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Vaginal bleeding

MedGen UID:
453354
•Concept ID:
C2979982
•
Pathologic Function
Synonyms: Bleeding, Vaginal; Bleedings, Vaginal; Vaginal Bleeding; Vaginal Bleedings
SNOMED CT: Observations of vaginal bleeding (289530006); Bleeding from vagina (289530006); Vaginal bleeding (289530006)

Definition

Bleeding originating from the vagina. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVVaginal bleeding

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Overview of ectopic pregnancy diagnosis, management, and innovation.
Mullany K, Minneci M, Monjazeb R, C Coiado O
Womens Health (Lond) 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17455057231160349. doi: 10.1177/17455057231160349. PMID: 36999281Free PMC Article
Endometrial polyps. An evidence-based diagnosis and management guide.
Vitale SG, Haimovich S, Laganà AS, Alonso L, Di Spiezio Sardo A, Carugno J; From the Global Community of Hysteroscopy Guidelines Committee
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021 May;260:70-77. Epub 2021 Mar 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.03.017. PMID: 33756339
Ectopic Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management.
Hendriks E, Rosenberg R, Prine L
Am Fam Physician 2020 May 15;101(10):599-606. PMID: 32412215

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy and adverse clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Karimi A, Sayehmiri K, Vaismoradi M, Dianatinasab M, Daliri S
J Obstet Gynaecol 2024 Dec;44(1):2288224. Epub 2024 Feb 2 doi: 10.1080/01443615.2023.2288224. PMID: 38305047
Unexpected vaginal bleeding and COVID-19 vaccination in nonmenstruating women.
Blix K, Laake I, Juvet L, Robertson AH, Caspersen IH, Mjaaland S, Skodvin SN, Magnus P, Feiring B, Trogstad L
Sci Adv 2023 Sep 22;9(38):eadg1391. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adg1391. PMID: 37738335Free PMC Article
First-Trimester Pregnancy: Considerations for Wilderness and Remote Travel.
Coffey CH, Casper LM, Reno EM, Casper SJ, Hillis E, Klein DA, Schlein SM, Keyes LE
Wilderness Environ Med 2023 Jun;34(2):201-210. Epub 2023 Feb 25 doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2022.12.001. PMID: 36842861
Evaluation of Maternal Risk Factors in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia.
Boskabadi H, Rakhshanizadeh F, Zakerihamidi M
Arch Iran Med 2020 Feb 1;23(2):128-140. PMID: 32061076
First trimester complications.
Martonffy AI, Rindfleisch K, Lozeau AM, Potter B
Prim Care 2012 Mar;39(1):71-82. Epub 2011 Nov 30 doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2011.11.004. PMID: 22309582

Diagnosis

Bleeding from Gynecologic Malignancies.
Hutchcraft ML, Miller RW
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2022 Sep;49(3):607-622. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2022.02.022. PMID: 36122988
Clinical management of vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women.
Carugno J
Climacteric 2020 Aug;23(4):343-349. Epub 2020 Apr 1 doi: 10.1080/13697137.2020.1739642. PMID: 32233689
Female Nonobstetric Genitourinary Emergencies.
Mahonski S, Hu KM
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 Nov;37(4):771-784. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2019.07.012. PMID: 31563207
Complications in Early Pregnancy.
Pontius E, Vieth JT
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 May;37(2):219-237. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2019.01.004. PMID: 30940368
First trimester complications.
Martonffy AI, Rindfleisch K, Lozeau AM, Potter B
Prim Care 2012 Mar;39(1):71-82. Epub 2011 Nov 30 doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2011.11.004. PMID: 22309582

Therapy

Unexpected vaginal bleeding and COVID-19 vaccination in nonmenstruating women.
Blix K, Laake I, Juvet L, Robertson AH, Caspersen IH, Mjaaland S, Skodvin SN, Magnus P, Feiring B, Trogstad L
Sci Adv 2023 Sep 22;9(38):eadg1391. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adg1391. PMID: 37738335Free PMC Article
Progesterone for women with threatened miscarriage (STOP trial): a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.
McLindon LA, James G, Beckmann MM, Bertolone J, Mahomed K, Vane M, Baker T, Gleed M, Grey S, Tettamanzi L, Mol BWJ, Li W
Hum Reprod 2023 Apr 3;38(4):560-568. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dead029. PMID: 36806843Free PMC Article
Estetrol-Drospirenone combination oral contraceptive: a clinical study of contraceptive efficacy, bleeding pattern and safety in Europe and Russia.
Gemzell-Danielsson K, Apter D, Zatik J, Weyers S, Piltonen T, Suturina L, Apolikhina I, Jost M, Creinin MD, Foidart JM
BJOG 2022 Jan;129(1):63-71. Epub 2021 Aug 9 doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16840. PMID: 34245666Free PMC Article
Short-term and long-term effects of tibolone in postmenopausal women.
Formoso G, Perrone E, Maltoni S, Balduzzi S, Wilkinson J, Basevi V, Marata AM, Magrini N, D'Amico R, Bassi C, Maestri E
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Oct 12;10(10):CD008536. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008536.pub3. PMID: 27733017Free PMC Article
Dienogest.
Foster RH, Wilde MI
Drugs 1998 Nov;56(5):825-33; discussion 834-5. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199856050-00007. PMID: 9829156

