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Hyperchloremia

MedGen UID:
39325
Concept ID:
C0085679
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Increased chloride levels
SNOMED CT: Hyperchloremia (74450001)
 
HPO: HP:0011423

Definition

An abnormally increased chloride concentration in the blood. [from HPO]

Conditions with this feature

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2B
MedGen UID:
374457
Concept ID:
C1840390
Disease or Syndrome
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is characterized by hyperkalemia despite normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and frequently by hypertension. Other associated findings in both children and adults include hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and suppressed plasma renin levels. Aldosterone levels are variable, but are relatively low given the degree of hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium is a potent stimulus for aldosterone secretion). Hypercalciuria is well described.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2C
MedGen UID:
327089
Concept ID:
C1840391
Disease or Syndrome
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is characterized by hyperkalemia despite normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and frequently by hypertension. Other associated findings in both children and adults include hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and suppressed plasma renin levels. Aldosterone levels are variable, but are relatively low given the degree of hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium is a potent stimulus for aldosterone secretion). Hypercalciuria is well described.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2D
MedGen UID:
483335
Concept ID:
C3469605
Disease or Syndrome
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is characterized by hyperkalemia despite normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and frequently by hypertension. Other associated findings in both children and adults include hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and suppressed plasma renin levels. Aldosterone levels are variable, but are relatively low given the degree of hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium is a potent stimulus for aldosterone secretion). Hypercalciuria is well described.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2E
MedGen UID:
483336
Concept ID:
C3469606
Disease or Syndrome
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is characterized by hyperkalemia despite normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and frequently by hypertension. Other associated findings in both children and adults include hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and suppressed plasma renin levels. Aldosterone levels are variable, but are relatively low given the degree of hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium is a potent stimulus for aldosterone secretion). Hypercalciuria is well described.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Puri I, Shirazi NM, Yap E, Saggi SJ
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020 Jan;29(1):64-70. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000571. PMID: 31725008
Yu MK, Kamal F, Chertow GM
J Hosp Med 2019 Apr;14(4):232-238. Epub 2019 Feb 20 doi: 10.12788/jhm.3105. PMID: 30794134
Sümpelmann R, Becke K, Brenner S, Breschan C, Eich C, Höhne C, Jöhr M, Kretz FJ, Marx G, Pape L, Schreiber M, Strauss J, Weiss M
Paediatr Anaesth 2017 Jan;27(1):10-18. Epub 2016 Oct 17 doi: 10.1111/pan.13007. PMID: 27747968

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Carrillo AR, Elwood K, Werth C, Mitchell J, Sarangarm P
Ann Pharmacother 2022 Sep;56(9):998-1006. Epub 2022 Jan 6 doi: 10.1177/10600280211063651. PMID: 34986659
Slaughter RJ, Watts M, Vale JA, Grieve JR, Schep LJ
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019 May;57(5):303-311. Epub 2019 Jan 28 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1543889. PMID: 30689457
El Gkotmi N, Kosmeri C, Filippatos TD, Elisaf MS
Curr Med Res Opin 2017 Mar;33(3):459-471. Epub 2016 Dec 14 doi: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1261819. PMID: 27848268
Nagami GT
Nefrologia 2016 Jul-Aug;36(4):347-53. Epub 2016 Jun 3 doi: 10.1016/j.nefro.2016.04.001. PMID: 27267918
Riepe FG
Endocr Dev 2013;24:86-95. Epub 2013 Feb 1 doi: 10.1159/000342508. PMID: 23392097

Diagnosis

Emmett M
Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2022 Jul;29(4):355-363. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2022.07.004. PMID: 36175073
Qureshi AI, Huang W, Gomez FE, Malhotra K, Arora N, Chandrasekaran PN, Siddiq F, French BR, Gomez CR, Suarez JI
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022 Aug;31(8):106523. Epub 2022 May 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106523. PMID: 35633589
Slaughter RJ, Watts M, Vale JA, Grieve JR, Schep LJ
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019 May;57(5):303-311. Epub 2019 Jan 28 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1543889. PMID: 30689457
Riepe FG
Endocr Dev 2013;24:86-95. Epub 2013 Feb 1 doi: 10.1159/000342508. PMID: 23392097
Berend K, van Hulsteijn LH, Gans RO
Eur J Intern Med 2012 Apr;23(3):203-11. Epub 2011 Dec 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.11.013. PMID: 22385875

