV) simultaneously downregulate CD8 expression and upregulate expression of both major histocompatibility antigen complex class I (MHC-I) and HIV-1 gp120/gp160 PubMed
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env Env-dependent HIV-1 MA (p17)/LAMP1 co-localization (lysosomal targeting) in monocyte-derived macrophages is abrogated by exogenous IFNA1 treatment PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp41 selectively enhances MHC class I, ICAM-1, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-omega expression in H9 cells PubMed
    Nef nef HIV-1 Nef disrupts IFNA1 signalling during HIV-1 infection of primary CD4+ T cells and CEM cells PubMed
    nef HIV-1 isolate R3A Nef mutants G2, WL58, RR106, LL165, E160NNSLL165, and DD175 fail to induce release of IFN-alpha in pDCs, suggesting that the Nef function responsible for CD4 downregulation is crucial for pDCs stimulation by R3A PubMed
    nef A highly pathogenic HIV-1 isolate R3A induces release of IFN-alpha in a Nef-dependent manner in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) PubMed
    Pr55(Gag) gag HIV-1 Vpr inhibits an antiviral IFNA1 (interferon, alpha 1) response in MDM cells that restricts HIV-1 Env/gp160 and Gag/pr55 production PubMed
    gag Interferon alpha inhibits the release of HIV-1 Gag/capsid proteins from infected cells by inducing changes in posttranslational modifications of Gag proteins PubMed
    gag HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles induce production of IFN-alpha in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, which leads to upregulated expression of APOBEC3G/F and increased incorporation of APOBEC3G/F into nascent virions PubMed
    Tat tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates the production of cytokines, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-alpha1, and IFN-gamma, in human monocyte derived-dendritic cells PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat inhibits CpG-A-induced secretion of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta proteins in PBMCs PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates IFN-alpha secretion by macrophages, an effect that augments MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta secretion and induces immunosuppression of uninfected T cells PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat enhances translation of the interferon-inducible enzymes 2-5A synthetase and dsRNA-dependent protein kinase, suggesting interaction of Tat with interferons during HIV-1 replication PubMed
    tat IFN treatment significantly reduces HIV-1 mRNA levels from a Tat defective provirus, suggesting Tat can overcome the inhibitory effects of IFN on HIV-1 replication PubMed
    Vif vif IFN-alpha enhances APOBEC3G expression and inhibits suppression of APOBEC3G by HIV-1 Vif PubMed
    Vpr vpr HIV-1 Vpr-mediated reduction of HIV-1 MA (p17)/LAMP1 co-localization (lysosomal targeting) in monocyte-derived macrophages is abrogated by exogenous IFNA1 treatment in the presence of Env PubMed
    vpr HIV-1 Vpr inhibits an antiviral IFNA1 (interferon, alpha 1) response in MDM cells that restricts HIV-1 Env/gp160 and Gag/pr55 production PubMed
    vpr Synthetic HIV-1 Vpr substantially inhibits type I IFN-alpha production by pDCs without inducing apoptosis in pDCs PubMed
    vpr Exposure of rat or human cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons to Vpr rapidly increases cytosolic Ca2+ and expression of IFN-alpha and MX-1 are also increased in vpr-transgenic animals compared to control animals PubMed
    Vpu vpu Vpu-mediated suppresion of IFNA (IFN-1) production requires engagement and activation of the LILRA4 (ILT7) plasmacytoid dendritic cell receptor by BST2 PubMed
    vpu Vpu attenuates IFNA (IFN-1) production upon sensing of HIV-infected cells by plasmacytoid dendritic cells PubMed
    vpu Vpu modulates IFNA (IFN-1) production by PBMCs following contact with HIV-infected CD4+ T cells PubMed
    vpu HIV-1 Vpu disrupts IFNA1 signalling during HIV-1 infection of primary CD4+ T cells and CEM cells PubMed
    vpu IFN-alpha and IFN-beta increase SCYL2 expression and the increase induces PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of Vpu, suggesting that SCYL2 affects Vpu function through a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism PubMed
    vpu IFNalpha/ribavirin treatment in vivo induces APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F, and BST-2 expression and results in hyper-mutations in viral genome and A11G/S61A mutations in HIV-1 Vpu. These two mutations in Vpu enhance the interaction between BST-2 and Vpu PubMed
    vpu IFN alpha induces retention of viral particles on the surface of fibroblasts, T cells, or primary lymphocytes infected with HIV-1 lacking the Vpu protein. HIV-1 Vpu counteracts the IFNalpha-induced retention of virus particles PubMed
    capsid gag HIV-1 CA mutants N74D and P90A fail to bind to CPSF6 and cyclophilins (Nup358 and CypA), respectively, and trigger innate sensors, leading to nuclear translocation of NFkappaB and IRF3, production of type 1 IFN and induction of an antiviral state PubMed
    gag Cells treatment with IFN-alpha and IFN-beta inhibit HIV-1 replication with decreased levels of p24 in a dose-dependent manner PubMed
    matrix gag HIV-1 MA (p17)/LAMP-1 colocalization (lysosomal targeting) in monocyte-derived macrophages is induced by exogenous IFNA1 treatment, but ONLY in presence of Env PubMed
    reverse transcriptase gag-pol Infection of IFN-alpha-treated primary macrophages, dendritic cells, and activated PBLs by HIV-2 and SIVmac is inhibited more potently than HIV-1 and the differential inhibition by IFN-alpha is caused by defects of vDNA accumulation by RT activity PubMed
    gag-pol IFN-alpha interferes with the initiation of HIV-1 reverse transcription resulting in a significant reduction in the relative levels of HIV-1 proviral DNA PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Clone Names

    • MGC138207, MGC138505, MGC138507

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables cytokine activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables type I interferon receptor binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in B cell activation involved in immune response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in T cell activation involved in immune response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in adaptive immune response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in cellular response to virus NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in defense response to virus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in humoral immune response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in natural killer cell activation involved in immune response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in response to exogenous dsRNA IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    interferon alpha-1/13
    Names
    IFN-alpha-1/13
    interferon alpha 1b
    interferon alpha-D
    interferon-alpha1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_024013.3NP_076918.1  interferon alpha-1/13 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_076918.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL353732, V00537, V00538
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS6508.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      D4Q9M8, P01562, Q14605, Q2M1L8, Q52LB8, Q5VYQ2, Q7M4Q1, Q8WZ68, Q9UMJ3
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      G9JKF1, L0N195
      Related
      ENSP00000276927.1, ENST00000276927.3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00143
      Location:26185
      Interferon; Interferon alpha/beta domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000009.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      21440439..21441316
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060933.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      21454606..21455483
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)