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Hereditary spastic paraplegia 48(SPG48)

MedGen UID:
462251
Concept ID:
C3150901
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Spastic paraplegia 48; Spastic paraplegia 48, autosomal recessive
SNOMED CT: Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 48 (763367009)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
 
Gene (location): AP5Z1 (7p22.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0013342
OMIM®: 613647
Orphanet: ORPHA306511

Definition

Spastic paraplegia-48 (SPG48) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by spasticity of the lower limbs resulting in gait difficulties. Most patients have onset in mid- or late-adulthood, although childhood onset has been reported in 1 patient. Additional features may include parkinsonism, urinary incontinence, neuropathy, and mild cognitive impairment (summary by Hirst et al., 2015). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive SPG, see SPG5A (270800). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Urinary incontinence
MedGen UID:
22579
Concept ID:
C0042024
Finding
Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination.
Lower limb muscle weakness
MedGen UID:
324478
Concept ID:
C1836296
Finding
Weakness of the muscles of the legs.
Cerebellar ataxia
MedGen UID:
849
Concept ID:
C0007758
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
Intellectual disability, mild
MedGen UID:
10044
Concept ID:
C0026106
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Mild intellectual disability is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 50-69.
Peripheral neuropathy
MedGen UID:
18386
Concept ID:
C0031117
Disease or Syndrome
Peripheral neuropathy is a general term for any disorder of the peripheral nervous system. The main clinical features used to classify peripheral neuropathy are distribution, type (mainly demyelinating versus mainly axonal), duration, and course.
Spastic paraparesis
MedGen UID:
52432
Concept ID:
C0037771
Sign or Symptom
Mild or moderate loss of motor function accompanied by spasticity in the lower extremities. This condition is a manifestation of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES that cause injury to the motor cortex or descending motor pathways.
Spastic paraplegia
MedGen UID:
20882
Concept ID:
C0037772
Disease or Syndrome
Spasticity and weakness of the leg and hip muscles.
Spastic gait
MedGen UID:
115907
Concept ID:
C0231687
Finding
Spasticity is manifested by increased stretch reflex which is intensified with movement velocity. This results in excessive and inappropriate muscle activation which can contribute to muscle hypertonia. Spastic gait is characterized by manifestations such as muscle hypertonia, stiff knee, and circumduction of the leg.
Dysmetria
MedGen UID:
68583
Concept ID:
C0234162
Finding
A type of ataxia characterized by the inability to carry out movements with the correct range and motion across the plane of more than one joint related to incorrect estimation of the distances required for targeted movements.
Mental deterioration
MedGen UID:
66713
Concept ID:
C0234985
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Loss of previously present mental abilities, generally in adults.
Parkinsonian disorder
MedGen UID:
66079
Concept ID:
C0242422
Disease or Syndrome
Characteristic neurologic anomaly resulting from degeneration of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain, characterized clinically by shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking and gait.
Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum
MedGen UID:
138005
Concept ID:
C0344482
Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.
Tip-toe gait
MedGen UID:
98104
Concept ID:
C0427144
Finding
An abnormal gait pattern characterized by the failure of the heel to contact the floor at the onset of stance during gait.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Broad-based gait
MedGen UID:
167799
Concept ID:
C0856863
Finding
An abnormal gait pattern in which persons stand and walk with their feet spaced widely apart. This is often a component of cerebellar ataxia.
Lower limb spasticity
MedGen UID:
220865
Concept ID:
C1271100
Finding
Spasticity (velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone and hyperexcitable tendon reflexes) in the muscles of the lower limbs, hips, and pelvis.
Hyperintensity of cerebral white matter on MRI
MedGen UID:
811125
Concept ID:
C2938912
Pathologic Function
A brighter than expected signal on magnetic resonance imaging emanating from the cerebral white matter.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Periventricular white matter hyperintensities
MedGen UID:
927595
Concept ID:
C4293686
Finding
Areas of brighter than expected signal on magnetic resonance imaging emanating from the cerebral white matter that surrounds the cerebral ventricles.
Thin corpus callosum
MedGen UID:
1785336
Concept ID:
C5441562
Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormally thin corpus callous, due to atrophy, hypoplasia or agenesis. This term is intended to be used in situations where it is not known if thinning of the corpus callosum (for instance, as visualized by magnetic resonance tomography) is due to abnormal development (e.g. a leukodystrophy) or atrophy following normal development (e.g. neurodegeneration).
Retinal disorder
MedGen UID:
11209
Concept ID:
C0035309
Disease or Syndrome
Any noninflammatory disease of the retina. This nonspecific term is retained here because of its wide use in the literature, but if possible new annotations should indicate the precise type of retinal abnormality.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVHereditary spastic paraplegia 48
Follow this link to review classifications for Hereditary spastic paraplegia 48 in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Bettencourt C, Quintáns B, Ros R, Ampuero I, Yáñez Z, Pascual SI, de Yébenes JG, Sobrido MJ
Hum Mutat 2012 Sep;33(9):1315-23. Epub 2012 Jul 16 doi: 10.1002/humu.22148. PMID: 22753388

