U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Abnormal blood ion concentration

MedGen UID:
312393
•Concept ID:
C1704431
•
Pathologic Function
Synonyms: Abnormality of ion homeostasis; Disorder of electrolytes; Electrolyte Disorder; Electrolyte disorders; Electrolyte disturbance
SNOMED CT: Disorder of electrolytes (237840007)
 
HPO: HP:0003111

Definition

Abnormality of the homeostasis (concentration) of a monoatomic ion. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Umbilical cord pH, blood gases, and lactate at birth: normal values, interpretation, and clinical utility.
Olofsson P
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023 May;228(5S):S1222-S1240. Epub 2023 Mar 19 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.07.001. PMID: 37164495
Pathogenesis and treatment of primary aldosteronism.
Zennaro MC, Boulkroun S, Fernandes-Rosa FL
Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020 Oct;16(10):578-589. Epub 2020 Jul 28 doi: 10.1038/s41574-020-0382-4. PMID: 32724183
Metabolic acidosis: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.
Kraut JA, Madias NE
Nat Rev Nephrol 2010 May;6(5):274-85. Epub 2010 Mar 23 doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2010.33. PMID: 20308999

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Umbilical cord pH, blood gases, and lactate at birth: normal values, interpretation, and clinical utility.
Olofsson P
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023 May;228(5S):S1222-S1240. Epub 2023 Mar 19 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.07.001. PMID: 37164495
Serum Sodium Concentration and Mental Status in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis.
Glaser NS, Stoner MJ, Garro A, Baird S, Myers SR, Rewers A, Brown KM, Trainor JL, Quayle KS, McManemy JK, DePiero AD, Nigrovic LE, Tzimenatos L, Schunk JE, Olsen CS, Casper TC, Ghetti S, Kuppermann N; Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) DKA FLUID Study Group
Pediatrics 2021 Sep;148(3) Epub 2021 Aug 9 doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-050243. PMID: 34373322
Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia in CKD: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes.
Gilligan S, Raphael KL
Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2017 Sep;24(5):315-318. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2017.06.004. PMID: 29031358
Metabolic acidosis: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.
Kraut JA, Madias NE
Nat Rev Nephrol 2010 May;6(5):274-85. Epub 2010 Mar 23 doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2010.33. PMID: 20308999
Potassium and anaesthesia.
Tetzlaff JE, O'Hara JF Jr, Walsh MT
Can J Anaesth 1993 Mar;40(3):227-46. doi: 10.1007/BF03037035. PMID: 8467545

Diagnosis

Serum Sodium Concentration and Mental Status in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis.
Glaser NS, Stoner MJ, Garro A, Baird S, Myers SR, Rewers A, Brown KM, Trainor JL, Quayle KS, McManemy JK, DePiero AD, Nigrovic LE, Tzimenatos L, Schunk JE, Olsen CS, Casper TC, Ghetti S, Kuppermann N; Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) DKA FLUID Study Group
Pediatrics 2021 Sep;148(3) Epub 2021 Aug 9 doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-050243. PMID: 34373322
Pathogenesis and treatment of primary aldosteronism.
Zennaro MC, Boulkroun S, Fernandes-Rosa FL
Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020 Oct;16(10):578-589. Epub 2020 Jul 28 doi: 10.1038/s41574-020-0382-4. PMID: 32724183
Metabolic Alkalosis: A Brief Pathophysiologic Review.
Emmett M
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020 Dec 7;15(12):1848-1856. Epub 2020 Jun 25 doi: 10.2215/CJN.16041219. PMID: 32586924Free PMC Article
The arterial blood gas algorithm: Proposal of a systematic approach to analysis of acid-base disorders.
Rodríguez-Villar S, Do Vale BM, Fletcher HM
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) 2020 Jan;67(1):20-34. Epub 2019 Dec 9 doi: 10.1016/j.redar.2019.04.001. PMID: 31826801
Metabolic acidosis: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.
Kraut JA, Madias NE
Nat Rev Nephrol 2010 May;6(5):274-85. Epub 2010 Mar 23 doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2010.33. PMID: 20308999

