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Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 72(MRD72)

MedGen UID:
1841248
Concept ID:
C5830612
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonym: MRD72
 
Gene (location): SRRM2 (16p13.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0957397
OMIM®: 620439

Definition

Autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder-72 (MRD72) is characterized by developmental delay, predominant speech delay, autistic or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder features, overfriendliness, generalized hypotonia, overweight/obesity, and dysmorphic features (Cuinat et al., 2022). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Renal hypoplasia
MedGen UID:
120571
Concept ID:
C0266295
Congenital Abnormality
Hypoplasia of the kidney.
Shawl scrotum
MedGen UID:
388088
Concept ID:
C1858539
Congenital Abnormality
Superior margin of the scrotum superior to the base of the penis.
Micropenis
MedGen UID:
1633603
Concept ID:
C4551492
Congenital Abnormality
Abnormally small penis. At birth, the normal penis is about 3 cm (stretched length from pubic tubercle to tip of penis) with micropenis less than 2.0-2.5 cm.
Broad palm
MedGen UID:
75535
Concept ID:
C0264142
Congenital Abnormality
For children from birth to 4 years of age the palm width is more than 2 SD above the mean; for children from 4 to 16 years of age the palm width is above the 95th centile; or, the width of the palm appears disproportionately wide for the length.
Obesity
MedGen UID:
18127
Concept ID:
C0028754
Disease or Syndrome
Accumulation of substantial excess body fat.
Tall stature
MedGen UID:
69137
Concept ID:
C0241240
Finding
A height above that which is expected according to age and gender norms.
Feeding difficulties
MedGen UID:
65429
Concept ID:
C0232466
Finding
Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.
Low-set ears
MedGen UID:
65980
Concept ID:
C0239234
Congenital Abnormality
Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.
Posteriorly rotated ears
MedGen UID:
96566
Concept ID:
C0431478
Congenital Abnormality
A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front).
Uplifted earlobe
MedGen UID:
344655
Concept ID:
C1856117
Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormal orientation of the earlobes such that they point out- and upward. That is, the lateral surface of ear lobe faces superiorly.
Anxiety
MedGen UID:
1613
Concept ID:
C0003467
Finding
Intense feelings of nervousness, tension, or panic often arise in response to interpersonal stresses. There is worry about the negative effects of past unpleasant experiences and future negative possibilities. Individuals may feel fearful, apprehensive, or threatened by uncertainty, and they may also have fears of falling apart or losing control.
Polyphagia
MedGen UID:
9369
Concept ID:
C0020505
Finding
A neurological anomaly with gross overeating associated with an abnormally strong desire or need to eat.
Intellectual disability, mild
MedGen UID:
10044
Concept ID:
C0026106
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Mild intellectual disability is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 50-69.
Spina bifida
MedGen UID:
38283
Concept ID:
C0080178
Congenital Abnormality
Incomplete closure of the embryonic neural tube, whereby some vertebral arches remain unfused and open. The mildest form is spina bifida occulta, followed by meningocele and meningomyelocele.
Delayed ability to walk
MedGen UID:
66034
Concept ID:
C0241726
Finding
A failure to achieve the ability to walk at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children learn to walk in a series of stages, and learn to walk short distances independently between 12 and 15 months.
Delayed speech and language development
MedGen UID:
105318
Concept ID:
C0454644
Finding
A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Autistic behavior
MedGen UID:
163547
Concept ID:
C0856975
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Persistent deficits in social interaction and communication and interaction as well as a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest as well as repetitive patterns of behavior.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
MedGen UID:
220387
Concept ID:
C1263846