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Cao Y, Zheng H, Zhu Z, Yao L, Tian W, Cao L
Mov Disord 2024 Apr;39(4):651-662. Epub 2024 Jan 31 doi: 10.1002/mds.29728. PMID: 38291924
Ortega Suero G, Abenza Abildúa MJ, Serrano Munuera C, Rouco Axpe I, Arpa Gutiérrez FJ, Adarmes Gómez AD, Rodríguez de Rivera FJ, Quintans Castro B, Posada Rodríguez I, Vadillo Bermejo A, Domingo Santos Á, Blanco Vicente E, Infante Ceberio I, Pardo Fernández J, Costa Arpín E, Painous Martí C, Muñoz García JE, Mir Rivera P, Montón Álvarez F, Bataller Alberola L, Gascón Bayarri J, Casasnovas Pons C, Vélez Santamaría V, López de Munain A, Fernández-Eulate G, Gazulla Abío J, Sanz Gallego I, Rojas Bartolomé L, Ayo Martín Ó, Segura Martín T, González Mingot C, Baraldés Rovira M, Sivera Mascaró R, Cubo Delgado E, Echavarría Íñiguez A, Vázquez Sánchez F, Bártulos Iglesias M, Casadevall Codina MT, Martínez Fernández EM, Labandeira Guerra C, Alemany Perna B, Carvajal Hernández A, Fernández Moreno C, Palacín Larroy M, Caballol Pons N, Ávila Rivera A, Navacerrada Barrero FJ, Lobato Rodríguez R, Sobrido Gómez MJ
Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2023 Jul-Aug;38(6):379-386. Epub 2023 Apr 28 doi: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2023.04.003. PMID: 37120112
Hsu SL, Chen YH, Chou CT, Chou YT, Tsai YS, Hsiao CT, Liao YC, Lee YC
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021 Nov;92:7-12. Epub 2021 Oct 9 doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.10.006. PMID: 34649108
Cui F, Sun L, Qiao J, Xiong J, Zhao Y, Li J, Li M, Chen S, Huang X
Neurol Res 2018 Dec;40(12):1088-1093. doi: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1522412. PMID: 30352018
Kanavin ØJ, Fjermestad KW
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018 Apr 16;13(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s13023-018-0804-8. PMID: 29661209Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Cao Y, Zheng H, Zhu Z, Yao L, Tian W, Cao L
Mov Disord 2024 Apr;39(4):651-662. Epub 2024 Jan 31 doi: 10.1002/mds.29728. PMID: 38291924
Ortega Suero G, Abenza Abildúa MJ, Serrano Munuera C, Rouco Axpe I, Arpa Gutiérrez FJ, Adarmes Gómez AD, Rodríguez de Rivera FJ, Quintans Castro B, Posada Rodríguez I, Vadillo Bermejo A, Domingo Santos Á, Blanco Vicente E, Infante Ceberio I, Pardo Fernández J, Costa Arpín E, Painous Martí C, Muñoz García JE, Mir Rivera P, Montón Álvarez F, Bataller Alberola L, Gascón Bayarri J, Casasnovas Pons C, Vélez Santamaría V, López de Munain A, Fernández-Eulate G, Gazulla Abío J, Sanz Gallego I, Rojas Bartolomé L, Ayo Martín Ó, Segura Martín T, González Mingot C, Baraldés Rovira M, Sivera Mascaró R, Cubo Delgado E, Echavarría Íñiguez A, Vázquez Sánchez F, Bártulos Iglesias M, Casadevall Codina MT, Martínez Fernández EM, Labandeira Guerra C, Alemany Perna B, Carvajal Hernández A, Fernández Moreno C, Palacín Larroy M, Caballol Pons N, Ávila Rivera A, Navacerrada Barrero FJ, Lobato Rodríguez R, Sobrido Gómez MJ
Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2023 Jul-Aug;38(6):379-386. Epub 2023 Apr 28 doi: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2023.04.003. PMID: 37120112
Méreaux JL, Banneau G, Papin M, Coarelli G, Valter R, Raymond L, Kol B, Ariste O, Parodi L, Tissier L, Mairey M, Ait Said S, Gautier C, Guillaud-Bataille M; French SPATAX clinical network, Forlani S, de la Grange P, Brice A, Vazza G, Durr A, Leguern E, Stevanin G
Brain 2022 Apr 29;145(3):1029-1037. doi: 10.1093/brain/awab386. PMID: 34983064
Carrasco Salas P, Martínez Fernández E, Méndez Del Barrio C, Serrano Mira A, Guerrero Moreno N, Royo I, Delgado M, Oropesa JM, Vázquez Rico I
Int J Neurosci 2022 Aug;132(8):767-777. Epub 2022 Feb 3 doi: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1838514. PMID: 33059505
Haj Salem I, Beaudin M, Stumpf M, Estiar MA, Côté PO, Brunet F, Gamache PL, Rouleau GA, Mourabit-Amari K, Gan-Or Z, Dupré N
Can J Neurol Sci 2021 Sep;48(5):655-665. Epub 2021 Jan 5 doi: 10.1017/cjn.2020.277. PMID: 33397523

