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Reduced blood urea nitrogen

MedGen UID:
1670959
Concept ID:
C4732780
Finding
Synonym: Reduced BUN
 
HPO: HP:0031969

Definition

An abnormally low concentration of urea nitrogen in the blood. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

Conditions with this feature

Nephropathic cystinosis
MedGen UID:
419735
Concept ID:
C2931187
Disease or Syndrome
Cystinosis comprises three allelic phenotypes: Nephropathic cystinosis in untreated children is characterized by renal Fanconi syndrome, poor growth, hypophosphatemic/calcipenic rickets, impaired glomerular function resulting in complete glomerular failure, and accumulation of cystine in almost all cells, leading to cellular dysfunction with tissue and organ impairment. The typical untreated child has short stature, rickets, and photophobia. Failure to thrive is generally noticed after approximately age six months; signs of renal tubular Fanconi syndrome (polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, and acidosis) appear as early as age six months; corneal crystals can be present before age one year and are always present after age 16 months. Prior to the use of renal transplantation and cystine-depleting therapy, the life span in nephropathic cystinosis was no longer than ten years. With these interventions, affected individuals can survive at least into the mid-forties or fifties with satisfactory quality of life. Intermediate cystinosis is characterized by all the typical manifestations of nephropathic cystinosis, but onset is at a later age. Renal glomerular failure occurs in all untreated affected individuals, usually between ages 15 and 25 years. The non-nephropathic (ocular) form of cystinosis is characterized clinically only by photophobia resulting from corneal cystine crystal accumulation.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Zhang G, Liu W, Li J, Wang D, Duan J, Luo H
Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Feb 5;100(5):e23968. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000023968. PMID: 33592850Free PMC Article
Peacock WF, Cannon CM, Singer AJ, Hiestand BC
Crit Care 2015 Nov 10;19:399. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-1114-3. PMID: 26556500Free PMC Article
Miller MO
Am Fam Physician 2008 Dec 1;78(11):1265-70. PMID: 19069020

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Nakamura Y, Watanabe H, Tanaka A, Yasui M, Nishihira J, Murayama N
Nutrients 2020 Apr 23;12(4) doi: 10.3390/nu12041191. PMID: 32340375Free PMC Article
Lin CX, Li Y, Liang S, Tao J, Zhang LS, Su YF, Huang YX, Zhao ZK, Liu SY, Zheng JM
Transplantation 2019 Oct;103(10):e285-e296. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002864. PMID: 31335763
Boerrigter G, Costello-Boerrigter LC, Abraham WT, Sutton MG, Heublein DM, Kruger KM, Hill MR, McCullough PA, Burnett JC Jr
J Card Fail 2008 Sep;14(7):539-46. Epub 2008 May 27 doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2008.03.009. PMID: 18722318Free PMC Article
Levin I, Almog B, Avni A, Baram A, Lessing JB, Gamzu R
Fertil Steril 2002 May;77(5):986-8. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)02973-4. PMID: 12009355

Diagnosis

Herat L, Rudnicka C, Okada Y, Mochizuki S, Schlaich M, Matthews V
Int J Mol Sci 2017 Apr 21;18(4) doi: 10.3390/ijms18040884. PMID: 28430139Free PMC Article

Therapy

Liu XQ, Jin J, Li Z, Jiang L, Dong YH, Cai YT, Wu MF, Wang JN, Ma TT, Wen JG, Liu MM, Li J, Wu YG, Meng XM
Biochem Pharmacol 2020 Oct;180:114132. Epub 2020 Jul 3 doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114132. PMID: 32622666
Nakamura Y, Watanabe H, Tanaka A, Yasui M, Nishihira J, Murayama N
Nutrients 2020 Apr 23;12(4) doi: 10.3390/nu12041191. PMID: 32340375Free PMC Article
Lin CX, Li Y, Liang S, Tao J, Zhang LS, Su YF, Huang YX, Zhao ZK, Liu SY, Zheng JM
Transplantation 2019 Oct;103(10):e285-e296. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002864. PMID: 31335763
Boerrigter G, Costello-Boerrigter LC, Abraham WT, Sutton MG, Heublein DM, Kruger KM, Hill MR, McCullough PA, Burnett JC Jr
J Card Fail 2008 Sep;14(7):539-46. Epub 2008 May 27 doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2008.03.009. PMID: 18722318Free PMC Article
Ranganathan N, Patel BG, Ranganathan P, Marczely J, Dheer R, Pechenyak B, Dunn SR, Verstraete W, Decroos K, Mehta R, Friedman EA
ASAIO J 2006 Jan-Feb;52(1):70-9. doi: 10.1097/01.mat.0000191345.45735.00. PMID: 16436893

Prognosis

Liu XQ, Jin J, Li Z, Jiang L, Dong YH, Cai YT, Wu MF, Wang JN, Ma TT, Wen JG, Liu MM, Li J, Wu YG, Meng XM
Biochem Pharmacol 2020 Oct;180:114132. Epub 2020 Jul 3 doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114132. PMID: 32622666
Boerrigter G, Costello-Boerrigter LC, Abraham WT, Sutton MG, Heublein DM, Kruger KM, Hill MR, McCullough PA, Burnett JC Jr
J Card Fail 2008 Sep;14(7):539-46. Epub 2008 May 27 doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2008.03.009. PMID: 18722318Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Liu XQ, Jin J, Li Z, Jiang L, Dong YH, Cai YT, Wu MF, Wang JN, Ma TT, Wen JG, Liu MM, Li J, Wu YG, Meng XM
Biochem Pharmacol 2020 Oct;180:114132. Epub 2020 Jul 3 doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114132. PMID: 32622666
Weehuizen TA, Wieland CW, van der Windt GJ, Duitman JW, Boon L, Day NP, Peacock SJ, van der Poll T, Wiersinga WJ
Infect Immun 2012 May;80(5):1853-7. Epub 2012 Feb 13 doi: 10.1128/IAI.05534-11. PMID: 22331429Free PMC Article
Morita T, Kakinuma Y, Kurabayashi A, Fujieda M, Sato T, Shuin T, Furihata M, Wakiguchi H
Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011 Dec;26(12):4023-31. Epub 2011 Apr 14 doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr176. PMID: 21493813
Boerrigter G, Costello-Boerrigter LC, Abraham WT, Sutton MG, Heublein DM, Kruger KM, Hill MR, McCullough PA, Burnett JC Jr
J Card Fail 2008 Sep;14(7):539-46. Epub 2008 May 27 doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2008.03.009. PMID: 18722318Free PMC Article

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