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Generalized Anxiety Disorder

MedGen UID:
452363
Concept ID:
C0270549
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonyms: GAD; GAD - Generalized anxiety disorder; Generalized anxiety disorder; generalized anxiety disorder
SNOMED CT: Generalized anxiety disorder (21897009); GAD - Generalized anxiety disorder (21897009)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0001942

Definition

An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive and difficult-to-control worry about a number of life situations. The worry is accompanied by restlessness, fatigue, inability to concentrate, irritability, muscle tension, and/or sleep disturbance and lasts for at least 6 months. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVGeneralized Anxiety Disorder

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Bandelow B, Michaelis S, Wedekind D
Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2017 Jun;19(2):93-107. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2017.19.2/bbandelow. PMID: 28867934Free PMC Article
Locke AB, Kirst N, Shultz CG
Am Fam Physician 2015 May 1;91(9):617-24. PMID: 25955736
Katzman MA, Bleau P, Blier P, Chokka P, Kjernisted K, Van Ameringen M; Canadian Anxiety Guidelines Initiative Group on behalf of the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada/Association Canadienne des troubles anxieux and McGill University, Antony MM, Bouchard S, Brunet A, Flament M, Grigoriadis S, Mendlowitz S, O'Connor K, Rabheru K, Richter PM, Robichaud M, Walker JR
BMC Psychiatry 2014;14 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S1. Epub 2014 Jul 2 doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-14-S1-S1. PMID: 25081580Free PMC Article

Curated

UK NICE Clinical Guideline CG113, Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults: management

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Byrne GJ
Curr Opin Psychiatry 2023 Mar 1;36(2):134-139. Epub 2022 Dec 6 doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000840. PMID: 36705012
DeGeorge KC, Grover M, Streeter GS
Am Fam Physician 2022 Aug;106(2):157-164. PMID: 35977134
Carl E, Witcraft SM, Kauffman BY, Gillespie EM, Becker ES, Cuijpers P, Van Ameringen M, Smits JAJ, Powers MB
Cogn Behav Ther 2020 Jan;49(1):1-21. Epub 2019 Feb 14 doi: 10.1080/16506073.2018.1560358. PMID: 30760112Free PMC Article
Citkowska-Kisielewska A, Rutkowski K, Sobański JA, Dembińska E, Mielimąka M
Psychiatr Pol 2019 Aug 31;53(4):845-864. doi: 10.12740/PP/105378. PMID: 31760413
DeMartini J, Patel G, Fancher TL
Ann Intern Med 2019 Apr 2;170(7):ITC49-ITC64. doi: 10.7326/AITC201904020. PMID: 30934083

Diagnosis

Szuhany KL, Simon NM
JAMA 2022 Dec 27;328(24):2431-2445. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.22744. PMID: 36573969
DeGeorge KC, Grover M, Streeter GS
Am Fam Physician 2022 Aug;106(2):157-164. PMID: 35977134
Showraki M, Showraki T, Brown K
Psychiatr Q 2020 Sep;91(3):905-914. doi: 10.1007/s11126-020-09747-0. PMID: 32383134
DeMartini J, Patel G, Fancher TL
Ann Intern Med 2019 Apr 2;170(7):ITC49-ITC64. doi: 10.7326/AITC201904020. PMID: 30934083
Maron E, Nutt D
Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2017 Jun;19(2):147-158. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2017.19.2/dnutt. PMID: 28867939Free PMC Article