Prognosis

Adding Ovarian Suppression to Tamoxifen for Premenopausal Women With Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer After Chemotherapy: An 8-Year Follow-Up of the ASTRRA Trial.
Baek SY, Noh WC, Ahn SH, Kim HA, Ryu JM, Kim SI, Lee EG, Im SA, Jung Y, Park MH, Park KH, Kang SH, Jeong J, Park E, Kim SY, Lee MH, Kim LS, Lim W, Kim S, Kim HJ
J Clin Oncol 2023 Nov 1;41(31):4864-4871. Epub 2023 Aug 22 doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.00557. PMID: 37607321
Vaginal Bleeding Before 20 Weeks Gestation.
Banwarth-Kuhn B, McQuade M, Krashin JW
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2023 Sep;50(3):473-492. Epub 2023 May 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2023.03.004. PMID: 37500211
Management of Vaginal Cancer.
Shrivastava SB, Agrawal G, Mittal M, Mishra P
Rev Recent Clin Trials 2015;10(4):289-97. doi: 10.2174/1574887110666150923112958. PMID: 26411952
Laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy.
Jenkins TR
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004 Dec;191(6):1875-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.096. PMID: 15592268
Septic abortion.
Stubblefield PG, Grimes DA
N Engl J Med 1994 Aug 4;331(5):310-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199408043310507. PMID: 8022443

Clinical prediction guides

Clinical significances of Bishop score and vaginal bleeding to controlled-release dinoprostone delivery system (PROPESS) efficacy for cervical ripening: A retrospective single-center study in Japan.
Imai K, Aoki C, Tano S, Iitani Y, Nakamura N, Ushida T, Kajiyama H, Kotani T
J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023 Apr;49(4):1154-1160. Epub 2023 Feb 6 doi: 10.1111/jog.15575. PMID: 36746752
Vaginal bleeding and nausea in early pregnancy as predictors of clinical pregnancy loss.
DeVilbiss EA, Naimi AI, Mumford SL, Perkins NJ, Sjaarda LA, Zolton JR, Silver RM, Schisterman EF
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020 Oct;223(4):570.e1-570.e14. Epub 2020 Apr 10 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.002. PMID: 32283071Free PMC Article
Clinical predictors and risk factors for vaginal mesh extrusion.
Khrucharoen U, Ramart P, Choi J, Kang D, Kim JH, Raz S
World J Urol 2018 Feb;36(2):299-304. Epub 2017 Nov 24 doi: 10.1007/s00345-017-2137-y. PMID: 29170793
Signs and Symptoms of Early Pregnancy Loss.
Sapra KJ, Joseph KS, Galea S, Bates LM, Louis GM, Ananth CV
Reprod Sci 2017 Apr;24(4):502-513. Epub 2016 Sep 27 doi: 10.1177/1933719116654994. PMID: 27342274Free PMC Article
Screening for endometrial cancer.
Robertson G
Med J Aust 2003 Jun 16;178(12):657-9. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05400.x. PMID: 12797861

Recent systematic reviews

Vaginal packing after vaginal hysterectomy: systematic review and recommendations.
Porta-Roda O, Cornet-Cortada A, Font-Vilamitjana A, Huguet-Galofré E, Lleberia-Juanós J, Solà-Arnau I
Int Urogynecol J 2023 Apr;34(4):789-796. Epub 2022 Aug 26 doi: 10.1007/s00192-022-05331-1. PMID: 36018354
Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women.
Bugge C, Adams EJ, Gopinath D, Stewart F, Dembinsky M, Sobiesuo P, Kearney R
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Nov 18;11(11):CD004010. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004010.pub4. PMID: 33207004Free PMC Article
Evaluation of Maternal Risk Factors in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia.
Boskabadi H, Rakhshanizadeh F, Zakerihamidi M
Arch Iran Med 2020 Feb 1;23(2):128-140. PMID: 32061076
Outcome of Cesarean scar pregnancy managed expectantly: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Calì G, Timor-Tritsch IE, Palacios-Jaraquemada J, Monteaugudo A, Buca D, Forlani F, Familiari A, Scambia G, Acharya G, D'Antonio F
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018 Feb;51(2):169-175. doi: 10.1002/uog.17568. PMID: 28661021
Short-term and long-term effects of tibolone in postmenopausal women.
Formoso G, Perrone E, Maltoni S, Balduzzi S, Wilkinson J, Basevi V, Marata AM, Magrini N, D'Amico R, Bassi C, Maestri E
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Oct 12;10(10):CD008536. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008536.pub3. PMID: 27733017Free PMC Article

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