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Testicular Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Seminoma

MedGen UID:
237003
•Concept ID:
C1336715
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Seminoma of Testis; Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Seminoma of the Testis

Definition

A malignant mixed germ cell tumor arising from the testis. It is characterized by the presence of a mixture of embryonal carcinoma and a seminomatous component. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVTesticular Mixed Embryonal Carcinoma and Seminoma

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Role of HNF1β in the differential diagnosis of yolk sac tumor from other germ cell tumors.
Rougemont AL, Tille JC
Hum Pathol 2018 Nov;81:26-36. Epub 2018 May 16 doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.04.025. PMID: 29753846
D2-40 immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of seminoma and embryonal carcinoma: a comparative immunohistochemical study with KIT (CD117) and CD30.
Lau SK, Weiss LM, Chu PG
Mod Pathol 2007 Mar;20(3):320-5. Epub 2007 Feb 2 doi: 10.1038/modpathol.3800749. PMID: 17277761
Germ cell tumors of the gonads: a selective review emphasizing problems in differential diagnosis, newly appreciated, and controversial issues.
Ulbright TM
Mod Pathol 2005 Feb;18 Suppl 2:S61-79. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.3800310. PMID: 15761467

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Survival of Testicular Pure Embryonal Carcinoma vs. Mixed Germ Cell Tumor Patients across All Stages.
Cano Garcia C, Panunzio A, Tappero S, Piccinelli ML, Barletta F, Incesu RB, Law KW, Scheipner L, Tian Z, Saad F, Shariat SF, Tilki D, Briganti A, De Cobelli O, Terrone C, Antonelli A, Banek S, Kluth LA, Chun FKH, Karakiewicz PI
Medicina (Kaunas) 2023 Feb 24;59(3) doi: 10.3390/medicina59030451. PMID: 36984452Free PMC Article
SOX2 and PRAME in the "reprogramming" of seminoma cells.
Orsatti A, Sirolli M, Ambrosi F, Franceschini T, Giunchi F, Franchini E, Grillini M, Massari F, Mollica V, Bianchi FM, Colecchia M, Fiorentino M, Ricci C
Pathol Res Pract 2022 Sep;237:154044. Epub 2022 Jul 28 doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154044. PMID: 35930824
A preliminary study investigating the detection of lymphovascular invasion in germ cell tumors of the testis with double staining for OCT4/CD34.
Ricci C, Franceschini T, Giunchi F, Borsato M, Mollica V, Massari F, Fiorentino M
Pathol Res Pract 2021 Nov;227:153637. Epub 2021 Sep 29 doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153637. PMID: 34619577
Sodium/iodide symporter is expressed in the majority of seminomas and embryonal testicular carcinomas.
Micali S, Maggisano V, Cesinaro A, Celano M, Territo A, Reggiani Bonetti L, Sponziello M, Migaldi M, Navarra M, Bianchi G, Filetti S, Russo D
J Endocrinol 2013 Feb;216(2):125-33. Epub 2013 Jan 18 doi: 10.1530/JOE-12-0495. PMID: 23117572
Embryonal carcinoma in a cryptorchid testis of a 3-year old.
Deb M, Alexander B, Das K
Pediatr Surg Int 2010 Feb;26(2):233-5. doi: 10.1007/s00383-009-2528-2. PMID: 19916013

Diagnosis

A preliminary study investigating the detection of lymphovascular invasion in germ cell tumors of the testis with double staining for OCT4/CD34.
Ricci C, Franceschini T, Giunchi F, Borsato M, Mollica V, Massari F, Fiorentino M
Pathol Res Pract 2021 Nov;227:153637. Epub 2021 Sep 29 doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153637. PMID: 34619577
Embryonal carcinoma in a cryptorchid testis of a 3-year old.
Deb M, Alexander B, Das K
Pediatr Surg Int 2010 Feb;26(2):233-5. doi: 10.1007/s00383-009-2528-2. PMID: 19916013
Malignant germ cell tumours in the elderly: a histopathological review of 50 cases in men aged 60 years or over.
Berney DM, Warren AY, Verma M, Kudahetti S, Robson JM, Williams MW, Neal DE, Powles T, Shamash J, Oliver RT
Mod Pathol 2008 Jan;21(1):54-9. Epub 2007 Nov 2 doi: 10.1038/modpathol.3800978. PMID: 17975539
Germ-cell tumors of the mediastinum.
Weidner N
Semin Diagn Pathol 1999 Feb;16(1):42-50. PMID: 10355653
Testicular germ cell tumor seven years after a retroperitoneal germ cell tumor.
González Quintela A, López Bonet E, Román J, Aramburo P
Eur Urol 1991;19(4):336-8. doi: 10.1159/000473655. PMID: 1655464