Therapy

Carl E, Witcraft SM, Kauffman BY, Gillespie EM, Becker ES, Cuijpers P, Van Ameringen M, Smits JAJ, Powers MB
Cogn Behav Ther 2020 Jan;49(1):1-21. Epub 2019 Feb 14 doi: 10.1080/16506073.2018.1560358. PMID: 30760112Free PMC Article
Kaur Gill A, Bansal Y, Bhandari R, Kaur S, Kaur J, Singh R, Kuhad A, Kuhad A
Drugs Today (Barc) 2019 Jul;55(7):423-437. doi: 10.1358/dot.2019.55.7.2958474. PMID: 31347611
Stefan S, Cristea IA, Szentagotai Tatar A, David D
J Clin Psychol 2019 Jul;75(7):1188-1202. Epub 2019 Apr 20 doi: 10.1002/jclp.22779. PMID: 31004521
Carpenter JK, Andrews LA, Witcraft SM, Powers MB, Smits JAJ, Hofmann SG
Depress Anxiety 2018 Jun;35(6):502-514. Epub 2018 Feb 16 doi: 10.1002/da.22728. PMID: 29451967Free PMC Article
Lakhan SE, Vieira KF
Nutr J 2010 Oct 7;9:42. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-42. PMID: 20929532Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Showraki M, Showraki T, Brown K
Psychiatr Q 2020 Sep;91(3):905-914. doi: 10.1007/s11126-020-09747-0. PMID: 32383134
Newman MG, Shin KE, Zuellig AR
J Affect Disord 2016 Dec;206:94-102. Epub 2016 Jul 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.008. PMID: 27466747Free PMC Article
Hoge EA, Bui E, Marques L, Metcalf CA, Morris LK, Robinaugh DJ, Worthington JJ, Pollack MH, Simon NM
J Clin Psychiatry 2013 Aug;74(8):786-92. doi: 10.4088/JCP.12m08083. PMID: 23541163Free PMC Article
Beesdo K, Knappe S, Pine DS
Psychiatr Clin North Am 2009 Sep;32(3):483-524. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2009.06.002. PMID: 19716988Free PMC Article
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Löwe B
Arch Intern Med 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092. PMID: 16717171

Clinical prediction guides

Christensen MC, Schmidt S, Grande I
J Psychopharmacol 2022 May;36(5):566-577. Epub 2022 May 2 doi: 10.1177/02698811221090627. PMID: 35499104Free PMC Article
Mossman SA, Luft MJ, Schroeder HK, Varney ST, Fleck DE, Barzman DH, Gilman R, DelBello MP, Strawn JR
Ann Clin Psychiatry 2017 Nov;29(4):227-234A. PMID: 29069107Free PMC Article
Matza LS, Morlock R, Sexton C, Malley K, Feltner D
Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2010 Dec;19(4):223-32. Epub 2010 Aug 18 doi: 10.1002/mpr.323. PMID: 20718076Free PMC Article
Löwe B, Decker O, Müller S, Brähler E, Schellberg D, Herzog W, Herzberg PY
Med Care 2008 Mar;46(3):266-74. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e318160d093. PMID: 18388841
Connor KM, Davidson JR
Depress Anxiety 2003;18(2):76-82. doi: 10.1002/da.10113. PMID: 12964174

Recent systematic reviews

Byrne GJ
Curr Opin Psychiatry 2023 Mar 1;36(2):134-139. Epub 2022 Dec 6 doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000840. PMID: 36705012
Wiebe A, Kannen K, Selaskowski B, Mehren A, Thöne AK, Pramme L, Blumenthal N, Li M, Asché L, Jonas S, Bey K, Schulze M, Steffens M, Pensel MC, Guth M, Rohlfsen F, Ekhlas M, Lügering H, Fileccia H, Pakos J, Lux S, Philipsen A, Braun N
Clin Psychol Rev 2022 Dec;98:102213. Epub 2022 Oct 30 doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102213. PMID: 36356351
Zhang W, Yan Y, Wu Y, Yang H, Zhu P, Yan F, Zhao R, Tian P, Wang T, Fan Q, Su Z
Pharmacol Res 2022 May;179:106204. Epub 2022 Apr 1 doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106204. PMID: 35378276
Plummer F, Manea L, Trepel D, McMillan D
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2016 Mar-Apr;39:24-31. Epub 2015 Nov 18 doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.11.005. PMID: 26719105
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Löwe B
Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2010 Jul-Aug;32(4):345-59. Epub 2010 May 7 doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006. PMID: 20633738

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    Clinical resources

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    • PubMed
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      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Curated

    • NICE, 2020
      UK NICE Clinical Guideline CG113, Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults: management

    Consumer resources

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