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Toxocariasis

MedGen UID:
21596
•Concept ID:
C0040553
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Toxocariases
SNOMED CT: Toxocara infection (406619001); Toxocariasis (406619001); Infection caused by Toxocara (406619001)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
•Concept ID:
CN307044
•
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
See: This record
Not genetically inherited (Orphanet)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005988
Orphanet: ORPHA3343

Definition

A cosmopolitan zoonotic disease caused in humans by the accidental ingestion of eggs or larvae of the ascarids <i>Toxocara canis</i> or <i>Toxocara cati</i>, the common round worm of dogs and cats respectively. The infestation can be asymptomatic or can present as visceral larva migrans caused by larval migration through major organs such as liver, lungs or central nervous system (manifesting with fever, cough, hepatomegaly, pneumonia or rarely encephalitis), or as ocular larva migrans caused by larval migration to the eye (manifesting as ocular inflammation and retinal scaring). [from ORDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVToxocariasis
Follow this link to review classifications for Toxocariasis in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Real-time multiplex PCR for human echinococcosis and differential diagnosis.
Knapp J, Lallemand S, Monnien F, Felix S, Courquet S, Umhang G, Millon L
Parasite 2023;30:3. Epub 2023 Jan 25 doi: 10.1051/parasite/2023003. PMID: 36700708Free PMC Article
Clinical course and treatment outcomes of toxocariasis-related eosinophilic disorder.
Yoon SY, Baek S, Park SY, Shin B, Kwon HS, Cho YS, Moon HB, Kim TB
Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Sep;97(37):e12361. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012361. PMID: 30212995Free PMC Article
Ocular toxocariasis: advances in diagnosis and treatment.
Schneier AJ, Durand ML
Int Ophthalmol Clin 2011 Fall;51(4):135-44. doi: 10.1097/IIO.0b013e31822d6a5a. PMID: 21897146

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Brain food: rethinking food-borne toxocariasis.
Healy SR, Morgan ER, Prada JM, Betson M
Parasitology 2022 Jan;149(1):1-9. Epub 2021 Oct 25 doi: 10.1017/S0031182021001591. PMID: 34694217Free PMC Article
Human toxocariasis and atopy.
Magnaval JF, Fillaux J, Cassaing S, Valentin A, Iriart X, Berry A
Parasite 2020;27:32. Epub 2020 May 13 doi: 10.1051/parasite/2020029. PMID: 32400389Free PMC Article
Seroprevalence Brazil.
Fialho PMM, Correa CRS, Lescano SZ
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:357-374. Epub 2020 Jan 31 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.013. PMID: 32381207
Toxocara: Seroprevalence in Mexico.
Ponce-Macotela M, Martínez-Gordillo MN
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:341-355. Epub 2020 Feb 5 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.012. PMID: 32381206
Neurotoxocarosis.
Finsterer J, Auer H
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2007 Sep-Oct;49(5):279-87. doi: 10.1590/s0036-46652007000500002. PMID: 18026633

Diagnosis

Seroprevalence Brazil.
Fialho PMM, Correa CRS, Lescano SZ
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:357-374. Epub 2020 Jan 31 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.013. PMID: 32381207
Neurotoxocariasis.
Nicoletti A
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:219-231. Epub 2020 Jan 31 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.007. PMID: 32381199
Imaging of toxocariasis.
Dietrich CF, Cretu C, Dong Y
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:165-187. Epub 2020 Apr 25 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.03.001. PMID: 32381196
Toxocariasis: a silent threat with a progressive public health impact.
Chen J, Liu Q, Liu GH, Zheng WB, Hong SJ, Sugiyama H, Zhu XQ, Elsheikha HM
Infect Dis Poverty 2018 Jun 13;7(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s40249-018-0437-0. PMID: 29895324Free PMC Article
Human toxocariasis.
Ma G, Holland CV, Wang T, Hofmann A, Fan CK, Maizels RM, Hotez PJ, Gasser RB
Lancet Infect Dis 2018 Jan;18(1):e14-e24. Epub 2017 Aug 3 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30331-6. PMID: 28781085

