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Vaginal bleeding

MedGen UID:
453354
•Concept ID:
C2979982
•
Pathologic Function
Synonyms: Bleeding, Vaginal; Bleedings, Vaginal; Vaginal Bleeding; Vaginal Bleedings
SNOMED CT: Observations of vaginal bleeding (289530006); Bleeding from vagina (289530006); Vaginal bleeding (289530006)

Definition

Bleeding originating from the vagina. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVVaginal bleeding

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Overview of ectopic pregnancy diagnosis, management, and innovation.
Mullany K, Minneci M, Monjazeb R, C Coiado O
Womens Health (Lond) 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17455057231160349. doi: 10.1177/17455057231160349. PMID: 36999281Free PMC Article
Endometrial polyps. An evidence-based diagnosis and management guide.
Vitale SG, Haimovich S, Laganà AS, Alonso L, Di Spiezio Sardo A, Carugno J; From the Global Community of Hysteroscopy Guidelines Committee
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021 May;260:70-77. Epub 2021 Mar 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.03.017. PMID: 33756339
Ectopic Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management.
Hendriks E, Rosenberg R, Prine L
Am Fam Physician 2020 May 15;101(10):599-606. PMID: 32412215

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Use of oral progestogen in women with threatened miscarriage in the first trimester: a randomized double-blind controlled trial.
Chan DMK, Cheung KW, Ko JKY, Yung SSF, Lai SF, Lam MT, Ng DYT, Lee VCY, Li RHW, Ng EHY
Hum Reprod 2021 Feb 18;36(3):587-595. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deaa327. PMID: 33331637
Evaluation of Maternal Risk Factors in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia.
Boskabadi H, Rakhshanizadeh F, Zakerihamidi M
Arch Iran Med 2020 Feb 1;23(2):128-140. PMID: 32061076
Association Between First-Trimester Subchorionic Hematomas and Pregnancy Loss in Singleton Pregnancies.
Naert MN, Khadraoui H, Muniz Rodriguez A, Naqvi M, Fox NS
Obstet Gynecol 2019 Aug;134(2):276-281. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003360. PMID: 31306310
Oral and intrauterine progestogens for atypical endometrial hyperplasia.
Luo L, Luo B, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Li J, Sidell N
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Dec 4;12(12):CD009458. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009458.pub3. PMID: 30521671Free PMC Article
First trimester complications.
Martonffy AI, Rindfleisch K, Lozeau AM, Potter B
Prim Care 2012 Mar;39(1):71-82. Epub 2011 Nov 30 doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2011.11.004. PMID: 22309582

Diagnosis

Bleeding from Gynecologic Malignancies.
Hutchcraft ML, Miller RW
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2022 Sep;49(3):607-622. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2022.02.022. PMID: 36122988
Clinical management of vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women.
Carugno J
Climacteric 2020 Aug;23(4):343-349. Epub 2020 Apr 1 doi: 10.1080/13697137.2020.1739642. PMID: 32233689
Vaginal Bleeding in Late Pregnancy.
Young JS, White LM
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 May;37(2):251-264. Epub 2019 Mar 8 doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2019.01.006. PMID: 30940370
Complications in Early Pregnancy.
Pontius E, Vieth JT
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 May;37(2):219-237. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2019.01.004. PMID: 30940368
Uterine arteriovenous malformation - diagnosis and management.
Szpera-Goździewicz A, Gruca-Stryjak K, Bręborowicz GH, Ropacka-Lesiak M
Ginekol Pol 2018;89(5):276-279. doi: 10.5603/GP.a2018.0047. PMID: 30084480

Therapy

Estetrol-Drospirenone combination oral contraceptive: a clinical study of contraceptive efficacy, bleeding pattern and safety in Europe and Russia.
Gemzell-Danielsson K, Apter D, Zatik J, Weyers S, Piltonen T, Suturina L, Apolikhina I, Jost M, Creinin MD, Foidart JM
BJOG 2022 Jan;129(1):63-71. Epub 2021 Aug 9 doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16840. PMID: 34245666Free PMC Article
Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women.
Bugge C, Adams EJ, Gopinath D, Stewart F, Dembinsky M, Sobiesuo P, Kearney R
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Nov 18;11(11):CD004010. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004010.pub4. PMID: 33207004Free PMC Article
Metformin for endometrial hyperplasia.
Clement NS, Oliver TR, Shiwani H, Sanner JR, Mulvaney CA, Atiomo W
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Oct 27;10(10):CD012214. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012214.pub2. PMID: 29077194Free PMC Article
Short-term and long-term effects of tibolone in postmenopausal women.
Formoso G, Perrone E, Maltoni S, Balduzzi S, Wilkinson J, Basevi V, Marata AM, Magrini N, D'Amico R, Bassi C, Maestri E
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Oct 12;10(10):CD008536. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008536.pub3. PMID: 27733017Free PMC Article
Safety profile of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: Spironolactone and eplerenone.
Lainscak M, Pelliccia F, Rosano G, Vitale C, Schiariti M, Greco C, Speziale G, Gaudio C
Int J Cardiol 2015 Dec 1;200:25-9. Epub 2015 May 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.127. PMID: 26404748