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral disorder that typically begins in childhood and is characterized by a short attention span (inattention), an inability to be calm and stay still (hyperactivity), and poor impulse control (impulsivity). Some people with ADHD have problems with only inattention or with hyperactivity and impulsivity, but most have problems related to all three features.\n\nIn people with ADHD, the characteristic behaviors are frequent and severe enough to interfere with the activities of daily living such as school, work, and relationships with others. Because of an inability to stay focused on tasks, people with inattention may be easily distracted, forgetful, avoid tasks that require sustained attention, have difficulty organizing tasks, or frequently lose items.\n\nHyperactivity is usually shown by frequent movement. Individuals with this feature often fidget or tap their foot when seated, leave their seat when it is inappropriate to do so (such as in the classroom), or talk a lot and interrupt others.\n\nIn most affected individuals, ADHD continues throughout life, but in about one-third of individuals, signs and symptoms of ADHD go away by adulthood.\n\nImpulsivity can result in hasty actions without thought for the consequences. Individuals with poor impulse control may have difficulty waiting for their turn, deferring to others, or considering their actions before acting.\n\nMore than two-thirds of all individuals with ADHD have additional conditions, including insomnia, mood or anxiety disorders, learning disorders, or substance use disorders. Affected individuals may also have autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by impaired communication and social interaction, or Tourette syndrome, which is a disorder characterized by repetitive and involuntary movements or noises called tics.
Overfriendliness
MedGen UID:
867995
Concept ID:
C4022386
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
A form of hypersociability that presents as mostly inappropriate friendliness towards others.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Facial hypotonia
MedGen UID:
336889
Concept ID:
C1845251
Finding
Reduced muscle tone of a muscle that is innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve).
Macrocephaly
MedGen UID:
745757
Concept ID:
C2243051
Finding
Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium.
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
Concept ID:
C4551563
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Bulbous nose
MedGen UID:
66013
Concept ID:
C0240543
Finding
Increased volume and globular shape of the anteroinferior aspect of the nose.
Short neck
MedGen UID:
99267
Concept ID:
C0521525
Finding
Diminished length of the neck.
Epicanthus
MedGen UID:
151862
Concept ID:
C0678230
Congenital Abnormality
Epicanthus is a condition in which a fold of skin stretches from the upper to the lower eyelid, partially covering the inner canthus. Usher (1935) noted that epicanthus is a normal finding in the fetus of all races. Epicanthus also occurs in association with hereditary ptosis (110100).
Smooth philtrum
MedGen UID:
222980
Concept ID:
C1142533
Finding
Flat skin surface, with no ridge formation in the central region of the upper lip between the nasal base and upper vermilion border.
Thin upper lip vermilion
MedGen UID:
355352
Concept ID:
C1865017
Finding
Height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the midline more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently reduced height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the frontal view (subjective).
Broad chin
MedGen UID:
868767
Concept ID:
C4023172
Finding
Increased width of the midpoint of the mandible (mental protuberance) and overlying soft tissue.
Hypermetropia
MedGen UID:
43780
Concept ID:
C0020490
Disease or Syndrome
An abnormality of refraction characterized by the ability to see objects in the distance clearly, while objects nearby appear blurry.
Strabismus
MedGen UID:
21337
Concept ID:
C0038379
Disease or Syndrome
A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.
Deeply set eye
MedGen UID:
473112
Concept ID:
C0423224
Finding
An eye that is more deeply recessed into the plane of the face than is typical.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Ng SY, Luk HM, Hau EW, Cheng SS, Yu KP, Ho S, Mok MT, Lo IF
Eur J Med Genet 2022 Oct;65(10):104573. Epub 2022 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104573. PMID: 35918040