Therapy

Visceral larva Migrans in a Young Italian Patient: A Diagnostic Dilemma.
Francalanci E, Manciulli T, Bandini G, Blanc P, Bonelli SI, Brunetti E, Gotuzzo E, Cretu CM, Gobbi F, Bartoloni A, Zammarchi L
Acta Parasitol 2023 Dec;68(4):937-941. Epub 2023 Oct 23 doi: 10.1007/s11686-023-00723-9. PMID: 37872438Free PMC Article
Toward anthelmintic drug candidates for toxocariasis: Challenges and recent developments.
Mengarda AC, Silva TC, Silva AS, Roquini DB, Fernandes JPS, de Moraes J
Eur J Med Chem 2023 May 5;251:115268. Epub 2023 Mar 8 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115268. PMID: 36921525
Neurotoxocariasis: a systematic literature review.
Deshayes S, Bonhomme J, de La Blanchardière A
Infection 2016 Oct;44(5):565-74. Epub 2016 Mar 23 doi: 10.1007/s15010-016-0889-8. PMID: 27084369
Asthma and toxocariasis.
Li L, Gao W, Yang X, Wu D, Bi H, Zhang S, Huang M, Yao X
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014 Aug;113(2):187-92. Epub 2014 Jun 13 doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.016. PMID: 24934109
Toxocariasis and epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Quattrocchi G, Nicoletti A, Marin B, Bruno E, Druet-Cabanac M, Preux PM
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012;6(8):e1775. Epub 2012 Aug 14 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001775. PMID: 22905274Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Visceral larva Migrans in a Young Italian Patient: A Diagnostic Dilemma.
Francalanci E, Manciulli T, Bandini G, Blanc P, Bonelli SI, Brunetti E, Gotuzzo E, Cretu CM, Gobbi F, Bartoloni A, Zammarchi L
Acta Parasitol 2023 Dec;68(4):937-941. Epub 2023 Oct 23 doi: 10.1007/s11686-023-00723-9. PMID: 37872438Free PMC Article
Ocular parasitoses: A comprehensive review.
Padhi TR, Das S, Sharma S, Rath S, Rath S, Tripathy D, Panda KG, Basu S, Besirli CG
Surv Ophthalmol 2017 Mar-Apr;62(2):161-189. Epub 2016 Oct 6 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.09.005. PMID: 27720858
Diagnostic vitrectomy for infectious uveitis.
Jeroudi A, Yeh S
Int Ophthalmol Clin 2014 Spring;54(2):173-97. doi: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000017. PMID: 24613892Free PMC Article
Europe's neglected infections of poverty.
Hotez PJ, Gurwith M
Int J Infect Dis 2011 Sep;15(9):e611-9. Epub 2011 Jul 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.05.006. PMID: 21763173
Neurotoxocarosis.
Finsterer J, Auer H
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2007 Sep-Oct;49(5):279-87. doi: 10.1590/s0036-46652007000500002. PMID: 18026633

Clinical prediction guides

Visceral larva Migrans in a Young Italian Patient: A Diagnostic Dilemma.
Francalanci E, Manciulli T, Bandini G, Blanc P, Bonelli SI, Brunetti E, Gotuzzo E, Cretu CM, Gobbi F, Bartoloni A, Zammarchi L
Acta Parasitol 2023 Dec;68(4):937-941. Epub 2023 Oct 23 doi: 10.1007/s11686-023-00723-9. PMID: 37872438Free PMC Article
Pathogenesis of cerebral toxocariasis and neurodegenerative diseases.
Fan CK
Adv Parasitol 2020;109:233-259. Epub 2020 Feb 5 doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.008. PMID: 32381200
Neurotoxocariasis: a systematic literature review.
Deshayes S, Bonhomme J, de La Blanchardière A
Infection 2016 Oct;44(5):565-74. Epub 2016 Mar 23 doi: 10.1007/s15010-016-0889-8. PMID: 27084369
Ocular toxocariasis: new diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives.
Martínez-Pulgarín DF, Muñoz-Urbano M, Gomez-Suta LD, Delgado OM, Rodriguez-Morales AJ
Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2015;10(1):35-41. doi: 10.2174/1574891x10666150410125057. PMID: 25858303
Zoonoses.
Goscienski PJ
Pediatr Infect Dis 1983 Jan-Feb;2(1):69-81. doi: 10.1097/00006454-198301000-00018. PMID: 6340080

Recent systematic reviews

Toxocariasis of the Nervous System.
Meliou M, Mavridis IN, Pyrgelis ES, Agapiou E
Acta Parasitol 2020 Jun;65(2):291-299. Epub 2020 Jan 20 doi: 10.2478/s11686-019-00166-1. PMID: 31960218
Toxocariasis in humans in Africa - A systematic review.
Lötsch F, Vingerling R, Spijker R, Grobusch MP
Travel Med Infect Dis 2017 Nov-Dec;20:15-25. Epub 2017 Oct 14 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.10.009. PMID: 29037977
Neurotoxocariasis: a systematic literature review.
Deshayes S, Bonhomme J, de La Blanchardière A
Infection 2016 Oct;44(5):565-74. Epub 2016 Mar 23 doi: 10.1007/s15010-016-0889-8. PMID: 27084369
Asthma and toxocariasis.
Li L, Gao W, Yang X, Wu D, Bi H, Zhang S, Huang M, Yao X
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014 Aug;113(2):187-92. Epub 2014 Jun 13 doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.016. PMID: 24934109
Toxocariasis and epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Quattrocchi G, Nicoletti A, Marin B, Bruno E, Druet-Cabanac M, Preux PM
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012;6(8):e1775. Epub 2012 Aug 14 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001775. PMID: 22905274Free PMC Article

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