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Toxocariasis

MedGen UID:
21596
•Concept ID:
C0040553
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Toxocariases
SNOMED CT: Toxocara infection (406619001); Toxocariasis (406619001); Infection caused by Toxocara (406619001)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
•Concept ID:
CN307044
•
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
See: This record
Not genetically inherited (Orphanet)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005988
Orphanet: ORPHA3343

Definition

A cosmopolitan zoonotic disease caused in humans by the accidental ingestion of eggs or larvae of the ascarids <i>Toxocara canis</i> or <i>Toxocara cati</i>, the common round worm of dogs and cats respectively. The infestation can be asymptomatic or can present as visceral larva migrans caused by larval migration through major organs such as liver, lungs or central nervous system (manifesting with fever, cough, hepatomegaly, pneumonia or rarely encephalitis), or as ocular larva migrans caused by larval migration to the eye (manifesting as ocular inflammation and retinal scaring). [from ORDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVToxocariasis
Follow this link to review classifications for Toxocariasis in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Human toxocariasis: current advances in diagnostics, treatment, and interventions.
Moreira GM, Telmo Pde L, Mendonça M, Moreira AN, McBride AJ, Scaini CJ, Conceição FR
Trends Parasitol 2014 Sep;30(9):456-64. Epub 2014 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.07.003. PMID: 25089038
Imaging in the diagnosis and management of ocular toxocariasis.
Campbell JP, Wilkinson CP
Int Ophthalmol Clin 2012 Fall;52(4):145-53. doi: 10.1097/IIO.0b013e318265d58b. PMID: 22954936
Ocular toxocariasis: advances in diagnosis and treatment.
Schneier AJ, Durand ML
Int Ophthalmol Clin 2011 Fall;51(4):135-44. doi: 10.1097/IIO.0b013e31822d6a5a. PMID: 21897146

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Prevalence of Toxocara in dogs and cats in Africa.
Chidumayo NN
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:861-871. Epub 2020 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.032. PMID: 32381230
Seroprevalence Brazil.
Fialho PMM, Correa CRS, Lescano SZ
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:357-374. Epub 2020 Jan 31 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.013. PMID: 32381207
Toxocara: Seroprevalence in Mexico.
Ponce-Macotela M, Martínez-Gordillo MN
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:341-355. Epub 2020 Feb 5 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.012. PMID: 32381206
Neurotoxocarosis.
Finsterer J, Auer H
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2007 Sep-Oct;49(5):279-87. doi: 10.1590/s0036-46652007000500002. PMID: 18026633
Neuroparasitic infections: nematodes.
Walker MD, Zunt JR
Semin Neurol 2005 Sep;25(3):252-61. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-917662. PMID: 16170738Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Seroprevalence Brazil.
Fialho PMM, Correa CRS, Lescano SZ
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:357-374. Epub 2020 Jan 31 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.013. PMID: 32381207
Neurotoxocariasis.
Nicoletti A
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:219-231. Epub 2020 Jan 31 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.007. PMID: 32381199
Imaging of toxocariasis.
Dietrich CF, Cretu C, Dong Y
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:165-187. Epub 2020 Apr 25 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.03.001. PMID: 32381196
Toxocariasis: a silent threat with a progressive public health impact.
Chen J, Liu Q, Liu GH, Zheng WB, Hong SJ, Sugiyama H, Zhu XQ, Elsheikha HM
Infect Dis Poverty 2018 Jun 13;7(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s40249-018-0437-0. PMID: 29895324Free PMC Article
Human toxocariasis.
Ma G, Holland CV, Wang T, Hofmann A, Fan CK, Maizels RM, Hotez PJ, Gasser RB
Lancet Infect Dis 2018 Jan;18(1):e14-e24. Epub 2017 Aug 3 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30331-6. PMID: 28781085

Therapy

Neurotoxocariasis: a systematic literature review.
Deshayes S, Bonhomme J, de La Blanchardière A
Infection 2016 Oct;44(5):565-74. Epub 2016 Mar 23 doi: 10.1007/s15010-016-0889-8. PMID: 27084369
Human toxocariasis: current advances in diagnostics, treatment, and interventions.
Moreira GM, Telmo Pde L, Mendonça M, Moreira AN, McBride AJ, Scaini CJ, Conceição FR
Trends Parasitol 2014 Sep;30(9):456-64. Epub 2014 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.07.003. PMID: 25089038
Asthma and toxocariasis.
Li L, Gao W, Yang X, Wu D, Bi H, Zhang S, Huang M, Yao X
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014 Aug;113(2):187-92. Epub 2014 Jun 13 doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.016. PMID: 24934109
Toxocariasis and epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Quattrocchi G, Nicoletti A, Marin B, Bruno E, Druet-Cabanac M, Preux PM
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012;6(8):e1775. Epub 2012 Aug 14 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001775. PMID: 22905274Free PMC Article
Toxocariasis in humans: clinical expression and treatment dilemma.
Pawlowski Z
J Helminthol 2001 Dec;75(4):299-305. doi: 10.1017/s0022149x01000464. PMID: 11818044