Prognosis

Vaginal Bleeding Before 20 Weeks Gestation.
Banwarth-Kuhn B, McQuade M, Krashin JW
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2023 Sep;50(3):473-492. Epub 2023 May 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2023.03.004. PMID: 37500211
Management of Vaginal Cancer.
Shrivastava SB, Agrawal G, Mittal M, Mishra P
Rev Recent Clin Trials 2015;10(4):289-97. doi: 10.2174/1574887110666150923112958. PMID: 26411952
A comparison of letrozole and tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer.
Breast International Group (BIG) 1-98 Collaborative Group, Thürlimann B, Keshaviah A, Coates AS, Mouridsen H, Mauriac L, Forbes JF, Paridaens R, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Gelber RD, Rabaglio M, Smith I, Wardley A, Price KN, Goldhirsch A
N Engl J Med 2005 Dec 29;353(26):2747-57. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa052258. PMID: 16382061
Laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy.
Jenkins TR
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004 Dec;191(6):1875-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.096. PMID: 15592268
Septic abortion.
Stubblefield PG, Grimes DA
N Engl J Med 1994 Aug 4;331(5):310-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199408043310507. PMID: 8022443

Clinical prediction guides

Menstrual irregularities and vaginal bleeding after COVID-19 vaccination reported to v-safe active surveillance, USA in December, 2020-January, 2022: an observational cohort study.
Wong KK, Heilig CM, Hause A, Myers TR, Olson CK, Gee J, Marquez P, Strid P, Shay DK
Lancet Digit Health 2022 Sep;4(9):e667-e675. Epub 2022 Aug 9 doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(22)00125-X. PMID: 35961858Free PMC Article
Ectopic Cervical Pregnancy: Treatment Route.
Stabile G, Mangino FP, Romano F, Zinicola G, Ricci G
Medicina (Kaunas) 2020 Jun 12;56(6) doi: 10.3390/medicina56060293. PMID: 32545627Free PMC Article
Vaginal bleeding and nausea in early pregnancy as predictors of clinical pregnancy loss.
DeVilbiss EA, Naimi AI, Mumford SL, Perkins NJ, Sjaarda LA, Zolton JR, Silver RM, Schisterman EF
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020 Oct;223(4):570.e1-570.e14. Epub 2020 Apr 10 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.002. PMID: 32283071Free PMC Article
Clinical predictors and risk factors for vaginal mesh extrusion.
Khrucharoen U, Ramart P, Choi J, Kang D, Kim JH, Raz S
World J Urol 2018 Feb;36(2):299-304. Epub 2017 Nov 24 doi: 10.1007/s00345-017-2137-y. PMID: 29170793
Signs and Symptoms of Early Pregnancy Loss.
Sapra KJ, Joseph KS, Galea S, Bates LM, Louis GM, Ananth CV
Reprod Sci 2017 Apr;24(4):502-513. Epub 2016 Sep 27 doi: 10.1177/1933719116654994. PMID: 27342274Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women.
Bugge C, Adams EJ, Gopinath D, Stewart F, Dembinsky M, Sobiesuo P, Kearney R
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Nov 18;11(11):CD004010. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004010.pub4. PMID: 33207004Free PMC Article
Evaluation of Maternal Risk Factors in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia.
Boskabadi H, Rakhshanizadeh F, Zakerihamidi M
Arch Iran Med 2020 Feb 1;23(2):128-140. PMID: 32061076
Outcome of Cesarean scar pregnancy managed expectantly: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Calì G, Timor-Tritsch IE, Palacios-Jaraquemada J, Monteaugudo A, Buca D, Forlani F, Familiari A, Scambia G, Acharya G, D'Antonio F
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018 Feb;51(2):169-175. doi: 10.1002/uog.17568. PMID: 28661021
Metformin for endometrial hyperplasia.
Clement NS, Oliver TR, Shiwani H, Sanner JR, Mulvaney CA, Atiomo W
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Oct 27;10(10):CD012214. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012214.pub2. PMID: 29077194Free PMC Article
Short-term and long-term effects of tibolone in postmenopausal women.
Formoso G, Perrone E, Maltoni S, Balduzzi S, Wilkinson J, Basevi V, Marata AM, Magrini N, D'Amico R, Bassi C, Maestri E
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Oct 12;10(10):CD008536. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008536.pub3. PMID: 27733017Free PMC Article

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