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Toxocariasis

MedGen UID:
21596
•Concept ID:
C0040553
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Toxocariases
SNOMED CT: Toxocara infection (406619001); Toxocariasis (406619001); Infection due to Toxocara (406619001); Infection caused by Toxocara (406619001)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
•Concept ID:
CN307044
•
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
See: This record
Not genetically inherited (Orphanet)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005988
Orphanet: ORPHA3343

Definition

A cosmopolitan zoonotic disease caused in humans by the accidental ingestion of eggs or larvae of the ascarids <i>Toxocara canis</i> or <i>Toxocara cati</i>, the common round worm of dogs and cats respectively. The infestation can be asymptomatic or can present as visceral larva migrans caused by larval migration through major organs such as liver, lungs or central nervous system (manifesting with fever, cough, hepatomegaly, pneumonia or rarely encephalitis), or as ocular larva migrans caused by larval migration to the eye (manifesting as ocular inflammation and retinal scaring). [from ORDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVToxocariasis
Follow this link to review classifications for Toxocariasis in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Clinical course and treatment outcomes of toxocariasis-related eosinophilic disorder.
Yoon SY, Baek S, Park SY, Shin B, Kwon HS, Cho YS, Moon HB, Kim TB
Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Sep;97(37):e12361. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012361. PMID: 30212995Free PMC Article
Human toxocariasis: current advances in diagnostics, treatment, and interventions.
Moreira GM, Telmo Pde L, Mendonça M, Moreira AN, McBride AJ, Scaini CJ, Conceição FR
Trends Parasitol 2014 Sep;30(9):456-64. Epub 2014 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.07.003. PMID: 25089038
Toxocariasis in humans: clinical expression and treatment dilemma.
Pawlowski Z
J Helminthol 2001 Dec;75(4):299-305. doi: 10.1017/s0022149x01000464. PMID: 11818044

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Brain food: rethinking food-borne toxocariasis.
Healy SR, Morgan ER, Prada JM, Betson M
Parasitology 2022 Jan;149(1):1-9. Epub 2021 Oct 25 doi: 10.1017/S0031182021001591. PMID: 34694217Free PMC Article
Sources and seroprevalence of toxocariasis in Turkey.
Taylan-Ozkan A
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:465-482. Epub 2020 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.021. PMID: 32381213
Seroprevalence Brazil.
Fialho PMM, Correa CRS, Lescano SZ
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:357-374. Epub 2020 Jan 31 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.013. PMID: 32381207
Toxocara: Seroprevalence in Mexico.
Ponce-Macotela M, Martínez-Gordillo MN
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:341-355. Epub 2020 Feb 5 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.012. PMID: 32381206
Neurotoxocarosis.
Finsterer J, Auer H
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2007 Sep-Oct;49(5):279-87. doi: 10.1590/s0036-46652007000500002. PMID: 18026633

Diagnosis

Seroprevalence Brazil.
Fialho PMM, Correa CRS, Lescano SZ
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:357-374. Epub 2020 Jan 31 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.013. PMID: 32381207
Neurotoxocariasis.
Nicoletti A
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:219-231. Epub 2020 Jan 31 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.007. PMID: 32381199
Imaging of toxocariasis.
Dietrich CF, Cretu C, Dong Y
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:165-187. Epub 2020 Apr 25 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.03.001. PMID: 32381196
Toxocariasis: a silent threat with a progressive public health impact.
Chen J, Liu Q, Liu GH, Zheng WB, Hong SJ, Sugiyama H, Zhu XQ, Elsheikha HM
Infect Dis Poverty 2018 Jun 13;7(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s40249-018-0437-0. PMID: 29895324Free PMC Article
Human toxocariasis.
Ma G, Holland CV, Wang T, Hofmann A, Fan CK, Maizels RM, Hotez PJ, Gasser RB
Lancet Infect Dis 2018 Jan;18(1):e14-e24. Epub 2017 Aug 3 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30331-6. PMID: 28781085