Therapy

The bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 triggers growth arrest and apoptosis in testicular germ cell tumours in vitro and in vivo.
Jostes S, Nettersheim D, Fellermeyer M, Schneider S, Hafezi F, Honecker F, Schumacher V, Geyer M, Kristiansen G, Schorle H
J Cell Mol Med 2017 Jul;21(7):1300-1314. Epub 2016 Dec 27 doi: 10.1111/jcmm.13059. PMID: 28026145Free PMC Article
Metastatic mixed germ-cell neoplasm presenting as retinal detachment.
Phelps PO, Kapadia AA, Chennuri R, Mehta DG
J Clin Oncol 2012 May 1;30(13):e133-6. Epub 2012 Mar 5 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.38.2093. PMID: 22393102
Recurrent seminomas: clinical features and biologic implications.
Som A, Zhu R, Guo CC, Efstathiou E, Xiao L, Pisters LL, Matin A, Tu SM
Urol Oncol 2012 Jul-Aug;30(4):494-501. Epub 2010 Sep 6 doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.05.011. PMID: 20822932Free PMC Article
Spermatic cord contamination in testicular cancer.
Nazeer T, Ro JY, Kee KH, Ayala AG
Mod Pathol 1996 Jul;9(7):762-6. PMID: 8832559
Current concepts in clinical therapeutics: testicular cancer.
Bergmann KA
Clin Pharm 1987 Sep;6(9):693-706. PMID: 2445518

Prognosis

A preliminary study investigating the detection of lymphovascular invasion in germ cell tumors of the testis with double staining for OCT4/CD34.
Ricci C, Franceschini T, Giunchi F, Borsato M, Mollica V, Massari F, Fiorentino M
Pathol Res Pract 2021 Nov;227:153637. Epub 2021 Sep 29 doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153637. PMID: 34619577
Sodium/iodide symporter is expressed in the majority of seminomas and embryonal testicular carcinomas.
Micali S, Maggisano V, Cesinaro A, Celano M, Territo A, Reggiani Bonetti L, Sponziello M, Migaldi M, Navarra M, Bianchi G, Filetti S, Russo D
J Endocrinol 2013 Feb;216(2):125-33. Epub 2013 Jan 18 doi: 10.1530/JOE-12-0495. PMID: 23117572
Metastatic mixed germ-cell neoplasm presenting as retinal detachment.
Phelps PO, Kapadia AA, Chennuri R, Mehta DG
J Clin Oncol 2012 May 1;30(13):e133-6. Epub 2012 Mar 5 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.38.2093. PMID: 22393102
Metastatic germ cell tumor of the lung masquerading as primary rhabdomyosarcoma.
Amin RM, Kokubo T, Hiroshima K, Narita M, Itou K, Kuroki M, Tanizawa T, Nakatani Y
Pathol Int 2005 Oct;55(10):649-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2005.01884.x. PMID: 16185296
Germ-cell tumors of the mediastinum.
Weidner N
Semin Diagn Pathol 1999 Feb;16(1):42-50. PMID: 10355653

Clinical prediction guides

A preliminary study investigating the detection of lymphovascular invasion in germ cell tumors of the testis with double staining for OCT4/CD34.
Ricci C, Franceschini T, Giunchi F, Borsato M, Mollica V, Massari F, Fiorentino M
Pathol Res Pract 2021 Nov;227:153637. Epub 2021 Sep 29 doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153637. PMID: 34619577
High-resolution telomere fluorescence in situ hybridization reveals intriguing anomalies in germ cell tumors.
Shekhani MT, Barber JR, Bezerra SM, Heaphy CM, Gonzalez Roibon ND, Taheri D, Reis LO, Guner G, Joshu CE, Netto GJ, Meeker AK
Hum Pathol 2016 Aug;54:106-12. Epub 2016 Apr 13 doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.03.015. PMID: 27085557
Sodium/iodide symporter is expressed in the majority of seminomas and embryonal testicular carcinomas.
Micali S, Maggisano V, Cesinaro A, Celano M, Territo A, Reggiani Bonetti L, Sponziello M, Migaldi M, Navarra M, Bianchi G, Filetti S, Russo D
J Endocrinol 2013 Feb;216(2):125-33. Epub 2013 Jan 18 doi: 10.1530/JOE-12-0495. PMID: 23117572
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is expressed in normal spermatogenesis but only infrequently in testicular germ cell tumours.
Schreck S, Buettner M, Kremmer E, Bogdan M, Herbst H, Niedobitek G
J Pathol 2006 Sep;210(1):26-31. doi: 10.1002/path.2014. PMID: 16783758
Localization of a specific germ cell marker, DAZL1, in testicular germ cell neoplasias.
Lifschitz-Mercer B, Elliott DJ, Issakov J, Leider-Trejo L, Schreiber L, Misonzhnik F, Eisenthal A, Maymon BB
Virchows Arch 2002 Apr;440(4):387-91. Epub 2001 Nov 23 doi: 10.1007/s004280100528. PMID: 11956819

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