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Zhao J, Lyu G, Ding C, Wang X, Li J, Zhang W, Yang X, Zhang VW
Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022 Mar;10(3):e1825. Epub 2022 Feb 14 doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1825. PMID: 35156329Free PMC Article
Fazio G, Massa V, Grioni A, Bystry V, Rigamonti S, Saitta C, Galbiati M, Rizzari C, Consarino C, Biondi A, Selicorni A, Cazzaniga G
J Clin Pathol 2019 Aug;72(8):558-561. Epub 2019 Apr 4 doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-205707. PMID: 30948435
López M, García-Oguiza A, Armstrong J, García-Cobaleda I, García-Miñaur S, Santos-Simarro F, Seidel V, Domínguez-Garrido E
BMC Med Genet 2018 Mar 5;19(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s12881-018-0548-2. PMID: 29506490Free PMC Article
Kerr AM, Mitchell JM, Robertson PE
Neuropediatrics 1995 Apr;26(2):72-4. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-979726. PMID: 7566456

Diagnosis

Ng SY, Luk HM, Hau EW, Cheng SS, Yu KP, Ho S, Mok MT, Lo IF
Eur J Med Genet 2022 Oct;65(10):104573. Epub 2022 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104573. PMID: 35918040
Zhao J, Lyu G, Ding C, Wang X, Li J, Zhang W, Yang X, Zhang VW
Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022 Mar;10(3):e1825. Epub 2022 Feb 14 doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1825. PMID: 35156329Free PMC Article
Di Stefano V, Rispoli MG, Pellegrino N, Graziosi A, Rotondo E, Napoli C, Pietrobon D, Brighina F, Parisi P
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020 Jul;91(7):764-771. Epub 2020 May 19 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-322850. PMID: 32430436Free PMC Article
López M, García-Oguiza A, Armstrong J, García-Cobaleda I, García-Miñaur S, Santos-Simarro F, Seidel V, Domínguez-Garrido E
BMC Med Genet 2018 Mar 5;19(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s12881-018-0548-2. PMID: 29506490Free PMC Article
Schlögel MJ, Mendola A, Fastré E, Vasudevan P, Devriendt K, de Ravel TJ, Van Esch H, Casteels I, Arroyo Carrera I, Cristofoli F, Fieggen K, Jones K, Lipson M, Balikova I, Singer A, Soller M, Mercedes Villanueva M, Revencu N, Boon LM, Brouillard P, Vikkula M
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015 May 2;10:52. doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0271-4. PMID: 25934493Free PMC Article