Therapy

Serum Sodium Concentration and Mental Status in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis.
Glaser NS, Stoner MJ, Garro A, Baird S, Myers SR, Rewers A, Brown KM, Trainor JL, Quayle KS, McManemy JK, DePiero AD, Nigrovic LE, Tzimenatos L, Schunk JE, Olsen CS, Casper TC, Ghetti S, Kuppermann N; Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) DKA FLUID Study Group
Pediatrics 2021 Sep;148(3) Epub 2021 Aug 9 doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-050243. PMID: 34373322
Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia in CKD: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes.
Gilligan S, Raphael KL
Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2017 Sep;24(5):315-318. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2017.06.004. PMID: 29031358
Diet-induced metabolic acidosis.
Adeva MM, Souto G
Clin Nutr 2011 Aug;30(4):416-21. Epub 2011 Apr 9 doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.03.008. PMID: 21481501
Metabolic acidosis: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.
Kraut JA, Madias NE
Nat Rev Nephrol 2010 May;6(5):274-85. Epub 2010 Mar 23 doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2010.33. PMID: 20308999
Adult hypophosphatasia.
Sorensen E, Flodgaard H
Acta Med Scand 1975 May;197(5):357-60. doi: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1975.tb04934.x. PMID: 167553

Prognosis

Hyperlactatemia in diabetic ketoacidosis.
Masharani U, Strycker LA, Lazar AA, Wu K, Brooks GA
Diabet Med 2022 Apr;39(4):e14723. Epub 2021 Oct 22 doi: 10.1111/dme.14723. PMID: 34655270
Metabolic Alkalosis: A Brief Pathophysiologic Review.
Emmett M
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020 Dec 7;15(12):1848-1856. Epub 2020 Jun 25 doi: 10.2215/CJN.16041219. PMID: 32586924Free PMC Article
Understanding outcomes and toxicological aspects of second generation metal-on-metal hip implants: a state-of-the-art review.
Kovochich M, Finley BL, Novick R, Monnot AD, Donovan E, Unice KM, Fung ES, Fung D, Paustenbach DJ
Crit Rev Toxicol 2018 Nov;48(10):853-901. Epub 2019 Mar 26 doi: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1563048. PMID: 30912993
Diet-induced metabolic acidosis.
Adeva MM, Souto G
Clin Nutr 2011 Aug;30(4):416-21. Epub 2011 Apr 9 doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.03.008. PMID: 21481501
Magnesium and phosphorus.
Weisinger JR, Bellorín-Font E
Lancet 1998 Aug 1;352(9125):391-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)10535-9. PMID: 9717944

Clinical prediction guides

Umbilical cord pH, blood gases, and lactate at birth: normal values, interpretation, and clinical utility.
Olofsson P
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023 May;228(5S):S1222-S1240. Epub 2023 Mar 19 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.07.001. PMID: 37164495
Hyperlactatemia in diabetic ketoacidosis.
Masharani U, Strycker LA, Lazar AA, Wu K, Brooks GA
Diabet Med 2022 Apr;39(4):e14723. Epub 2021 Oct 22 doi: 10.1111/dme.14723. PMID: 34655270
Serum Sodium Concentration and Mental Status in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis.
Glaser NS, Stoner MJ, Garro A, Baird S, Myers SR, Rewers A, Brown KM, Trainor JL, Quayle KS, McManemy JK, DePiero AD, Nigrovic LE, Tzimenatos L, Schunk JE, Olsen CS, Casper TC, Ghetti S, Kuppermann N; Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) DKA FLUID Study Group
Pediatrics 2021 Sep;148(3) Epub 2021 Aug 9 doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-050243. PMID: 34373322
Diet-induced metabolic acidosis.
Adeva MM, Souto G
Clin Nutr 2011 Aug;30(4):416-21. Epub 2011 Apr 9 doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.03.008. PMID: 21481501
Magnesium and phosphorus.
Weisinger JR, Bellorín-Font E
Lancet 1998 Aug 1;352(9125):391-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)10535-9. PMID: 9717944

Recent systematic reviews

Pharmacotherapies that specifically target ammonia for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in adults with cirrhosis.
Zacharias HD, Zacharias AP, Gluud LL, Morgan MY
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 Jun 17;6(6):CD012334. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012334.pub2. PMID: 31204790Free PMC Article
The role of venous blood gas in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bloom BM, Grundlingh J, Bestwick JP, Harris T
Eur J Emerg Med 2014 Apr;21(2):81-8. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32836437cf. PMID: 23903783

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...