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Galactorrhea not associated with childbirth

MedGen UID:
115998
Concept ID:
C0235660
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Nonpuerperal galactorrhea
SNOMED CT: Galactorrhea not associated with childbirth (78622004); Galactorrhea due to non-obstetric cause (198115002); Milk from non-pregnant breast (78622004); Inappropriate lactation (78622004); Inappropriate production of milk (78622004)
 
HPO: HP:0100829

Definition

Spontaneous flow of milk from the breast, unassociated with childbirth or nursing. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVGalactorrhea not associated with childbirth

Conditions with this feature

Galactorrhea
MedGen UID:
777088
Concept ID:
C3665358
Disease or Syndrome
Excessive secretion of breast milk.
Somatotroph adenoma
MedGen UID:
1618709
Concept ID:
C4538355
Neoplastic Process
AIP familial isolated pituitary adenoma (AIP-FIPA) is defined as the presence of an AIP germline pathogenic variant in an individual with a pituitary adenoma (regardless of family history). The most commonly occurring pituitary adenomas in this disorder are growth hormone-secreting adenomas (somatotropinoma), followed by prolactin-secreting adenomas (prolactinoma), growth hormone and prolactin co-secreting adenomas (somatomammotropinoma), and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA). Rarely TSH-secreting adenomas (thyrotropinomas) are observed. Clinical findings result from excess hormone secretion, lack of hormone secretion, and/or mass effects (e.g., headaches, visual field loss). Within the same family, pituitary adenomas can be of the same or different type. Age of onset in AIP-FIPA is usually in the second or third decade.
Familial hyperprolactinemia
MedGen UID:
1645317
Concept ID:
C4706551
Disease or Syndrome
A rare genetic endocrine disorder characterized by persistently high prolactin serum levels (not associated with gestation, puerperium, drug intake or pituitary tumor) in multiple affected family members. Clinically it manifests with signs usually observed in hyperprolactinemia, which are: secondary medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)-negative amenorrhea and galactorrhea in female patients, and hypogonadism and decreased testosterone level-driven sexual disfunction in male patients. Oligomenorrhea and primary infertility have also been reported in some female patients.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Tritos NA, Miller KK
JAMA 2023 Apr 25;329(16):1386-1398. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.5444. PMID: 37097352
Klein DA, Paradise SL, Reeder RM
Am Fam Physician 2019 Jul 1;100(1):39-48. PMID: 31259490
Molitch ME
JAMA 2017 Feb 7;317(5):516-524. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.19699. PMID: 28170483

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Klein DA, Paradise SL, Reeder RM
Am Fam Physician 2019 Jul 1;100(1):39-48. PMID: 31259490
Salzman B, Collins E, Hersh L
Am Fam Physician 2019 Apr 15;99(8):505-514. PMID: 30990294
Chanson P, Raverot G, Castinetti F, Cortet-Rudelli C, Galland F, Salenave S; French Endocrinology Society non-functioning pituitary adenoma work-group
Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2015 Jul;76(3):239-47. Epub 2015 Jun 10 doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2015.04.002. PMID: 26072284
Salzman B, Fleegle S, Tully AS
Am Fam Physician 2012 Aug 15;86(4):343-9. PMID: 22963023
Bostwick JR, Guthrie SK, Ellingrod VL
Pharmacotherapy 2009 Jan;29(1):64-73. doi: 10.1592/phco.29.1.64. PMID: 19113797

Diagnosis

Wildemberg LE, Fialho C, Gadelha MR
Presse Med 2021 Dec;50(4):104080. Epub 2021 Oct 21 doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104080. PMID: 34687915
Klein DA, Paradise SL, Reeder RM
Am Fam Physician 2019 Jul 1;100(1):39-48. PMID: 31259490
Capozzi A, Scambia G, Pontecorvi A, Lello S
Gynecol Endocrinol 2015 Jul;31(7):506-10. Epub 2015 Jul 6 doi: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1017810. PMID: 26291795
Lake MG, Krook LS, Cruz SV
Am Fam Physician 2013 Sep 1;88(5):319-27. PMID: 24010395
Nelson LM
N Engl J Med 2009 Feb 5;360(6):606-14. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp0808697. PMID: 19196677Free PMC Article