Therapy

Lehr AR, Rached-d'Astous S, Barrowman N, Tsampalieros A, Parker M, McIntyre L, Sampson M, Menon K
Pediatr Crit Care Med 2022 Mar 1;23(3):181-191. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000002890. PMID: 34991134Free PMC Article
Carrillo AR, Elwood K, Werth C, Mitchell J, Sarangarm P
Ann Pharmacother 2022 Sep;56(9):998-1006. Epub 2022 Jan 6 doi: 10.1177/10600280211063651. PMID: 34986659
Slaughter RJ, Watts M, Vale JA, Grieve JR, Schep LJ
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019 May;57(5):303-311. Epub 2019 Jan 28 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1543889. PMID: 30689457
El Gkotmi N, Kosmeri C, Filippatos TD, Elisaf MS
Curr Med Res Opin 2017 Mar;33(3):459-471. Epub 2016 Dec 14 doi: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1261819. PMID: 27848268
Adeva-Andany MM, Fernández-Fernández C, Mouriño-Bayolo D, Castro-Quintela E, Domínguez-Montero A
ScientificWorldJournal 2014;2014:627673. Epub 2014 Oct 21 doi: 10.1155/2014/627673. PMID: 25405229Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Yılmaz H, Güney BÇ
Turk J Med Sci 2022 Oct;52(5):1689-1696. Epub 2022 Oct 19 doi: 10.55730/1300-0144.5510. PMID: 36422489Free PMC Article
Ramírez-Guerrero G, Baghetti-Hernández R, Ronco C
Neurocrit Care 2022 Apr;36(2):640-649. Epub 2021 Sep 13 doi: 10.1007/s12028-021-01345-7. PMID: 34518967
Yamane DP, Maghami S, Graham A, Vaziri K, Davison D
J Intensive Care Med 2022 Jan;37(1):128-133. Epub 2020 Dec 7 doi: 10.1177/0885066620978735. PMID: 33283597
Lombardi G, Ferraro PM, Bargagli M, Naticchia A, D'Alonzo S, Gambaro G
Intern Emerg Med 2020 Mar;15(2):273-280. Epub 2019 Aug 6 doi: 10.1007/s11739-019-02165-6. PMID: 31388894
Slaughter RJ, Watts M, Vale JA, Grieve JR, Schep LJ
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019 May;57(5):303-311. Epub 2019 Jan 28 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1543889. PMID: 30689457

Clinical prediction guides

Qureshi AI, Huang W, Gomez FE, Malhotra K, Arora N, Chandrasekaran PN, Siddiq F, French BR, Gomez CR, Suarez JI
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022 Aug;31(8):106523. Epub 2022 May 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106523. PMID: 35633589
Lehr AR, Rached-d'Astous S, Barrowman N, Tsampalieros A, Parker M, McIntyre L, Sampson M, Menon K
Pediatr Crit Care Med 2022 Mar 1;23(3):181-191. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000002890. PMID: 34991134Free PMC Article
Yamane DP, Maghami S, Graham A, Vaziri K, Davison D
J Intensive Care Med 2022 Jan;37(1):128-133. Epub 2020 Dec 7 doi: 10.1177/0885066620978735. PMID: 33283597
Yeh P, Pan Y, Sanchez-Pinto LN, Luo Y
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2020 Dec 15;20(Suppl 14):302. doi: 10.1186/s12911-020-01326-4. PMID: 33323104Free PMC Article
Langer T, Santini A, Scotti E, Van Regenmortel N, Malbrain ML, Caironi P
Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther 2015;47 Spec No:s78-88. Epub 2015 Nov 20 doi: 10.5603/AIT.a2015.0079. PMID: 26588483

Recent systematic reviews

Waskowski J, Salvato SM, Müller M, Hofer D, van Regenmortel N, Pfortmueller CA
J Crit Care 2023 Dec;78:154403. Epub 2023 Aug 29 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154403. PMID: 37651780
Lehr AR, Rached-d'Astous S, Barrowman N, Tsampalieros A, Parker M, McIntyre L, Sampson M, Menon K
Pediatr Crit Care Med 2022 Mar 1;23(3):181-191. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000002890. PMID: 34991134Free PMC Article

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