Prognosis

Seroprevalence and incidence of human toxocarosis in Russia.
Akhmadishina LV, Ruzina MN, Lukasheva MA, Kyuregyan KK, Mikhailov MI, Lukashev AN
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:419-432. Epub 2020 Apr 9 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.015. PMID: 32381210
Ocular parasitoses: A comprehensive review.
Padhi TR, Das S, Sharma S, Rath S, Rath S, Tripathy D, Panda KG, Basu S, Besirli CG
Surv Ophthalmol 2017 Mar-Apr;62(2):161-189. Epub 2016 Oct 6 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.09.005. PMID: 27720858
Ocular toxocariasis.
Pivetti-Pezzi P
Int J Med Sci 2009;6(3):129-30. Epub 2009 Mar 19 doi: 10.7150/ijms.6.129. PMID: 19319231Free PMC Article
Neurotoxocarosis.
Finsterer J, Auer H
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2007 Sep-Oct;49(5):279-87. doi: 10.1590/s0036-46652007000500002. PMID: 18026633
Toxocariasis in humans: clinical expression and treatment dilemma.
Pawlowski Z
J Helminthol 2001 Dec;75(4):299-305. doi: 10.1017/s0022149x01000464. PMID: 11818044

Clinical prediction guides

Pathogenesis of cerebral toxocariasis and neurodegenerative diseases.
Fan CK
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:233-259. Epub 2020 Feb 5 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.008. PMID: 32381200
Neurotoxocariasis: a systematic literature review.
Deshayes S, Bonhomme J, de La Blanchardière A
Infection 2016 Oct;44(5):565-74. Epub 2016 Mar 23 doi: 10.1007/s15010-016-0889-8. PMID: 27084369
Ocular toxocariasis: new diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives.
Martínez-Pulgarín DF, Muñoz-Urbano M, Gomez-Suta LD, Delgado OM, Rodriguez-Morales AJ
Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2015;10(1):35-41. doi: 10.2174/1574891x10666150410125057. PMID: 25858303
Toxocariasis in humans: clinical expression and treatment dilemma.
Pawlowski Z
J Helminthol 2001 Dec;75(4):299-305. doi: 10.1017/s0022149x01000464. PMID: 11818044
Zoonoses.
Goscienski PJ
Pediatr Infect Dis 1983 Jan-Feb;2(1):69-81. doi: 10.1097/00006454-198301000-00018. PMID: 6340080

Recent systematic reviews

Updated evidence of the association between toxocariasis and epilepsy: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Luna J, Cicero CE, Rateau G, Quattrocchi G, Marin B, Bruno E, Dalmay F, Druet-Cabanac M, Nicoletti A, Preux PM
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 Jul;12(7):e0006665. Epub 2018 Jul 20 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006665. PMID: 30028858Free PMC Article
Neurotoxocariasis: a systematic literature review.
Deshayes S, Bonhomme J, de La Blanchardière A
Infection 2016 Oct;44(5):565-74. Epub 2016 Mar 23 doi: 10.1007/s15010-016-0889-8. PMID: 27084369
A Systematic Review of Toxocariasis: A Neglected But High-Prevalence Disease in Brazil.
Fialho PM, Corrêa CR
Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016 Jun 1;94(6):1193-9. Epub 2016 Feb 1 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0733. PMID: 26834201Free PMC Article
Asthma and toxocariasis.
Li L, Gao W, Yang X, Wu D, Bi H, Zhang S, Huang M, Yao X
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014 Aug;113(2):187-92. Epub 2014 Jun 13 doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.016. PMID: 24934109
Toxocariasis and epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Quattrocchi G, Nicoletti A, Marin B, Bruno E, Druet-Cabanac M, Preux PM
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012;6(8):e1775. Epub 2012 Aug 14 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001775. PMID: 22905274Free PMC Article

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