Therapy

Bruehlman RD, Winters S, McKittrick C
Am Fam Physician 2022 Dec;106(6):695-700. PMID: 36521467
Wildemberg LE, Fialho C, Gadelha MR
Presse Med 2021 Dec;50(4):104080. Epub 2021 Oct 21 doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104080. PMID: 34687915
Cazorla-Ortiz G, Obregón-Guitérrez N, Rozas-Garcia MR, Goberna-Tricas J
J Hum Lact 2020 Nov;36(4):739-749. Epub 2020 Sep 14 doi: 10.1177/0890334420950321. PMID: 32926655
Prabhakar VK, Davis JR
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2008 Apr;22(2):341-53. Epub 2007 Sep 21 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2007.08.002. PMID: 17889620
Colao A, Annunziato L, Lombardi G
Ann Med 1998 Oct;30(5):452-9. doi: 10.3109/07853899809002486. PMID: 9814831

Prognosis

Chanson P, Wolf P
Presse Med 2021 Dec;50(4):104086. Epub 2021 Oct 28 doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104086. PMID: 34718111
Lopes MBS
Pituitary 2020 Feb;23(1):3-8. doi: 10.1007/s11102-019-00997-1. PMID: 31641970
Tang R, Kelly BN, Smith BL, Lanahan CR, Brown CL, Gadd MA, Hughes KS, Oseni TO, McGugin C, Specht MC, Coopey SB
Clin Breast Cancer 2019 Aug;19(4):e534-e539. Epub 2019 Mar 15 doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2019.03.003. PMID: 31053520
Huang W, Molitch ME
Am Fam Physician 2012 Jun 1;85(11):1073-80. PMID: 22962879
Colao A, Annunziato L, Lombardi G
Ann Med 1998 Oct;30(5):452-9. doi: 10.3109/07853899809002486. PMID: 9814831

Clinical prediction guides

Tritos NA, Miller KK
JAMA 2023 Apr 25;329(16):1386-1398. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.5444. PMID: 37097352
Chanson P, Wolf P
Presse Med 2021 Dec;50(4):104086. Epub 2021 Oct 28 doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104086. PMID: 34718111
Molitch ME
JAMA 2017 Feb 7;317(5):516-524. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.19699. PMID: 28170483
Lake MG, Krook LS, Cruz SV
Am Fam Physician 2013 Sep 1;88(5):319-27. PMID: 24010395
Nabarro JD
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1987 Apr;26(4):481-512. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1987.tb00805.x. PMID: 3308190

Recent systematic reviews

Trinchieri A, Perletti G, Magri V, Stamatiou K, Trinchieri M, Montanari E
Arch Ital Urol Androl 2021 Dec 21;93(4):489-496. doi: 10.4081/aiua.2021.4.489. PMID: 34933535
Fachi MM, de Deus Bueno L, de Oliveira DC, da Silva LL, Bonetti AF
J Clin Pharm Ther 2021 Dec;46(6):1549-1556. Epub 2021 Jun 16 doi: 10.1111/jcpt.13460. PMID: 34137053
Sharma SC, Basu NN
Ann Plast Surg 2021 Jan;86(1):115-120. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000002290. PMID: 32079808
Wang AT, Mullan RJ, Lane MA, Hazem A, Prasad C, Gathaiya NW, Fernández-Balsells MM, Bagatto A, Coto-Yglesias F, Carey J, Elraiyah TA, Erwin PJ, Gandhi GY, Montori VM, Murad MH
Syst Rev 2012 Jul 24;1:33. doi: 10.1186/2046-4053-1-33. PMID: 22828169Free PMC Article
Katz N, Mazer NA
Clin J Pain 2009 Feb;25(2):170-5. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181850df6. PMID: 19333165

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