Therapy

Diella E, D'Angelo MG, Stefan C, Girardi G, Morganti R, Martinuzzi A, Biffi E
PLoS One 2024;19(4):e0301452. Epub 2024 Apr 1 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301452. PMID: 38557877Free PMC Article
Fernández-Pérez JJ, Serrano-Muñoz D, Beltran-Alacreu H, Avendaño-Coy J, Gómez-Soriano J
J Neurol Phys Ther 2024 Apr 1;48(2):66-74. Epub 2023 Nov 24 doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000463. PMID: 38015051
Geva-Dayan K, Domenievitz D, Zahalka R, Fattal-Valevski A
J Child Neurol 2010 Aug;25(8):969-75. Epub 2010 Apr 20 doi: 10.1177/0883073809356037. PMID: 20406997
Albright AL, Barron WB, Fasick MP, Polinko P, Janosky J
JAMA 1993 Nov 24;270(20):2475-7. PMID: 8230625

Prognosis

Méreaux JL, Banneau G, Papin M, Coarelli G, Valter R, Raymond L, Kol B, Ariste O, Parodi L, Tissier L, Mairey M, Ait Said S, Gautier C, Guillaud-Bataille M; French SPATAX clinical network, Forlani S, de la Grange P, Brice A, Vazza G, Durr A, Leguern E, Stevanin G
Brain 2022 Apr 29;145(3):1029-1037. doi: 10.1093/brain/awab386. PMID: 34983064
de Bot ST, Burggraaff RC, Herkert JC, Schelhaas HJ, Post B, Diekstra A, van Vliet RO, van der Knaap MS, Kamsteeg EJ, Scheffer H, van de Warrenburg BP, Verschuuren-Bemelmans CC, Kremer HP
Eur J Hum Genet 2013 Nov;21(11):1312-5. Epub 2013 Feb 27 doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.27. PMID: 23443022Free PMC Article
Wakil SM, Murad HN, Baz BM, Hagos ST, Al-Amr RA, Al-Yamani SA, Al-Wadaee SM, Meyer BF, Bohlega SA
Neurosciences (Riyadh) 2012 Jan;17(1):48-52. PMID: 22246010
Coppola M, Pizzigoni A, Banfi S, Bassi MT, Casari G, Incerti B
Genomics 2000 May 15;66(1):48-54. doi: 10.1006/geno.2000.6136. PMID: 10843804
Polo JM, Calleja J, Combarros O, Berciano J
Brain 1991 Apr;114 ( Pt 2):855-66. doi: 10.1093/brain/114.2.855. PMID: 2043954

Clinical prediction guides

Cao Y, Zheng H, Zhu Z, Yao L, Tian W, Cao L
Mov Disord 2024 Apr;39(4):651-662. Epub 2024 Jan 31 doi: 10.1002/mds.29728. PMID: 38291924
Méreaux JL, Banneau G, Papin M, Coarelli G, Valter R, Raymond L, Kol B, Ariste O, Parodi L, Tissier L, Mairey M, Ait Said S, Gautier C, Guillaud-Bataille M; French SPATAX clinical network, Forlani S, de la Grange P, Brice A, Vazza G, Durr A, Leguern E, Stevanin G
Brain 2022 Apr 29;145(3):1029-1037. doi: 10.1093/brain/awab386. PMID: 34983064
Cui F, Sun L, Qiao J, Xiong J, Zhao Y, Li J, Li M, Chen S, Huang X
Neurol Res 2018 Dec;40(12):1088-1093. doi: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1522412. PMID: 30352018
Wakil SM, Murad HN, Baz BM, Hagos ST, Al-Amr RA, Al-Yamani SA, Al-Wadaee SM, Meyer BF, Bohlega SA
Neurosciences (Riyadh) 2012 Jan;17(1):48-52. PMID: 22246010
Erichsen AK, Koht J, Stray-Pedersen A, Abdelnoor M, Tallaksen CM
Brain 2009 Jun;132(Pt 6):1577-88. Epub 2009 Mar 31 doi: 10.1093/brain/awp056. PMID: 19339254

Recent systematic reviews

Fernández-Pérez JJ, Serrano-Muñoz D, Beltran-Alacreu H, Avendaño-Coy J, Gómez-Soriano J
J Neurol Phys Ther 2024 Apr 1;48(2):66-74. Epub 2023 Nov 24 doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000463. PMID: 38015051

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