Therapy

Human toxocariasis - A look at a neglected disease through an epidemiological 'prism'.
Rostami A, Ma G, Wang T, Koehler AV, Hofmann A, Chang BCH, Macpherson CN, Gasser RB
Infect Genet Evol 2019 Oct;74:104002. Epub 2019 Aug 11 doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104002. PMID: 31412276
Ocular toxocariasis: new diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives.
Martínez-Pulgarín DF, Muñoz-Urbano M, Gomez-Suta LD, Delgado OM, Rodriguez-Morales AJ
Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2015;10(1):35-41. doi: 10.2174/1574891x10666150410125057. PMID: 25858303
Asthma and toxocariasis.
Li L, Gao W, Yang X, Wu D, Bi H, Zhang S, Huang M, Yao X
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014 Aug;113(2):187-92. Epub 2014 Jun 13 doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.016. PMID: 24934109
Therapeutic battle against larval toxocariasis: are we still far behind?
Othman AA
Acta Trop 2012 Dec;124(3):171-8. Epub 2012 Aug 14 doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.08.003. PMID: 22921951
Toxocariasis and epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Quattrocchi G, Nicoletti A, Marin B, Bruno E, Druet-Cabanac M, Preux PM
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012;6(8):e1775. Epub 2012 Aug 14 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001775. PMID: 22905274Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Seroprevalence and incidence of human toxocarosis in Russia.
Akhmadishina LV, Ruzina MN, Lukasheva MA, Kyuregyan KK, Mikhailov MI, Lukashev AN
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:419-432. Epub 2020 Apr 9 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.015. PMID: 32381210
Ocular parasitoses: A comprehensive review.
Padhi TR, Das S, Sharma S, Rath S, Rath S, Tripathy D, Panda KG, Basu S, Besirli CG
Surv Ophthalmol 2017 Mar-Apr;62(2):161-189. Epub 2016 Oct 6 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.09.005. PMID: 27720858
Ocular toxocariasis: new diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives.
Martínez-Pulgarín DF, Muñoz-Urbano M, Gomez-Suta LD, Delgado OM, Rodriguez-Morales AJ
Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2015;10(1):35-41. doi: 10.2174/1574891x10666150410125057. PMID: 25858303
Neurotoxocarosis.
Finsterer J, Auer H
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2007 Sep-Oct;49(5):279-87. doi: 10.1590/s0036-46652007000500002. PMID: 18026633
Toxocariasis in humans: clinical expression and treatment dilemma.
Pawlowski Z
J Helminthol 2001 Dec;75(4):299-305. doi: 10.1017/s0022149x01000464. PMID: 11818044

Clinical prediction guides

Pathogenesis of cerebral toxocariasis and neurodegenerative diseases.
Fan CK
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:233-259. Epub 2020 Feb 5 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.008. PMID: 32381200
Neurotoxocariasis: a systematic literature review.
Deshayes S, Bonhomme J, de La Blanchardière A
Infection 2016 Oct;44(5):565-74. Epub 2016 Mar 23 doi: 10.1007/s15010-016-0889-8. PMID: 27084369
Ocular toxocariasis: new diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives.
Martínez-Pulgarín DF, Muñoz-Urbano M, Gomez-Suta LD, Delgado OM, Rodriguez-Morales AJ
Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2015;10(1):35-41. doi: 10.2174/1574891x10666150410125057. PMID: 25858303
Toxocariasis in humans: clinical expression and treatment dilemma.
Pawlowski Z
J Helminthol 2001 Dec;75(4):299-305. doi: 10.1017/s0022149x01000464. PMID: 11818044
Zoonoses.
Goscienski PJ
Pediatr Infect Dis 1983 Jan-Feb;2(1):69-81. doi: 10.1097/00006454-198301000-00018. PMID: 6340080

Recent systematic reviews

Toxocariasis in humans in Africa - A systematic review.
Lötsch F, Vingerling R, Spijker R, Grobusch MP
Travel Med Infect Dis 2017 Nov-Dec;20:15-25. Epub 2017 Oct 14 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.10.009. PMID: 29037977
Neurotoxocariasis: a systematic literature review.
Deshayes S, Bonhomme J, de La Blanchardière A
Infection 2016 Oct;44(5):565-74. Epub 2016 Mar 23 doi: 10.1007/s15010-016-0889-8. PMID: 27084369
A Systematic Review of Toxocariasis: A Neglected But High-Prevalence Disease in Brazil.
Fialho PM, Corrêa CR
Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016 Jun 1;94(6):1193-9. Epub 2016 Feb 1 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0733. PMID: 26834201Free PMC Article
Asthma and toxocariasis.
Li L, Gao W, Yang X, Wu D, Bi H, Zhang S, Huang M, Yao X
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014 Aug;113(2):187-92. Epub 2014 Jun 13 doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.016. PMID: 24934109
Toxocariasis and epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Quattrocchi G, Nicoletti A, Marin B, Bruno E, Druet-Cabanac M, Preux PM
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012;6(8):e1775. Epub 2012 Aug 14 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001775. PMID: 22905274Free PMC Article

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