Therapy

Di Stefano V, Rispoli MG, Pellegrino N, Graziosi A, Rotondo E, Napoli C, Pietrobon D, Brighina F, Parisi P
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020 Jul;91(7):764-771. Epub 2020 May 19 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-322850. PMID: 32430436Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Bassani S, Chrast J, Ambrosini G, Voisin N, Schütz F, Brusco A, Sirchia F, Turban L, Schubert S, Abou Jamra R, Schlump JU, DeMille D, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Nelson GR, Wong KN, Duncan L, Mosera M, Gilissen C, Vissers LELM, Pfundt R, Kersseboom R, Yttervik H, Hansen GÅM, Smeland MF, Butler KM, Lyons MJ, Carvalho CMB, Zhang C, Lupski JR, Potocki L, Flores-Gallegos L, Morales-Toquero R, Petit F, Yalcin B, Tuttle A, Elloumi HZ, McCormick L, Kukolich M, Klaas O, Horvath J, Scala M, Iacomino M, Operto F, Zara F, Writzl K, Maver A, Haanpää MK, Pohjola P, Arikka H, Kievit AJA, Calandrini C, Iseli C, Guex N, Reymond A
Genome Med 2024 May 30;16(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s13073-024-01339-y. PMID: 38811945Free PMC Article
Saffari A, Lau T, Tajsharghi H, Karimiani EG, Kariminejad A, Efthymiou S, Zifarelli G, Sultan T, Toosi MB, Sedighzadeh S, Siu VM, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, AlShamsi AM, Ibrahim S, Al-Sannaa NA, Al-Hertani W, Sandra W, Tarnopolsky M, Alavi S, Li C, Day-Salvatore DL, Martínez-González MJ, Levandoski KM, Bedoukian E, Madan-Khetarpal S, Idleburg MJ, Menezes MJ, Siddharth A, Platzer K, Oppermann H, Smitka M, Collins F, Lek M, Shahrooei M, Ghavideldarestani M, Herman I, Rendu J, Faure J, Baker J, Bhambhani V, Calderwood L, Akhondian J, Imannezhad S, Mirzadeh HS, Hashemi N, Doosti M, Safi M, Ahangari N, Torbati PN, Abedini S, Salpietro V, Gulec EY, Eshaghian S, Ghazavi M, Pascher MT, Vogel M, Abicht A, Moutton S, Bruel AL, Rieubland C, Gallati S, Strom TM, Lochmüller H, Mohammadi MH, Alvi JR, Zackai EH, Keena BA, Skraban CM, Berger SI, Andrew EH, Rahimian E, Morrow MM, Wentzensen IM, Millan F, Henderson LB, Dafsari HS, Jungbluth H, Gomez-Ospina N, McRae A, Peter M, Veltra D, Marinakis NM, Sofocleous C, Ashrafzadeh F, Pehlivan D, Lemke JR, Melki J, Benezit A, Bauer P, Weis D, Lupski JR, Senderek J, Christodoulou J, Chung WK, Goodchild R, Offiah AC, Moreno-De-Luca A, Suri M, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Houlden H, Maroofian R
Brain 2023 Aug 1;146(8):3273-3288. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad039. PMID: 36757831Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Bassani S, Chrast J, Ambrosini G, Voisin N, Schütz F, Brusco A, Sirchia F, Turban L, Schubert S, Abou Jamra R, Schlump JU, DeMille D, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Nelson GR, Wong KN, Duncan L, Mosera M, Gilissen C, Vissers LELM, Pfundt R, Kersseboom R, Yttervik H, Hansen GÅM, Smeland MF, Butler KM, Lyons MJ, Carvalho CMB, Zhang C, Lupski JR, Potocki L, Flores-Gallegos L, Morales-Toquero R, Petit F, Yalcin B, Tuttle A, Elloumi HZ, McCormick L, Kukolich M, Klaas O, Horvath J, Scala M, Iacomino M, Operto F, Zara F, Writzl K, Maver A, Haanpää MK, Pohjola P, Arikka H, Kievit AJA, Calandrini C, Iseli C, Guex N, Reymond A
Genome Med 2024 May 30;16(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s13073-024-01339-y. PMID: 38811945Free PMC Article
Saffari A, Lau T, Tajsharghi H, Karimiani EG, Kariminejad A, Efthymiou S, Zifarelli G, Sultan T, Toosi MB, Sedighzadeh S, Siu VM, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, AlShamsi AM, Ibrahim S, Al-Sannaa NA, Al-Hertani W, Sandra W, Tarnopolsky M, Alavi S, Li C, Day-Salvatore DL, Martínez-González MJ, Levandoski KM, Bedoukian E, Madan-Khetarpal S, Idleburg MJ, Menezes MJ, Siddharth A, Platzer K, Oppermann H, Smitka M, Collins F, Lek M, Shahrooei M, Ghavideldarestani M, Herman I, Rendu J, Faure J, Baker J, Bhambhani V, Calderwood L, Akhondian J, Imannezhad S, Mirzadeh HS, Hashemi N, Doosti M, Safi M, Ahangari N, Torbati PN, Abedini S, Salpietro V, Gulec EY, Eshaghian S, Ghazavi M, Pascher MT, Vogel M, Abicht A, Moutton S, Bruel AL, Rieubland C, Gallati S, Strom TM, Lochmüller H, Mohammadi MH, Alvi JR, Zackai EH, Keena BA, Skraban CM, Berger SI, Andrew EH, Rahimian E, Morrow MM, Wentzensen IM, Millan F, Henderson LB, Dafsari HS, Jungbluth H, Gomez-Ospina N, McRae A, Peter M, Veltra D, Marinakis NM, Sofocleous C, Ashrafzadeh F, Pehlivan D, Lemke JR, Melki J, Benezit A, Bauer P, Weis D, Lupski JR, Senderek J, Christodoulou J, Chung WK, Goodchild R, Offiah AC, Moreno-De-Luca A, Suri M, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Houlden H, Maroofian R
Brain 2023 Aug 1;146(8):3273-3288. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad039. PMID: 36757831Free PMC Article
Ng SY, Luk HM, Hau EW, Cheng SS, Yu KP, Ho S, Mok MT, Lo IF
Eur J Med Genet 2022 Oct;65(10):104573. Epub 2022 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104573. PMID: 35918040
López M, García-Oguiza A, Armstrong J, García-Cobaleda I, García-Miñaur S, Santos-Simarro F, Seidel V, Domínguez-Garrido E
BMC Med Genet 2018 Mar 5;19(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s12881-018-0548-2. PMID: 29506490Free PMC Article
Kerr AM, Mitchell JM, Robertson PE
Neuropediatrics 1995 Apr;26(2):72-4. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-979726. PMID: 7566456

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